200303190 (1) 玖、發明說明 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係有關供予尤其爲年長（高齡）者或腳有殘疾 (殘廢）者所要利用之四輪小型電動車輛者。 【先前技術】 此種小型電動車輪乃被稱呼爲年長者車輛（R )，而 作爲替代年長者之腳極具有高的利用價値。如此之小型電 動車輛的基本性結構，乃例如設置了乘座者所要坐之座位 於車體後部，而在其前方配設了乘坐者載置腳用的底板， 再在其前方豎立配設操縱前輪用之轉向（方向）軸，且安 裝有轉向盤（把手）於轉向軸上端，而形成乘坐者坐在座 位來操作該方向盤。 作爲如前述之小型電動車輛的轉向（操縱）機構，例 如在日本國專利實開平5 - 76422號公報，揭示有固定左 右操縱把手基端於固定在轉向軸上端之支板上的構造。而 左右之操縱把手乃構成爲從克承板朝側方突出之同時，從 途中朝座位側彎曲，且使操縱把手端部分成爲朝內側筆直 地展延形狀。而且配設把手於左右操縱把手中之朝內側筆 直展延的前端部分，並成平行地配設加速桿於一方把手。 亦即，構成各抓握左右操縱把手桿之把手來實施操作操縱 把手，也就是作成爲如用於抓握對於乘坐員成平行部分用 的一桿型式的操縱把手來進行操作操縱把手。 又作爲如前述之小型電動車輛的轉向機構’有例如左 -5- (2) (2)200303190 右則輪爲堅固，而具有擺動軸於車輛中心部的型式者。於 該型式者係成爲從轉向軸安裝繫桿於一方關節臂，並從該 處展延配設繫桿至另一方關節臂之構造。在於該構造時， 雖可獲取較大的操縱手柄（轉向）轉動角度，但並不能適 用於前輪爲左右獨立懸吊式者。通常，在於左右獨立懸吊 式者時’會設置臂於中央之轉向軸，並採取從該臂展延配 设繫桿的構造。再者，該構造時，臂長因無法構成爲較長 ’使得具有無法能獲得太大的操縱把手之轉向角度等的問 題。 【發明內容】 (發明擬解決之課題） 然而，如前述用於抓握對於乘坐員成平行之部分的操 縱把手之操作時，因手腕的角度會維持成一定，使得手腕 會產生疲倦之情事等。又在轉向操縱把手時，其中之一方 抓握部分會從乘坐員側遠離，以致乘坐員必需伸長該一方 側之手，使得無法以舒服的姿勢來操作操縱把手。再者， 操縱把手桿因成固定性地安裝，以致隨著乘坐員之體格等 而操縱把手桿會成爲遠離，使得乘坐員之姿勢會成爲彎下 上身來抓握操縱把手桿的形態，因此，也具有會損壞操作 性之虞。 又作爲用於解決所謂在於左右獨立懸吊式時並無法得 到長的臂長度之問題，以最近所周知之轉向（駕駛）機構 ，有一種配置繫桿於轉向軸的臂上下者。然而，於如此之 -6- (3) (3)200303190 轉向機構時，因配置了繋桿於上下，因此會形成限制用於 設計吊桿臂等之自由性。 本發明係鑑於如此之實情而擬提供一種具備有優異於 使用性或操縱（駕駿）性能等的操縱裝置之小型電動車輛 爲其目的者。 (解決課題用之手段） 本發明之小型電動車輛係具備有：支承於車架上之單 一座位；在前述單一座位下方前面舖設於前述車架上的底 板；豎立配設於前述底板前部的轉向軸；作爲由操作配設 於前述轉向軸上端之轉向把手而可朝左右擺動之轉向控制 輪來配設於前述底板前方的前輪；作爲以動力組所驅動之 驅動輪而配設於前述單一座位下方後部的後輪；及用於供 電力給予前述動力組用之電力供應源的小型電動車輛，其 特徵爲：具備有：在前述轉向軸上端朝後方展延所配設之 轉向把手支承部；及具有直線桿部和從前述直線桿部左右 兩端略成圓弧狀展延的側方桿部之轉向把手，而能在前述 轉向把手支承部上，支承成令前述轉向把手的直線桿部以 前述直線桿部爲軸可朝前後方向轉動前述轉向把手。 又本發明之其他的小型電動車輛，係在支承於車體車 架上之單一座位下方前方，具有舖設於前述車體車架上的 底板，且由作爲可由操作把手而朝左右擺動之轉向控制輪 予以配設於前述底板前方的左右一對前輪’及作爲由動力 組所驅動之驅動輪予以配設於前述單一座位下方後部的左 -7- (4) 200303190 右一對後輪來構成爲可行走，並具備用於操 對前輪用之操縱裝置於前述車體車架前端部 輛，其特徵爲：於前述操縱裝置，將支承操 動於上端之同時，藉由繫桿臂及關節臂且由 前述底板前端部朝上方突出的轉向軸，和藉 可朝左右方向外側擺動於朝左右方向外側展 臂外側端部之前輪轉向關節，而前述繫桿臂 係配置成以挾持連結前述主銷軸心相互間的 相反方向突出。 【實施方式】 (發明之實施形態） 圖1〜圖5係顯示本實施形態之小型電 結構。本實施形態係一種四輪之小型電動車 在包括車體車架之車架組100前後部，各支 前輪1及後輪2。前輪1係由前輪支承機構 而後輪2則由後輪支承機構3 00所支承。 在於車架組1 〇〇之靠後部側乃支承著構 個人之乘坐員用的單一座位的座位組4 0 0。 單一座位下方前方具有舖設於車體車架 乘坐貝載置腳用底板之底板平板3。 而在車架組100前面部具有作爲由操作 左右擺動用之轉向控制輪的前輪1用之操縱 5 00。 縱前述左右一 的小型電動車 縱把手成可轉 繫桿來連結從 由主銷支承成 延配設的吊桿 及前述關節臂 軸線來互相朝 動車輛的整體 輛的例子，將 承左右一對之 200所支承， 成爲hS乘坐1 上之低底板的 把手而操縱朝 (轉向）機構 (5) (5)200303190 於本例子，後輪2乃構成作爲驅動輪，而形成爲由包 括配設於單一座位下方後部之電動機的動力組600所驅動 〇 在於底板平板3下側，將配置具備有作爲用於供電力 給予動力組600用之電力供應源的二次電池（蓄電池）之 電池組700。 首先，將詳細說明有關車架組1 00。車架組1 00係也 參照圖6〜圖8下，乃由構成車底盤部分用的車體車架101 和支承轉向把手等用之轉向架102所構成，而車體車架 101乃包括有主車架103和後車架104。主車架係由中央 車架部105和展延配設於中央車架部105前方之前（面） 車架部106所構成。 主車架1 03乃包括有在左右兩側朝前後方向所配置之 一對主車架構件107，而主車架構件107係在中央車架部 1 05及車架部1 〇6的界線附近形成如圖8等所示逐漸變狹 窄之形狀。主車架構件1 07雖理想爲以接角（有角）管材 料來形成，但並不限定於此而已，也可由C (凹）槽材料 或圓形管材料等來形成。無論使用那一種，主車架構件 107具有一定之高度（上下方向的厚度）。又在各主車架 構件附設有朝外側方突出的例如由圓筒材料所形成的搬運 (用）把手1 1 1。 又在本實施例，將在主車架構件1 07朝橫向架設有3 個橋式跨接構件1 〇 8、1 0 9、1 1 0於其前端部和中央車架部 105與前車架部106之邊界附近及後端部，以確保主車架 (6) (6)200303190 103之剛性，橋式跨接構件i〇8、109係如圖7所示，予以 彎曲形成朝下方突出，以配置將後述之前輪支承機構的底 座構件於橋式跨接構件1 〇 8、1 〇 9上。再者，在實在的車 輛係如圖7所示，主車架103爲形成適當地提高前面而成 爲傾斜狀態，但該時前輪支承機構之底座構件乃被支承成 大致成水平。 轉向架102係也如顯示於圖9，配設4支管材（料） 1 02成豎立支承於前車架部1 〇6前端部內側成一體。轉向 架102雖從前車架部1〇6(主車架構件1〇7)成垂直豎立 ’但如前述’主車架103因形成提升前面的傾斜狀，因而 ’轉向架1 0 2會適當地朝卓一*座位側傾斜。再者，轉向架 1 0 2理想爲由接角管材來形成。 後車架1 04係從各主車架構件1 〇7後端部附近配置成 朝後面上方傾斜，且由搬運把手i丨2來互相結合於各後端 部。而在後車架1 04之前後方向之大致中間予以橫向架設 槪略爲拱狀（弧狀）或梯形狀的橋式跨接構件1丨3，並在 橋式跨接構件1 1 3上部安裝有支承座位組400用之座（位 )柱1 1 4。後車架1 〇4或橋式跨接構件1丨3雖理想爲由接 角管材（料）所形成，但並不限定於此而已，也可由c槽 材（料）或圓管材（料）來形成。又在後車架丨〇4後端部 予以橫向架設彎曲形成爲朝下方突出的橋式跨接構件1 i 5 〇 接著’詳細說明有關前輪支承機構200。前輪支承機 構2 00乃支承前輪1成旋轉自如且可擺動，包括有：作爲 (7) (7)200303190 保持於前車架部1 0 6之支承部的底座構件2 01 ;固定於底 座構件201上之吊桿臂托架202 ;及由吊桿臂托架202支 承成可朝上下方向擺動自如，且從車輛左右方向中央部朝 外側展延配設之同時，能在外側端部支承前輪1成旋轉自 如用的吊桿臂203。 在此，主要由該前輪支承機構200而構成會在將後述 之電池箱前方，具有朝左右展延遍及左右前輪1的相對向 間，且較該電池箱朝下側突出之由剛性構件所形成的突出 構造。亦即，該突出構造係如圖1〜圖5或圖7等所示， 由朝前車架部106下方突出所配置構成之底座構件201、 吊桿臂托架202及吊桿臂203等所形成，而由於具有如此 突出構造於電池箱前方且在下方側，以致構成爲作爲車輛 之電源裝置具有重要功能的電池箱之障壁或防護手段，使 得能有效地保護緻密的電源裝置。再者，雖朝前車架部 106下方突出之突出構造，但在實在之車輛，底板3因配 設成前面提高的傾斜狀（參照圖7)，因而，並不會朝下 方展出，可有效地確保最低之地上高度。 於前述支承機構200，也予以參照圖9，在於主車架 103之橋式跨接構件ι〇8、1〇9上所配置之底座構件201上 ’對於左右之吊桿臂203各個配設有前後2個的吊桿臂托 架202。各吊桿臂203乃呈現朝前後分岐之兩股狀，而該 所分岐的2個基端（內側端）乃由前後之2個的吊桿臂托 架202支承軸成可旋轉。且在吊桿臂2〇3前端，將以軸支 承^字狀的關節成可旋轉。又在關節204配設車軸205成 (8) (8)200303190 水平展延’並支承前輪1於該車軸2〇5成旋轉自如。 而在則車架部1 〇 6外側，予以固定用於安裝架設懸吊 彈簧206用的托架207，以組裝懸吊彈簧2〇6於該托架 207和吊桿臂203 (分岐成兩股狀中之前方側）之間。 接著’詳細說明有關後輪支承機構3〇〇。後輪支承機 構3 0 0係與動力組6 0 0協動來支承後輪2。該時，動力組 600包括有電動機及連結於其輪出軸用的減速齒輪群，而 最後階段之齒輪的支承軸，將作爲後輪2的車軸3 01。動 力組600前端側，將藉由固定於主車架構件丨〇7後端之托 架3 0 2 (爹照圖1〜圖3等）來樞支承。而動力軸6 〇 〇後端 側係與減震器3 0 3下端側下端成連結。減震器3 0 3上端則 藉由固定於後車架104後端的托架304來樞支承。再者， 減震窃303也可爲利用壓縮螺旋彈賛或油壓等者。 接著，詳細說明有關座位組400。座位組400，將以 槪略成L字狀來結合以接角管材等所形成之座墊架40 1及 後座架402而成一體化，且座墊架401作成略水平來支承 於座位柱1 1 4上。該狀態時，座位組400係支承成可朝左 右轉動，且在其轉動途中，能選擇性地固定在複數的角度 位置。 將作爲彈性體所構成之座墊403安裝於座墊架401， 又作爲彈性體所構成之靠背404乃安裝於靠背架402。並 在靠背架402的適當高度位置，將支承臂靠405成可轉動 。而坐在如圖3之支承於座位柱1 1 4上之座位組400的乘 坐員，能使腳載置於底板平板3上，且形成時可以腳踏配 -12- 200303190 Ο) 置於底板平板3前部附近的腳踏煞車4。 將說明單一座位之轉動支承機構的結構例。如圖1〇 所示，結合有底座托架406於座墊架401下方側，且在該 底座托架406垂下座管407。另一方則嵌合了管支撐408 座位柱，而形成嵌合座管407於該管支撐408內成可旋轉 由而座墊架401，亦即單一座位會成爲可朝左右轉動。再 者，管支撐（座位支撐）408也可構成對於座柱114成可 裝卸。 又在底座托架406予以固定具有軸承409之桿支撐 4 1 〇於其前部。軸承409插穿有旋轉軸4 1 1，且旋轉軸4 11 予以朝外側展延配設並予以適當地彎曲而形成桿部4 1 2。 在於旋轉軸4 1 1固定有從開口配設於底座托架406之開口 4 1 3朝下方突出的爪片4 1 4。而由操作桿部，就可令爪片 414轉動。爪片414具有能與將後述之止動板的齒卡合之 孔414a。另一方面，管支撐408上端固定著止動板415, 且在止動板4 1 5外周部，以適當的角度間隔配設複數之齒 4 1 6。而各齒4 1 6兩側乃作爲離隙而予以切除，由而可與 爪片414成爲卡合。 以插入座管407於管支撐408而使單一座位被支承於 座柱1 1 4上。該時，以操作桿部4 1 2來使爪片4 1 4與所期 盼之齒產生卡合，就能使單一座位形成選擇性地固定於所 期盼的角度位置。 接著，詳細說明有關操縱（轉向）機構500。於操縱 機構500，將在轉向架102內側，藉由複數之支撐器（夾 (10) (10)200303190 持具）502來保持轉向軸501旋轉自如。轉向軸501上端 配設有轉向把手5 05。轉向軸501在途中予以分割而藉由 萬向接頭503來連結，且上側之轉向軸乃朝著單一座位側 傾斜。因此，成爲可確保廣闊之底板空間之同時，可配置 轉向把手505成靠近於單一座位。 圖11、12係顯示轉向把手505周圍的斜視（立體） 圖。轉向把手505係具有直線桿部505 S及從直線桿部 505S左右兩端成圓弧狀展延的側方桿部505L、505R，呈 現前部有缺口之變形U字狀。 在於轉向軸50 1上端側面，配設有朝後方展延，且從 途中朝上方彎曲之轉向把手支承部512。而固定有夾緊構 件5 1 3於轉向把手支承部5 1 2前端。夾緊構件5 1 3具有貫 穿孔於左右，而分割爲上下兩個，且該下側之夾緊構件 5 1 3 a乃熔接於轉向把手支承部5 1 2前端，而上側之夾緊構 件5 1 3 b乃藉由螺桿5 1 4來扣接於下側之夾緊構件5 1 3 a。 轉向把手5 05的直線桿部5 05 S之中央乃由前述夾緊構件 5 1 3來夾持而予以支承。因此，以鬆弛螺桿，就可令轉向 把手505以直線桿部5 05 S爲軸來轉動（參照圖中箭標記 R )，使得可調節轉向把手5 05成爲卧倒或豎立而形成所 期盼的角度。 如前述將在從轉向軸501軸線上朝單一座位側偏位之 位置所支承之轉向把手5 0 5成卧倒狀態，亦即，如圖12 所示令轉向把手對於轉向軸501形成垂直狀態時，轉向把 手5 0 5之中心會與轉向軸5 0 1之軸線略爲一致。 (11) 200303190 又在轉向把手505左右之側方桿部505L、505R 熔接等來朝內側且略朝下方固定有托架5 1 5。而由該 架5 1 5來支承加速機構底板部504兩側。以如此所固 加速機構底板部504，將成爲位於轉向把手側側且形 於略深處。 在於加速機構底板部504左右兩側，配設有加速 而加速桿506係作成略〕字狀，且使開口側朝下方之 下，令一方側邊部506a會在加速機構底板部504側 分各別支承成轉動自如。而另一方的側邊部506b則 操作桿部來配置於轉向把手505之側方桿部505L、 下方且對於該側方桿部505L、505R略成平行。因此 成爲抓握轉向把手5 05的側方桿部505L、505R之同 能操作轉動加速桿506。再者，倘若配合於轉向把手 的側方桿部505L、505R來使加速桿506之另一方側 5 0 6b作成略圓弧狀時，即使在抓握轉向把手505 5 05L、5 05R之上部或下部的狀態時，也可成爲容易 操作加速桿506。 在於加速機構底板部504的兩側部分，將配設： 加速桿5 0 6側邊部5 0 6 a成旋轉自如用之夾持具5 1 6 ; 加速桿506之轉動且予以放大用的齒輪組517 ;連繫 輪組5 1 7之小齒輪的加速感測器5 1 8 ;及用於維持加 5 06從轉向把手505側脫離狀態（加速成斷開狀態） 未圖示之彈簧等。並構成爲以抓握左右之任一加速桿 側邊部506b且反抗於彈簧而以側邊部506a爲軸來旋 ，由 等托 定之 成位 桿。 狀態 方部 作爲 505R ，能 時， 505 邊部 側方 轉動 支承 偵測 於齒 速桿 用的 506 轉操 (12) (12)200303190 作時，該轉動會藉由齒輪組5 1 7而傳達至加速感測器5 ! 8 ，並發送信號至主控制器7。 將回到說明有關操縱機構5 0 0乙事，在於前車架部 106之各主車架構件107前端部內側，安裝有托架507， 且在該托架5 0 7上，配設有支承轉向軸5 0 1下端成旋轉自 如用的突面。而在托架507上之轉向軸501後側，配設有 具有會與配設在轉向軸501下端的齒輪嚙合之齒輪的對軸 (counter shaft) 508。而固定繫桿臂509於對軸508，以 在朝左或右旋轉轉向軸5 1 0時，會使繫桿臂509藉由對軸 5 0 8來朝左或右轉動。 於各前輪1，固定於關接204之關接臂510和繫桿臂 5 09係藉由繫桿5 1 1來互相連結。而以朝左右旋轉轉向把 手5 05時，將藉由對軸508，繫桿臂509及繫桿511來操 縱前輪1朝右或左。以如此的來配設對軸5 0 8，就能操縱 前輪1朝著與轉向把手505之旋轉方向成同一方向。該狀 態時，倘若適當地選擇轉向軸501側之齒輪和對軸508側 之齒輪的齒輪比，就能適當地設定操縱（轉向）角度及操 縱力。 接著，詳細說明有關動力組600。動力組600係如前 述，將與後輪支承機構300協同來支承後輪2。將後述之 電池組700係供予電力於動力組600而驅動電動機601用 者。 接著，詳細說明有關電池組700。電池組700，將在 如圖8所示之底板（或稱爲底板平板）3之主要區域且沿 -16- (13) (13)200303190 著兩側緣部所配置車架相互間，予以收容具有與該車架高 度略相等高度的電池箱701，而在該電池箱701內予以排 列配設複數之二次電池（蓄電池）702。於圖示之例子乃 以前後兩列且在同一平面上來排列複數之二次電池702。 而底板3係由位於較前輪1爲後方且具有與前輪1之 左由相對向間隔略成相等寬度的主底板部5，及較前輪1 之左右朝相對向間隔爲狹小且以較主底板部狹窄之廣度朝 主底板部5前方所展延設置的前（側）底板6所構成。底 板3之主要區域係由主底板5所構成，而電池箱701乃配 置於此一部分。 又，前述之主車架103之中央車架部105係沿著主底 板部5之左右兩側緣部來朝前後展延。前車架部1 06係以 較前輪1之左右相對向間隔爲小的相對向間隔來朝中央車 架部105前方展延配設。於本實施例，將配置電池箱701 於構成中央車架部1 05的主車架構件1 07之相互間。 電池箱701係如圖1 3所示，呈現槪略爲薄的箱狀， 且形成爲與主車架構件107略成同一高度。而該電池箱 7 01乃配置於主底板部5下（方）側且在於主車架構件 1 07相互間。作爲乾式形二次電池702，在代表性爲使用 著鋰離子電池，但此種乾式形二次電池，通常係組合多數 電池來裝箱。而該時，爲了增進大型之電池模組的密度， 乃形成爲所謂之疊貨物之情況爲多，以致在該狀態下會成 爲相當龐大。而在本實施形態則如前述具備有左右一對之 前輪1，而可形成主底板部5成爲具有與前輪1之左右相 -17- (14) (14)200303190 對向寬度略相等寬度的大面積，因此，可在同一平面且以 前後兩例來排列合計1 6個的二次電池702。而令二次電 池7 02寬度（直徑）成爲在於與主車架構件107的高度相 等或少微高之程度，就能設定電池之裝載空間成爲極爲薄 〇 於電池箱701底部，具備有如圖14所示之形成爲符 合於二次電池702外形的複數凹凸狀之保持部。而作爲該 保持部，在本實施形態將形成複數的半月狀肋70 1 a。如 前述因排列二次電池702成同一平面，因而需要固定成不 會由振動等而使二次電池702在電池箱701產生移動。爲 此，以配設半月狀肋701a來使二次電池702能正確地固 定且形成爲不會產生互相干擾。 電池箱701具有突緣狀之安裝部701b於左右兩側， 而以載置該安裝部701b於主車架構件107上之狀態且由 小螺絲來安裝於該主車架構件1 07。該時，將配設該安裝 用小螺絲的插穿孔70 1 c。在於電池箱70 1前面側，亦即， 在前列側之二次電池702前面側，將藉由夾持具701d來 配置電池控制器（基板）703。 電池控制器703係用於控制不會在於二次電池702 ( 電池）間產生容量差或電位差所用，而配設成對於電池箱 701底部成垂直。以如此地來配設電池控制器703成垂直 於前（面）懸吊周圍之零件和二次電池702同時，就可有 效地活用前後方向的空間。再者，電池控制器703即使配 設成垂直，也由於實在的車輛上’底板係配置成朝上方提 -18- (15) (15)200303190 高之傾斜狀，因而並不會朝下方突出（展出），使得可有 效地確保最低之地上高度。 如圖14或圖15所示，在電池箱701上部配設有覆蓋 用之平板狀之蓋704。蓋704乃具有與電池箱701上部開 口成匹配的形狀，且從其下面周緣部予以配設垂下之複數 爪片704a。而在電池箱701乃以對應於爪片704a來配設 複數的卡合部701e，並以卡合爪片704a於卡合部701 e來 固定蓋704。再者，在於電池箱701和蓋704之疊合部， 將組裝[密合]墊片而使水或塵埃等不會侵入於電池箱7 〇 i 內。以覆蓋固定蓋704於收容有二次電池702的電池箱 701而構成電池或電池包裝（裝匣）。 又也如在圖1 5所示，將在電池或電池裝匣上側，亦 即蓋704上側，予以配置底板平板3。底板平板係以形成 藉由間隔件來載置於電池相7 0 1安裝部7 0 1 b上的形狀， 而由小螺絲等來安裝於該主車架構件1 〇7。該時會配設該 安裝用小螺絲之插穿孔3 a於底板平板3之周緣部之同時 ’在於安裝部7 0 1 b也配設插穿孔7 0 1 f於插穿孔3 a之對 應位置。 在於電池或電池裝匣下側，亦即，在電池箱7 〇丨下側 配置有槪略爲平板狀之下保護罩705。下保護罩7〇5係形 成覆蓋電池箱701下部之狀態，而由小螺絲等來安裝於橋 式跨接構件1 09及橋式跨接構件1 1 〇 (參照圖6等）。該 時’會在下保護罩7 0 5之前緣部及後緣部，各配設該安裝 用小螺絲的插穿孔7 0 5 a、7 0 5 b (參照圖1 4 )。 (16) (16)200303190 再者，於本實施形態之小型電動車輛，參照前述之各 圖可察明，會在配設於底板3後方之單一座位下方前半部 ，配設有如圖3等所示之用於電子控制供電力給予動力組 600的電動機601用之主控制器7，及用於充電電池組700 之二次電池702用的充電裝置。而主控制器7及充電裝置 8係由從底板3成一體連續所配設之車體蓋（未圖示）所 覆蓋，形成不會曝露於外部。 又在位於主控制器7等後方之左右一對後輪2間的空 間，將裝設箱狀籠子狀之荷物容納裝置9，且開口配設用 於拿出裝入荷物等用之開口 9a於該荷物容納裝置的上部 。如前述，單一座位係在座位柱114上方極靠近處，予以 支承成可沿其周圍轉動。而以適當地轉動單一座位，就能 以單一座位從上方予覆蓋位於其下方之荷物容納裝置9的 開口 9a成可開閉一部分或全部。 另一方面，在於轉向架102上部，將安裝開關箱（操 作盤）1 0。該開關箱1 0係例如圖7所示藉由固定於轉向 架1 02上端之槪略成鍵形之托架1 1來支承。開關箱係用 於裝載各種開關，例如裝載前進後退切換用把手、速度設 定用把手、電池餘量顯示器及充電燈，進而配設有左右方 向指示燈開關及喇叭按鈕等之開關。 開關箱1 0係在轉向把手505前方極靠近之位置且配 置成有適當地傾斜，而構成爲對於駕駛操作所需要的開關 種類會手容易接觸，並容易觀看顯示燈等的顯示內容。因 此，坐在單一座位之乘座員能簡單且正確地操作開關箱 -20- (17) 200303190 10之開關種類。該時，可因應於所需可適 桿 5 0 6 〇 又在開關箱10下方極靠近位置，安裝 軸的軟線捲軸管1 2於轉向架1 〇 2。而朝捲 量的充電用軟線係形成可拉出自如地捲繞於 充電用軟線乃連接於充電裝置8。當要進行 700之二次電池702時，將從軟線捲軸箱12 線，且藉由該充電用軟線來與外部電源連接 在於轉向架1 0 2上部，例如利用夾持具 鑰13。主鑰13會配置於乘座於單一座位之 操作之位置。而在主鑰13下方架設有箱狀 物容納裝置14於轉向架1 〇 2，且開口配設 入荷物用的開口於該荷物容納裝置1 4上部。 在於前述之狀態下，各組乃由以塑膠或 形成的車體蓋所覆蓋著，而設計爲車輛整體 外觀新式樣。該寺，可組裝腳蓋板等於轉向； 而在前輪1及後輪2之周圍，各可組裝前（ 後（部）擋泥板。 再者，在實在的車，將會裝配行走上所 保安零件種類。而作爲此種裝配品，包括有 示燈、停車燈' 側鏡或喇叭等，更進一步因, 會裝配其他零件等。 在於實際使用作成爲前述結構之小型電 座於單一位座位之乘座員，以抓握轉向把手 當地操作加速 內裝有軟線捲 取方向賦予力 軟線捲軸，該 充電於電池組 拉出充電用軟 充電裝置8。 502來安裝主 乘座員能容易 或籠子狀的荷 用於能拿出放 合成樹脂等所 能成爲所定的 架102周圍， 部）擋泥板及 需要之安全或 頭燈、方向指 應於所需要而 動車輛時，乘 5 0 5，且拉加 (18) (18)200303190 速桿506或因應於所需要踩踏腳踏煞車，就可行走車輛。 該時，會縱容納於底板平板3下側之電池組700供電力給 予動力組600，而動力組600之電動機601會驅動後輪2 ，使得乘座員可順暢且正確地駕駛該小型電動車輛。 於以上所述之本實施形態的小型電動車輛，因在從轉 向軸50 1軸線上朝單一座位側偏位位置予以支承轉向把手 5 05，而轉向把手5 05具有從直線桿部5 05 S左右兩端成圓 弧狀展延之側方桿部505L、505R，因而乘座員能以自然 地抓握轉向把手5 05之側方桿部505L、505R來進行作把 手。雖然轉動（轉向）把手時，會令一方之側方桿部 5 05L、5 05R從乘座員側遠離，但該時也可改變抓握會遠 離之側方桿部505L、505R的下部或直線桿部505S，因此 ，經常能以舒適之姿勢來進行把手之操作。 又由於可卧倒或豎立轉向把手505，使得可由響應於 乘座員之體格等來調節成所期盼的角度來增進操作性。例 如乘座員爲較爲短小者時，只要予以豎立轉向把手505， 就能以舒適姿勢來抓握轉向把手505，甚至在轉動把手時 ，也能使側方桿部505L、505R從乘座員側遠離程度變爲 小。 又加速機構底板部504，因固定於轉向把手505，因 而即使予以調節轉向把手505之角度，也會維持轉向把手 505的側方桿部5 05L、5 05R和加速桿506之位置關係， 使得也不會形成加速桿506難以操作的情況。 再者，轉向把手505前部因成爲缺口，以致可增進可 (19) 200303190 見性。尤其，如前述配置有開關箱（操作盤）l 〇於 把手505極爲靠近位置時，可增進對於該開關箱1 0 見性，而可增進操作性。 再者’又由於配設加速桿506於左右兩側，因此 轉動操任何一方之容易使用者。如前述加速桿506之 操作量雖會傳送至控制器7，而響應於該控制來驅動 2，但在例如轉動操作左右兩方的加速桿5 0 6時，予 成控制器7能依照操作量爲大一方來驅動控制後輪2 〇 接著，將參照圖17〜圖22來說明有關依據本實 態的操縱（轉向）裝置，操縱裝置係如前述，將予以 轉向把手505成可轉動於上端的同時，會從底板3前 朝上方突出之轉向軸501，及藉由主銷208來支承成 左右擺於朝左右方向外側展延配設之吊桿臂203外側 的關節，藉由繫桿臂509及關節臂510且由繫桿511 結。 而在熔接於轉向架102下端之托架507，將如圖 、：I 9 B所示予以配設轉向軸安裝用突面5 2 1和對軸安 突面522於其凹部內。突面（boss ) 521，將藉由軸承 (理想爲樹脂製襯套）來支承轉向軸之下端。而在 5 23上部予以固定略半月狀之齒輪（5 24 (平齒輪） 在齒輪524會嚙合固定於對軸508的略半月狀之齒輪 (平齒輪）。對軸5 0 8係藉由軸承526且由突面522 支承，該時，將會介居插入間隔件527於上下的軸承 轉向 的可 ，可 轉動 後輪 以構 就可 施形 支承 端部 可朝 端部 所連 19A 裝用 523 軸承 ，且 525 以軸 526 (20) (20)200303190 之間。 尤其在本發明，繋桿臂509及關節臂510係如圖18 所示’以挾持聯結左右主銷208軸心相互間的軸線來配置 成互相朝相反方向突出。該狀態係從關節204朝斜前方展 延配設關節臂510，而從轉向軸501朝後方展延配設繋桿 臂 509 〇 以如此地來配置構成繫桿臂509及關節臂5 1 0時，將 會令繫桿5 1 1兩端之連桿端5 1 1 a及5 1 1 b位於聯結主銷 208軸心相互間的軸線之前方及後方位置。 又予以配置轉向軸501下端支承部（轉向軸安裝用突 面5 21 )於較聯結主銷208軸心相互間之軸線爲前方，而 配置繫桿臂509之轉軸（對軸508 )於較轉向軸501爲後 方。且由作爲連繫手段之齒輪524、5 2 5來連繫轉向軸501 及對軸508。該狀態時，繫桿臂509會配設於底板3前部 下方（參照圖2或圖9等）。 本發明之操縱裝置，可確保靠近於所謂阿克曼（ Ackerman，梯形轉向機構）理論的轉向角度，且可實現順 暢且正確之操縱，行走性能。有關阿克曼理論係如圖2 1 所示，所謂被操縱（轉向）之左右前輪（F )的車軸中心 Μ1、M2，會在後輪（R )之車軸延長線Μ’上交叉。當轉向 角度α來轉向左側前輪時，倘若右側前輪之轉向角度作爲 /3時，能成立如下之公式。再者，圖中之Μ係表示聯結 主銷2 0 8之軸心相互間的軸線。 (21) (21)200303190200303190 (1) 玖, [Explanation of the Invention] [Technical Field to which the Invention belongs] The present invention relates to a four-wheeled small electric vehicle for use especially by elderly (senior) people or people with disabilities (disability). [Prior art] This type of small electric wheel is called an elderly vehicle (R), And as a substitute for the elderly, it has a very high price. The basic structure of such a small electric vehicle, For example, the seat for the occupant is set at the rear of the car body. In front of it, there is a floor for occupants' feet. A steering (direction) shaft for controlling the front wheels is erected in front of it, A steering wheel (handle) is installed on the upper end of the steering shaft. Instead, the occupant is seated to operate the steering wheel. As the steering (manipulation) mechanism of the small electric vehicle as described above, For example, in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-76422, A structure in which the base ends of the left and right operating handles are fixed to a support plate fixed to the upper end of the steering shaft is disclosed. The left and right handles are configured to protrude from the bearing plate to the side, From the way to the seat side, In addition, the end portion of the joystick is extended straight inward. And it is equipped with a handle on the front part of the left and right operating handles that extends straight inward, An acceleration lever is arranged in parallel on one handle. that is, The handles of the left and right joysticks are constituted to implement the operation handles, That is, the joystick is operated as a lever-type joystick for grasping a parallel portion for an occupant. As a steering mechanism of a small electric vehicle as described above, there are, for example, left -5- (2) (2) 200303190, and the right wheel is solid, A model with a swing axis at the center of the vehicle. In this type, the tie rod is attached to the one articulated arm from the steering shaft, From there, the structure of the tie rod to the other articulated arm is extended. In this construction, Although a large joystick (steering) rotation angle can be obtained, However, it is not suitable for those whose front wheels are independently suspended left and right. usually, In the case of a left-right independent suspension type, a steering shaft with an arm at the center is provided, And take the structure of extending the tie bar from this arm span. Furthermore, When constructing, Since the arm length cannot be made longer, there is a problem that it is impossible to obtain a large steering angle of the handle. [Summary of the Invention] (Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, When gripping the handle of the occupant in parallel as described above, Because the angle of the wrist will remain constant, Makes the wrist feel tired and so on. When turning to the joystick again, One of them will be away from the occupant side, So that the occupant must extend the hand on that side, This makes it impossible to operate the joystick in a comfortable posture. Furthermore, The joystick is fixedly mounted, So that as the occupant's physique, etc. So that the occupant ’s posture will become the form of bending down to grasp the lever therefore, There is also a risk of impairing operability. It is also used to solve the problem that the long arm length cannot be obtained when the left and right independent suspension type is used. With a steering mechanism known recently, There is a kind of arm which is provided with a tie rod to a steering shaft. however, With this -6- (3) (3) 200303190 steering mechanism, Because the tie rods are arranged up and down, As a result, the freedom to design boom arms and the like is restricted. In view of such a situation, the present invention intends to provide a small electric vehicle having a steering device that is superior in usability, handling (driving) performance, and the like. (Means for solving problems) The small electric vehicle of the present invention is provided with: A single seat supported on a frame; A bottom plate laid on the aforementioned frame under the aforementioned single seat; Erected a steering shaft arranged at the front of the bottom plate; The front wheels arranged in front of the bottom plate as steering control wheels that can be swung to the left and right by operating a steering handle provided on the upper end of the steering shaft; The rear wheels arranged behind the single seat as the driving wheels driven by the power pack; And small electric vehicles for supplying power to the aforementioned power pack, Its characteristics are: Have: The steering handle support portion provided at the upper end of the steering shaft is extended rearward; And a steering handle having a linear rod portion and side rod portions that extend in a circular arc shape from the left and right ends of the linear rod portion, And on the steering handle support, The linear lever portion of the steering handle is supported so that the steering lever can be turned in the front-rear direction with the linear lever portion as an axis. Another small electric vehicle of the present invention, Fastened under the single seat supported on the body frame, Having a floor laid on the aforementioned body frame, A pair of left and right front wheels, which are arranged in front of the bottom plate, as steering control wheels that can be swung to the left and right by operating the handle, and a left-7, which is arranged as a drive wheel driven by a power group, are located behind the single seat -(4) 200303190 The right pair of rear wheels is configured to be walkable, And equipped with a steering device for front wheels at the front end of the aforementioned body frame, Its characteristics are: On the aforementioned controls, While operating the support at the upper end, With a tie rod arm and an articulated arm, and a steering shaft protruding upward from the front end portion of the bottom plate, And the front wheel steering joint of the outer end of the arm can be swung in the left-right direction and outboard in the left-right direction, The tie rod arms are arranged to protrude in opposite directions from each other by holding and connecting the main pin axes to each other. [Embodiment] (Embodiment of the invention) Figs. 1 to 5 show a small-sized electrical structure according to this embodiment. This embodiment is a four-wheeled small electric vehicle at the front and rear of a frame group 100 including a body frame, Each front wheel 1 and rear wheel 2. The front wheel 1 is supported by the front wheel support mechanism and the rear wheel 2 is supported by the rear wheel support mechanism 300. On the rear side of the frame group 100 is a seat group 400 that supports a single seat for the individual passenger. There is a bottom plate 3 on the front of the single seat, which is laid on the vehicle body frame, and the bottom plate for mounting feet. On the other hand, the front of the frame group 100 is provided with a steering wheel 500 for steering the steering wheel for operating left-right swing. The longitudinal handle of the left and right small electric vehicles is an example in which the longitudinal handles are turnable tie rods, which connect the booms supported by the king pin to the extension and the axis of the articulated arm to mutually move the entire vehicle. Will support 200 pairs of left and right, Become the handle of the low floor on hS 1 and operate the steering (steering) mechanism (5) (5) 200303190 In this example, The rear wheel 2 is constituted as a driving wheel, It is formed to be driven by a power pack 600 including a motor arranged at the rear of a single seat under the single seat. A battery pack 700 provided with a secondary battery (battery) as a power supply source for supplying power to the power pack 600 will be arranged. First of all, The frame set 100 will be described in detail. Frame set 100 series also refer to Figure 6 ~ Figure 8, It is composed of a body frame 101 for a chassis portion and a bogie 102 for supporting a steering handle, etc. The vehicle body frame 101 includes a main frame 103 and a rear frame 104. The main frame is composed of a center frame portion 105 and a stretch frame portion 106 disposed in front of (front of) the center frame portion 105. The main frame 10 03 includes a pair of main frame members 107 arranged on the left and right sides in the front-rear direction. On the other hand, the main frame member 107 is formed in a shape that gradually narrows as shown in FIG. 8 and the like near the boundary between the center frame portion 105 and the frame portion 106. Although the main vehicle frame member 107 is ideally formed of a corner (angular) pipe material, But it's not limited to this, It can also be formed from a C (concave) groove material or a circular tube material. No matter which one is used, The main vehicle frame member 107 has a certain height (thickness in the vertical direction). Further, each main frame member is provided with a carrying handle 1 1 1 which protrudes outward, for example, made of a cylindrical material. Also in this embodiment, Three bridge-type bridge members 108 will be erected horizontally in the main vehicle frame member 107. 1 0 9, 1 1 0 In the vicinity of the front end portion, the boundary between the central frame portion 105 and the front frame portion 106, and the rear end portion, To ensure the rigidity of the main frame (6) (6) 200303190 103, Bridge crossover members i〇8, 109 is shown in Figure 7, Bend it to protrude downward, The base member of the front wheel support mechanism described later is arranged on the bridge-type bridge member in a configuration. 1.09. Furthermore, The actual vehicle is shown in Figure 7, The main frame 103 is inclined so that the front is appropriately raised, However, at this time, the base member of the front wheel supporting mechanism is supported approximately horizontally. The bogie 102 series is also shown in FIG. 9, It is equipped with 4 pipes (materials) 102, which are erected and integrated on the inside of the front end of the front frame section 106. Although the bogie 102 is erected vertically from the front frame portion 106 (main vehicle frame member 107), as described above, the main frame 103 is inclined to raise the front surface, Therefore, the 'bogie 10 2 will tilt toward Zhuo Yi * seat side appropriately. Furthermore, The bogie 1 0 2 is preferably formed of a corner pipe. The rear frame 1 04 is arranged from the vicinity of the rear end portion of each main frame member 107 to be inclined upward and rearward. The carrying handles i 丨 2 are coupled to each rear end portion. The rear frame 104 is erected laterally approximately in the middle of the front and rear directions. On the upper part of the bridge type bridge member 1 1 3, a seat 1 1 4 for supporting the seat group 400 is installed. Although the rear frame 104 or the bridge bridge member 1 丨 3 is ideally formed by an angle pipe (material), But it's not limited to this, It can also be formed by c groove material (material) or round pipe material (material). A bridge type bridge member 1 i 5 is formed to be laterally erected and bent at the rear end of the rear frame 丨 〇4 to protrude downward. Next, the front wheel support mechanism 200 will be described in detail. The front wheel support mechanism 2 00 supports the front wheel 1 to rotate freely and swingably. This includes: (7) (7) 200303190 is a base member 2 01 held in a support portion of the front frame portion 106; A boom arm bracket 202 fixed on the base member 201; And supported by the boom arm bracket 202, it can swing freely in the vertical direction. And it is extended from the center of the vehicle left and right to the outside, A boom arm 203 for freely rotating the front wheel 1 is supported at the outer end portion. here, The front wheel support mechanism 200 is mainly formed in front of a battery box which will be described later. Has a relative direction that stretches left and right across the left and right front wheels 1, A projecting structure made of a rigid member that projects downward from the battery case. that is, The protruding structure is shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 or FIG. 7 and so on. A base member 201 configured to be protruded downward from the front frame portion 106, The boom arm bracket 202 and the boom arm 203 are formed, And because it has such a protruding structure in front of the battery box and on the lower side, So that it constitutes a barrier or a protective means for a battery box that has important functions as a power supply device of a vehicle, This makes it possible to effectively protect a dense power supply unit. Furthermore, Although the protruding structure protrudes below the front frame portion 106, But in the real vehicle, The bottom plate 3 is arranged in an inclined shape with a front elevation (see FIG. 7). thus, And it wo n’t be displayed downwards, It can effectively ensure the lowest ground height. In the aforementioned support mechanism 200, Referring also to FIG. 9, Lies in the bridge-type bridge member 103 of the main frame 103, On the base member 201 arranged on the 10 ', two left and right boom arm brackets 202 are provided for each of the left and right boom arms 203. Each boom arm 203 is in the shape of two branches that are divided toward the front and back. The two base ends (inner ends) of this branch are rotatably supported by the front and rear boom arms 202. And at the front end of the boom arm 203, Rotate the ^ -shaped joint supported by the shaft. An axle 205 is also provided at the joint 204. (8) (8) 200303190 Horizontal extension 'and supports the front wheel 1 to rotate freely on the axle 205. On the outside of the frame section 106, Fixed to a bracket 207 for mounting the suspension spring 206, A suspension spring 206 is assembled between the bracket 207 and the boom arm 203 (divided into two strands in the front side). Next, the details of the rear wheel support mechanism 300 will be described. The rear wheel support mechanism 300 supports the rear wheel 2 in cooperation with the power train 600. At that time, The power pack 600 includes a motor and a reduction gear group connected to a wheel output shaft thereof. And the supporting shaft of the gear in the final stage, Will be the axle 3 01 of the rear wheel 2. The front end of the power pack 600, It will be pivotally supported by a bracket 3 02 (figure 1 to 3, etc.) fixed to the rear end of the main vehicle frame member 07. The rear end of the power shaft 600 is connected to the lower end of the shock absorber 303. The upper end of the shock absorber 3 0 3 is pivotally supported by a bracket 304 fixed to the rear end of the rear frame 104. Furthermore, The shock absorber 303 may be a person using a compressed spiral bomb or oil pressure. then, The seat group 400 is explained in detail. Seat group 400, The seat cushion frame 40 1 and the rear seat frame 402 formed by connecting corner tubes and the like are formed into an L shape, In addition, the seat cushion frame 401 is formed slightly horizontally and supported on the seat post 1 1 4. In this state, The seat set 400 is supported to be able to rotate left and right, And on its way, It can be selectively fixed at plural angular positions. A seat cushion 403 made of an elastic body is mounted on a seat cushion frame 401, The backrest 404 which is also made of an elastic body is mounted on the backrest frame 402. And at the proper height of the backrest frame 402, Turn the support arm 405 into a rotatable position. The occupant sitting in the seat group 400 supported on the seat post 1 1 4 as shown in FIG. 3, Can make the foot be placed on the bottom plate 3, And when it is formed, it can be equipped with pedals -12- 200303190 〇) The foot brake 4 placed near the front of the floor plate 3. An example of the structure of the single-seat rotation support mechanism will be described. As shown in Figure 10, A base bracket 406 is coupled to the lower side of the seat cushion frame 401, A seat tube 407 is suspended from the base bracket 406. The other side is fitted with a tube support 408 seat post, The fitting seat tube 407 is formed to be rotatable within the tube support 408 so that the seat cushion frame 401, That is, a single seat will be able to turn left and right. Furthermore, The pipe support (seat support) 408 may also be detachably attached to the seat post 114. A rod support 41 with a bearing 409 is fixed to the front of the base bracket 406. Bearing 409 is inserted through a rotating shaft 4 1 1, Further, the rotation shaft 4 11 is extended and arranged outward, and is appropriately bent to form a rod portion 4 1 2. The rotating shaft 4 1 1 is fixed with a claw piece 4 1 4 protruding downward from an opening 4 1 3 provided in the base bracket 406 from the opening. And by the lever part, Then, the claw piece 414 can be rotated. The claw piece 414 has a hole 414a which can be engaged with a tooth of a stopper plate which will be described later. on the other hand, The upper end of the tube support 408 is fixed with a stop plate 415, And on the outer periphery of the stop plate 4 1 5 Plural teeth 4 1 6 are arranged at appropriate angular intervals. The teeth 4 1 6 are cut off as a clearance, Thereby, it can be engaged with the claw piece 414. A single seat is supported on the seat post 1 1 4 by inserting the seat post 407 into the pipe support 408. At that time, The lever portion 4 1 2 is used to engage the claw piece 4 1 4 with the desired tooth, This enables a single seat to be selectively fixed in a desired angular position. then, The steering (steering) mechanism 500 will be described in detail. For operating mechanism 500, Will be inside the bogie 102, A plurality of supports (clip (10) (10) 200303190 holder) 502 are used to keep the steering shaft 501 free to rotate. The upper end of the steering shaft 501 is provided with a steering handle 505. The steering shaft 501 is divided on the way and connected by a universal joint 503. And the upper steering shaft is inclined towards the single seat side. therefore, While ensuring a wide floor space, Configurable steering handle 505 close to a single seat. Figure 11, Series 12 shows a squint (stereoscopic) view around the steering handle 505. The steering handle 505 includes a linear rod portion 505 S and side rod portions 505L extending in an arc shape from the left and right ends of the linear rod portion 505S, 505R, A deformed U-shape with a notch at the front. In the side of the upper end of the steering shaft 50 1, Equipped with a rearward extension, The steering handle support 512 is bent upward from the middle. A clamping member 5 1 3 is fixed to the front end of the steering handle support portion 5 1 2. The clamping members 5 1 3 have perforations left and right, And divided into two, And the clamping member 5 1 3 a on the lower side is welded to the front end of the steering handle support portion 5 1 2, The upper clamping member 5 1 3 b is fastened to the lower clamping member 5 1 3 a by a screw 5 1 4. The center of the linear lever portion 5 05 S of the steering handle 5 05 is supported by the clamping member 5 1 3. therefore, With a loosening screw, The steering handle 505 can be rotated around the linear rod part 5 05 S (refer to arrow mark R in the figure), Make the adjustable steering handle 505 to lie down or stand up to form the desired angle. As described above, the steering handle 505, which is supported at a position deviated from the axis of the steering shaft 501 toward the single seat side, is brought into a lying state, that is, When the steering handle is made vertical to the steering shaft 501 as shown in FIG. 12, The center of the steering handle 5 0 5 will slightly coincide with the axis of the steering shaft 5 0 1. (11) 200303190 On the left and right side levers 505L, The 505R is fixed with a bracket 5 1 5 by welding, etc. to the inside and slightly downward. The frame 5 1 5 supports both sides of the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504. In this way, the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504, It will be located on the side of the steering handle and slightly deeper. On the left and right sides of the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504, It is equipped with acceleration, and the acceleration lever 506 is made slightly]. With the opening side facing down, One of the side portions 506a is rotatably supported separately on the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504 side. The other side portion 506b is operated by a lever portion to be disposed on the side lever portion 505L of the steering handle 505, Below and for the side rod 505L, The 505R is slightly parallel. Therefore, it becomes the side lever portion 505L that grasps the steering handle 505, The 505R can also be operated by turning the acceleration lever 506. Furthermore, If fitted to the side lever 505L of the steering handle, 505R to make the other side 5 0 6b of the acceleration lever 506 slightly arc-shaped, Even when gripping the steering handle 505 5 05L, 5 When the 05R is above or below, It also becomes easy to operate the acceleration lever 506. In both sides of the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504, Will be provisioned: The acceleration lever 5 0 6 side portion 5 0 6 a into a freely rotatable holder 5 1 6; The gear set 517 for the rotation of the acceleration lever 506 and to be enlarged; An acceleration sensor 5 1 8 connected to a pinion of a wheel set 5 1 7; And a spring (not shown) for maintaining the detached state (accelerated to the disconnected state) of the steering wheel 505 from the steering handle 505 side. And it is configured to grip any one of the left and right acceleration levers, the side portion 506b, and the side portion 506a as an axis against the spring, Positioned by waiting. State square as 505R, When 505 Side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side, side This rotation is transmitted to the acceleration sensor 5 through the gear set 5 1 7! 8 , And send a signal to the main controller 7. Will return to the description of the control mechanism On the inside of the front end portion of each main frame member 107 of the front frame portion 106, With bracket 507, And on this bracket 5 7 A protruding surface supporting the lower end of the steering shaft 501 for free rotation is provided. And on the rear side of the steering shaft 501 on the bracket 507, A counter shaft 508 is provided with a gear that meshes with a gear disposed at the lower end of the steering shaft 501. And the tie bar arm 509 is fixed to the opposite shaft 508, When turning the steering shaft 5 1 0 to the left or right, The tie bar arm 509 is caused to rotate left or right by aligning the shaft 508. On each front wheel 1, The connecting arm 510 and the tie arm 5 09 fixed to the connecting 204 are connected to each other by a tie rod 5 1 1. When turning the steering handle to the left and right, By pairing axis 508, The tie rod arms 509 and tie rods 511 operate the front wheel 1 to the right or left. Align the shaft 5 0 8 in this way, The front wheel 1 can be operated in the same direction as the turning direction of the steering handle 505. In this state, If the gear ratio of the gear on the steering shaft 501 side and the gear on the counter shaft 508 side is appropriately selected, You can set the steering (steering) angle and steering force appropriately. then, Details about the power pack 600. Powertrain 600 series is as described above, The rear wheel 2 will be supported in cooperation with the rear wheel support mechanism 300. A battery pack 700 to be described later is used for supplying power to the power pack 600 and driving the motor 601. then, The battery pack 700 is explained in detail. Battery pack 700, Place the frames on the main area of the bottom plate (or called the bottom plate) 3 as shown in FIG. 8 along the sides of -16- (13) (13) 200303190, Contain a battery box 701 with a height approximately equal to the height of the frame, In the battery box 701, a plurality of secondary batteries (batteries) 702 are arranged. In the example shown in the figure, a plurality of secondary batteries 702 are arranged in two columns in front and back and on the same plane. The bottom plate 3 is a main bottom plate portion 5 which is located behind the front wheel 1 and has a width that is slightly equal to the distance from the left side of the front wheel 1, The front (side) bottom plate 6 is formed by narrowing the space between the left and right sides of the front wheel 1 and extending narrower than the main floor portion toward the front of the main floor portion 5. The main area of the bottom plate 3 is constituted by the main bottom plate 5, The battery box 701 is arranged in this part. also, The central frame portion 105 of the aforementioned main frame 103 extends forward and backward along the left and right side edge portions of the main bottom plate portion 5. The front frame portion 106 is extended toward the front of the center frame portion 105 at a relatively small interval from the left and right relative intervals of the front wheel 1. In this embodiment, A battery box 701 is disposed between the main frame members 107 which constitute the center frame portion 105. The battery box 701 is shown in Figure 13 Showing a thin box shape, And formed at the same height as the main frame member 107. The battery box 7 01 is disposed on the lower (square) side of the main floor portion 5 and is located between the main vehicle frame members 107. As a dry-type secondary battery 702, Typically, lithium-ion batteries are used. But this type of dry-type secondary battery, Usually, most batteries are packaged together. And at that time, In order to increase the density of large battery modules, Is often formed as so-called stacked goods, So it would become quite large in this state. In this embodiment, as described above, the left and right front wheels 1 are provided. The main floor portion 5 can be formed to have a large area with a width that is slightly equal to the width of the front wheel 1 therefore, A total of 16 secondary batteries 702 can be arranged on the same plane and in two examples. The width (diameter) of the secondary battery 702 is equal to or slightly higher than the height of the main frame member 107. Can set the battery loading space to be extremely thin 〇 at the bottom of the battery box 701, A plurality of concave-convex holding portions formed as shown in FIG. 14 to conform to the outer shape of the secondary battery 702 are provided. And as the holding part, In this embodiment, a plurality of semilunar ribs 70 1 a are formed. As mentioned above, because the secondary batteries 702 are arranged on the same plane, Therefore, it is necessary to fix it so that the secondary battery 702 does not move in the battery case 701 due to vibration or the like. to this end, The provision of the half-moon-shaped ribs 701a enables the secondary battery 702 to be accurately fixed and formed so as not to cause mutual interference. The battery box 701 has flange-shaped mounting portions 701b on the left and right sides, On the other hand, the mounting portion 701b is mounted on the main frame member 107 and is mounted on the main frame member 107 by a small screw. At that time, Insert the insertion hole 70 1 c for this mounting screw. Lies on the front side of the battery box 70 1, that is, On the front side of the secondary battery 702 on the front row side, The battery controller (substrate) 703 will be arranged by the holder 701d. The battery controller 703 is used to control that a capacity difference or a potential difference does not occur between the secondary batteries 702 (batteries). It is arranged perpendicular to the bottom of the battery box 701. In this way, the battery controller 703 is arranged so that the parts surrounding the suspension perpendicular to the front (surface) and the secondary battery 702 are simultaneously, You can effectively use the space in the front-back direction. Furthermore, Even if the battery controller 703 is arranged vertically, Because of the actual vehicle ’s bottom plate is configured to lift upwards -18- (15) (15) 200303190, So it does n’t protrude downwards (exhibition), This makes it possible to effectively ensure a minimum ground height. As shown in Figure 14 or Figure 15, A flat plate-shaped cover 704 is provided on the upper portion of the battery case 701. The cover 704 has a shape matching the upper opening of the battery box 701, Further, a plurality of hanging claw pieces 704a are provided from the lower peripheral edge portion. The battery box 701 is provided with a plurality of engaging portions 701e corresponding to the claw pieces 704a. The cover 704 is fixed with the engaging claw piece 704a on the engaging portion 701e. Furthermore, In the overlapping part of the battery box 701 and the cover 704, The [close-fitting] gasket is assembled so that water, dust, and the like do not enter the battery case 70i. A battery or a battery pack (boxing) is configured by covering the fixed cover 704 in the battery box 701 containing the secondary battery 702. Also as shown in Figure 15 On the top of the battery or battery compartment, That is, the upper side of the cover 704, The base plate 3 is configured. The bottom plate is formed into a shape placed on the battery phase 7 0 1 mounting portion 7 0 1 b by a spacer, A small screw or the like is mounted on the main vehicle frame member 107. At this time, the insertion holes 3 a of the mounting screws are arranged at the periphery of the base plate 3 at the same time as the mounting portion 7 0 1 b is also provided with corresponding insertion holes 7 0 1 f at the corresponding positions of the insertion holes 3 a. On the underside of the battery or battery compartment, that is, A substantially flat lower protective cover 705 is arranged below the battery box 7 〇 丨. The lower protective cover 705 is formed to cover the lower part of the battery box 701. On the other hand, a small screw or the like is attached to the bridge bridge member 1 09 and the bridge bridge member 1 1 0 (see FIG. 6 and the like). At this time, the front edge portion and the rear edge portion of the lower protective cover 7 0 5 Each installation is equipped with a small screw insertion hole 7 0 5 a, 7 0 5 b (refer to Figure 14). (16) (16) 200303190 Furthermore, In the small electric vehicle of this embodiment, With reference to the previous figures, it can be found that Will be in the front half under a single seat that is located behind the floor 3, The main controller 7 for the electric motor 601 for electronically controlling the power-supplying power set 600 as shown in FIG. 3 and the like, And a charging device for the secondary battery 702 of the rechargeable battery pack 700. The main controller 7 and the charging device 8 are covered by a vehicle body cover (not shown) provided continuously from the bottom plate 3 as a whole. Formation is not exposed to the outside. In the space between the left and right rear wheels 2 located behind the main controller 7, etc., A box-shaped cage-like load accommodating device 9 will be installed, And the opening is provided with an opening 9a for taking out a load and the like on the upper part of the load accommodating device. As mentioned before, The single seat is located very close above the seat post 114, It is supported so that it can rotate around it. And to properly rotate a single seat, It is possible to cover part or all of the opening 9a of the load accommodating device 9 located below it with a single seat. on the other hand, In the upper part of the bogie 102, The switch box (operation panel) 10 will be installed. The switch box 10 is supported by, for example, a bracket 11 fixed to the upper end of the bogie 102 as shown in FIG. Switch box is used to load various switches, For example, loading handle for forward / backward switching, Speed setting handle, Battery remaining indicator and charging lamp, It is also equipped with switches such as left and right direction indicator switches and horn buttons. The switch box 10 is located very close to the front of the steering handle 505 and is configured to be properly tilted, And it is configured so that the types of switches required for driving operations are easily accessible by hand, And easy to see the display content of the display lights. Therefore, An occupant sitting in a single seat can easily and correctly operate the switch box. -20- (17) 200303190 10 Switch types. At that time, It can be adjusted according to the need. 5 0 6 〇 And very close to the position below the switch box 10, Install the flexible cord reel tube 12 of the shaft on the bogie 102. On the other hand, the charging cord for the volume is formed so as to be freely wound around the charging cord and is connected to the charging device 8. When the secondary battery 702 of 700 is to be performed, 12 cords from the cord reel box, And the charging cord is used to connect to the external power source. For example, the gripper key 13 is used. The master key 13 is arranged at a position where the seat is operated in a single seat. A box-like container 14 is mounted below the master key 13 on the bogie 102. The opening is provided with an opening for receiving a load on the upper portion of the load accommodating device 14. In the aforementioned state, Each group is covered by a plastic or formed body cover, The design is a new look for the overall appearance of the vehicle. The temple, Assemblable foot cover equals steering; And around front wheel 1 and rear wheel 2, Each can be assembled with front (rear (part)) fenders. Furthermore, In the real car, Kinds of security parts for walking will be assembled. And as this assembly, Including lights, Stop lights' side mirrors or speakers, etc. Furthermore, Will assemble other parts and so on. It is actually used as a single seat passenger in a small electric seat of the aforementioned structure, It is accelerated by grasping the steering handle. This charging is performed on the battery pack and the charging soft charging device 8 is pulled out. 502 to install the main occupant can easily or cage-shaped load for taking out and put synthetic resin, etc. can become around the predetermined frame 102, Parts) fenders and safety or headlights needed, Direction refers to when you need to move the vehicle, Multiply 5 0 5 And Ragga (18) (18) 200303190 Speed lever 506 or pedal brakes as needed, You can walk the vehicle. At that time, The power supply of the battery pack 700, which is longitudinally accommodated in the lower side of the bottom plate 3, is provided to the power pack 600, The electric motor 601 of the power pack 600 will drive the rear wheels 2. The occupant can drive the small electric vehicle smoothly and correctly. In the small electric vehicle of the embodiment described above, The steering handle 5 05 is supported by being offset from the steering shaft 50 to the single seat side. The steering handle 5 05 has a side rod portion 505L, which extends in an arc shape from the left and right ends of the linear rod portion 05 05 S, 505R, Therefore, the occupant can naturally grasp the side lever portion 505L of the steering handle 505, 505R to do the trick. Although when turning (steering) the handle, Will make one side of the side 5 05L, 5 05R away from the passenger side, However, at this time, you can also change the side lever 505L, The lower part of the 505R or the straight section 505S, Therefore, The handle can often be operated in a comfortable position. And because the steering handle 505 can be lying down or erect, This makes it possible to improve the operability by adjusting the desired angle in response to the physical condition of the occupant. For example, when the occupant is shorter, As long as the steering handle 505 is erected, You can hold the steering handle 505 in a comfortable position, Even when turning the handle, Can also make the side lever 505L, The distance of the 505R from the passenger side becomes small. And the acceleration mechanism bottom plate portion 504, Because it is fixed to the steering handle 505, Therefore, even if the angle of the steering handle 505 is adjusted, The side lever 5 05L of the steering handle 505 is also maintained, 5 05R and the positional relationship between the acceleration lever 506, This makes it difficult to operate the acceleration lever 506. Furthermore, Because the front part of the steering handle 505 is notched, So as to improve visibility (19) 200303190. especially, The switch box (operation panel) is configured as described above. When the handle 505 is extremely close to the position, Can improve the visibility of the switch box 10, This improves operability. Moreover, because the acceleration lever 506 is provided on the left and right sides, Therefore, it is easy for the user to rotate. Although the operation amount of the acceleration lever 506 is transmitted to the controller 7, And drive 2 in response to this control, However, for example, when the left and right accelerator levers 5 06 are rotated, The preparation controller 7 can drive and control the rear wheel 2 in accordance with the larger operation amount. Next, The operation (steering) device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 22, The controls are as described above, While turning the steering handle 505 into the upper end, A steering shaft 501 that projects upward from the front of the bottom plate 3, And the joints supported by the main pin 208 so as to swing left and right on the outside of the boom arm 203 that is arranged to extend outward in the left-right direction, The tie rod arm 509 and the articulated arm 510 are connected by the tie rod 511. The bracket 507 fused to the lower end of the bogie 102, Will be as shown in : As shown in I 9 B, a protruding surface 5 2 1 for mounting the steering shaft and a protruding surface 522 for the countershaft are provided in the recess. Convex surface (boss) 521, The lower end of the steering shaft will be supported by a bearing (ideally a resin bushing). A slightly half-moon gear (5 24 (flat gear)) is fixed on the upper part of 5 23 (a flat gear), and a slightly half-moon gear (flat gear) on the shaft 508 is meshed and fixed on the gear 524. The shaft 5 0 8 is supported by a bearing 526 and a protruding surface 522. At that time, Will insert the spacer 527 on the upper and lower bearings to steer, The rear wheel can be rotated to construct and support the end. 523 bearings can be installed towards the 19A connected to the end. And 525 is between axis 526 (20) (20) 200303190. Especially in the present invention, As shown in FIG. 18, the tie bar arm 509 and the articulated arm 510 are arranged so as to protrude in opposite directions from each other by holding and coupling the axes of the left and right king pins 208 with respect to each other. In this state, an articulated arm 510 extends obliquely forward from the joint 204, When the tie bar arm 509 is extended from the steering shaft 501 to the rear, the tie bar arm 509 and the articulated arm 5 1 0 are arranged in this way. The connecting rod ends 5 1 1 a and 5 1 1 b at both ends of the tie rod 5 1 1 will be positioned in front of and behind the axis connecting the main pins 208 to each other. Furthermore, the lower end support portion (steering shaft mounting projection 5 21) of the steering shaft 501 is arranged forward from the axis of the coupling pin 208 axial center with each other, The rotation axis (counter axis 508) of the tie bar arm 509 is arranged behind the steering axis 501. And by means of gears 524, 5 2 5 to connect the steering shaft 501 and the counter shaft 508. In this state, The tie bar arm 509 is disposed below the front portion of the bottom plate 3 (see FIG. 2 or FIG. 9 and the like). The operating device of the present invention, To ensure close proximity to the so-called Ackerman, Trapezoidal steering mechanism) theoretical steering angle, And enables smooth and correct manipulation, Walking performance. The relevant Ackerman theory is shown in Figure 21, The center of the axle of the left and right front wheels (F) being controlled (steering) M1, M2, Will cross on the axle extension line M 'of the rear wheel (R). When the steering angle α is used to steer the left front wheel, If the steering angle of the right front wheel is / 3, The following formula can be established. Furthermore, M in the figure represents the axis between the axes of the connecting pin 208. (21) (21) 200303190
cot α = B/L cot β = A + B/L 再者’ L爲則後車軸間距離（wheei base ) ，A爲主銷間距 離。 例如圖示之例子，將成爲車輛旋轉中心之內側的左側 則輪（轉向角度α )之車軸中心線假定爲Ml，及將成爲 車輛旋轉中心之外側的右側前輪（轉向角度^ )之主軸心 中線假定爲M2，又有關與車輛中心線c爲平行的主銷中 心線N之與車軸中心線]y[!成線對稱作爲直線Μ!’。並予 以變化內側之轉向角度（〇〜9 〇。），且在該每一角度予以 點繪車軸中心線Μ2和直線Mh，的交點，就可獲得阿克曼理 論線P。 圖22係顯示於本發明之操縱裝置，當朝左操縱前輪 1時’以與獲取上述之阿克曼理論線P爲同樣方法來變化 左側前輪1的轉向角度α及右側前輪1的轉向角度/3 ( α =0。 、15。 、30。 、45。 、60。.......及 /3 = 〇。 、15。、 3〇° 、45° 、60° .......)時的與阿克曼理論線Ρ之對應 關係。該狀態係以轉動繫桿臂509來使關節臂5 1 0之擺動 角度變化，且與點繪在於阿克曼理論線Ρ之車軸中心線 Μ2和直線Μ!’的交點同樣，予以點繪在每一轉向角度^及 轉向角度Θ的角度變化15°之交點Ρ〇、Ρυ、Ρ3〇、Ρ45、Ρ6。 、......者。由圖可察明直至轉向角度^ = 80°左右爲止， 略與阿克曼理論線Ρ形成一致。 -25- (22) 200303190 而依據此種電動車輛之法律規範的形式認定上 範於整個長度爲1 200mm，整個寬度爲700mm以下 以該條件來構成四輪型式之車輛時，各車輪會形成 車輛的四個角隅。又爲了行走狹窄通道等，有需要 的操縱轉向角度。在本發明，將從關節204朝向前 配設關節臂510 ’且從轉向軸501朝向後方展延配 臂509。以如此地來配置構成繫桿臂509及關節臂 ’就能在直線彳了進時（參照圖18)，可設定繫桿 線和車輛前後方向之軸線夾角成爲銳角，由而可確 最大操縱角度。而且前輪1內側之轉向角度即使成 左右（參照圖20)，也可略順著阿克曼理論線p 轉向角度。 又以如上述來設定直線行進時之繫桿5丨丨軸線 前後方向軸線的夾角成爲銳角，就可令關節臂5 1 0 前後方向軸線的夾角予以形成爲朝車輛左右方向內 。由而，即使確保大的關節臂5 1 0前端和前輪1之 也能使用於支承關節204可擺動用的主銷208靠近 1而可設定摩擦（scrub )半徑（主銷偏位）爲小者 摩擦半徑成爲小時，就可增進車輛的操縱性或穩定 再者’由於可配置從底板3前端部朝上突出之 501於車輛前方，使得可確保廣闊之底板3，使得 地使用底板3。該時，以配置轉向軸5 01形成較軸，彳 前方時，就能形成更廣闊的底板3。 又藉由作爲連繫手段之齒輪5 24、5 2 5來聯結 ，乃規 。倘若 配置於 確保大 方展延 設繫桿 510時 511軸 保大的 爲8 0。 來移位 和車輛 和車輛 側打開 間隙， 於前輪 。以令 性。 轉向軸 能有效 泉Μ更 轉向軸 (23) (23)200303190 5 0 1和繫桿臂。該狀態時，予以適當地設定該等齒輪的減 速比，就可增進轉向（駕駿）操作性。例如在於臂力爲弱 的女性年長者等可縮小減速比，就能以小的把手操作力來 駕駛。又在於男性時，將減速比予以形成較大，就能以小 的把手轉向角度來使前輪轉向角度變爲大，亦即，可獲得 快速之操作感。 以上，雖與種種實施形態一起來說明本發明，但本發 明並非僅限定於該等之實施形態而已，能在本發明的範圍 內可予以變更等。例如前述實施形態雖說明了左右之方向 指示燈開關及喇叭按鈕配設於開關箱1 0的例子，但也可 作成如圖1 6所示，配設左右之方向指示燈開關5 1 9或喇 叭按鈕5 20於固定在轉向把手505之托架515。由而，並 不需要從轉向把手505放開手之狀態下，就可操作左右的 方向指示燈開關5 1 9或喇叭按鈕520。 又例如令繋桿臂5 09沿著其中心線分割爲二，以構成 爲左右可各別之產生作用，就可成爲如所謂的電動椅等之 小型電動車輛在其地方實施旋轉。該時，因以連續地進行 把手操作之同時，要維持在該地方旋轉，因此，需要配備 暫時停止在該地方旋轉，而使左右前輪作成「八」字狀用 的機構。 (發明之效果） 如以上所說明，依據本發明可提供一種具備有優異於 使用性或操縱性等之操縱裝置的小型電動車輛。 -27- (24) (24)200303190 亦即，在於此種之小型電動車輛，因支承轉向把手於 從轉向軸上之軸線朝單一座位側偏位的位置，且轉向把手 具有從直線桿部左右兩端成圓弧狀展延之側方桿部，因而 乘座員能以自然的感覺來抓握轉向把手的側方桿部來進行 把手操作。又轉向把手因支承成可朝前後方向轉動，因而 可予以卧倒或豎立轉向把手，使得能因應於乘座員之體格 來調整爲所期盼之角度，以致可更增進操作性。 又在此種之小型電動車輛，能確保大的最大操縱角度 ，且略依照阿克曼理論線來位移轉向角度。由而，即使進 行旋轉運動也會使輪胎產生側滑成爲少，使得在構造上並 不會賦予過度的負荷之同時，能有效地抑制輪胎的磨損。 又以適當，理想地設定繫桿臂、關節臂及繫桿之配置關係 時，不僅可作成爲車輛具有操縱性或穩定性，且可確保廣 闊的底板，使得能有效地使用底板。再者，以適當地設定 連結轉向軸和繋桿臂的齒輪減速比時，就具有可增進轉向 操作性等之優點。 【圖式簡單說明】 圖1係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之前方斜視（立體）圖。 圖2係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之後方斜視圖。 圖3係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之側面圖。 -28- (25) 200303190 圖4係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之平面圖。 圖5係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態基本結 構之正面圖。 圖6係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態之車架 組及電池組的斜視圖。 圖7係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的車架 組周圍之側面圖。 0 圖8係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的車架 組周圍之平面圖。 圖9係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的前輪 支承機構周圍之斜視圖。 圖1 〇係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的單 一座位之轉動機構周圍的斜視圖。 圖1 1係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的轉 向把手周圍之斜視圖。 φ 圖1 2係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的轉 向把手周圍之側面圖。 圖1 3係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的電 池組之斜視圖。 圖1 4係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的電 池組之分解斜視圖。 圖1 5係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的電 池組之側面圖 -29 - (26) (26)200303190 圖1 6係顯示其他例之轉向把手周圍的斜視圖。 圖1 7係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的操 縱裝置周圍之斜視圖。 圖1 8係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的操 縱裝置周圍之平面圖。 圖1 9 A係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的轉 向軸和繋桿臂之聯結構造的平面圖，圖丨9 B爲剖面圖。 圖2 0係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的操 縱裝置周圍之平面圖。 圖21係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的阿 克曼理論線用之模式圖。 圖2 2係顯示本發明之小型電動車輛的實施形態的與 阿克曼理論線之對應關係圖。 【主要元件對照表】 1 :前輪 2 :後輪 3 :底板平板 3 a :插穿孔 4 :腳踏煞車 5 :主底（板部） 6:前（面）底板部 7 :主控制器 8 :充電裝置 -30- (27) (27)200303190 9 :荷物容納裝置 9a :開口 1 0 :關關箱 1 1 :托架 1 2 :軟線捲軸箱 1 3 :主鑰 1 4 :荷物容納裝置 100 :車架組 101 :車體車架 1 0 2 :轉向架 103 :主車架 104 :後車架 1 〇 5 :中央車架部 10 6 :前（面）車架部 107 :主車架構件 1 0 8〜1 1 0 :橋式跨接構件 111 :搬運（用）把手 1 1 2 :搬運把手 1 1 3 :橋式跨接構件 1 14 :座（位）柱 1 1 5 :橋式跨接構件 200 :前輪支承機構 201 :底座構件 202 :吊桿臂托架 -31 - (28) (28)200303190 203 :吊桿臂 204 :關節 205 :車軸 206 :懸吊彈簧 207 :托架 208 :主銷 300 :後輪支承機構 3 0 1 :車軸 302 :托架 3 0 3 :減震器 304 :托架 4 0 0 :座位組 401 :座墊架 402 :靠背架 403 :座墊 404 :靠背 405 :臂靠 406 :底座托架 407 :座管 408 :管支撐 409 :軸承 4 1 〇 :桿支撐 4 1 1 :旋轉軸 4 1 2 :桿部 (29) 200303190 413 :開□ 414 :爪片 414a :孔 4 1 5 :止動板 4 1 6 :齒 500 :操縱（轉向）機構 5 0 1 :轉向軸cot α = B / L cot β = A + B / L, and ′ L is the distance between the rear axles (wheei base), and A is the distance between the main pins. For the example shown in the figure, it is assumed that the axis centerline of the left wheel (steering angle α) that is inside the vehicle's rotation center is Ml, and the centerline of the main axis of the right front wheel (steering angle ^) that is to be outside the vehicle's rotation center Suppose it is M2, and it is related to the centerline of the kingpin that is parallel to the vehicle centerline c and the centerline of the axle] y [! The inner steering angle (0 ~ 9 °) is changed, and the intersection of the axle centerline M2 and the straight line Mh is plotted at each angle to obtain the Ackerman theory line P. FIG. 22 shows the steering device of the present invention. When the front wheel 1 is operated to the left, the steering angle α of the left front wheel 1 and the steering angle of the right front wheel 1 are changed in the same manner as the above-mentioned Ackerman theoretical line P is obtained. 3 (α = 0., 15., 30., 45., 60 ..... and / 3 = 0., 15 .., 30 °, 45 °, 60 ° ... .) Corresponding to the Ackerman theory line P. In this state, the swing angle of the articulated arm 5 10 is changed by turning the tie rod arm 509, and the point is plotted at the intersection of the axis centerline M2 of the Ackerman theoretical line P and the straight line M! ' The intersection point Po, Pυ, P30, P45, P6 of each steering angle ^ and the angle of the steering angle Θ changes by 15 °. ,......By. It can be seen from the figure that until the steering angle ^ = about 80 °, it is slightly consistent with the Ackerman theoretical line P. -25- (22) 200303190 According to the legal specifications of this type of electric vehicle, it is determined to be superior to the entire length of 1 200mm and the entire width of 700mm or less. When a four-wheel vehicle is formed under this condition, each wheel will form a vehicle. Four horned owls. In order to walk narrow passages, etc., it is necessary to control the steering angle. In the present invention, an articulated arm 510 'is provided forward from the joint 204 and extended toward the rear from the steering shaft 501. When the tie bar arm 509 and the articulated arm are arranged in this way, when the straight line is advanced (see FIG. 18), the angle between the tie bar line and the axis in the front-rear direction of the vehicle can be set to an acute angle, thereby determining the maximum steering angle. . In addition, even if the steering angle inside the front wheel 1 is left and right (see FIG. 20), the steering angle can be slightly along the Ackerman theoretical line p. As described above, the angle of the front-back direction axis of the tie bar 5 when traveling in a straight line is set to an acute angle, so that the angle of the front-back direction axis of the articulated arm 5 10 can be formed to face in the left-right direction of the vehicle. Therefore, even if the large articulated arm 5 1 0 and the front wheel 1 can be ensured, it can be used to support the pivoting pin 208 of the joint 204 close to 1 and the friction radius (offset of the king pin) can be set to a smaller one. When the friction radius becomes smaller, the vehicle's maneuverability or stability can be improved. Furthermore, since a 501 protruding upward from the front end portion of the floor plate 3 can be arranged in front of the vehicle, a wide floor plate 3 can be secured, and the floor plate 3 can be used. At this time, the steering shaft 501 is arranged to form a relatively large shaft, and when it is forward, a wider floor 3 can be formed. It is regulated by gears 5 24, 5 2 5 as a means of connection. If it is configured to ensure a generous extension and set the tie bar 510, the 511 axis is guaranteed to be 80. Come to shift and open the gap on the side of the vehicle and the vehicle to the front wheels. To make sex. Steering shaft can be effective. Spring steering shaft (23) (23) 200303190 5 0 1 and tie rod arm. In this state, by setting the reduction ratio of these gears appropriately, steering (driving) operability can be improved. For example, female seniors with weak arm strength can reduce the reduction ratio and can drive with a small amount of handle operation. In the case of men, if the reduction ratio is made large, the steering angle of the front wheels can be made large with a small steering angle, that is, a quick operation feeling can be obtained. Although the present invention has been described in conjunction with various embodiments, the present invention is not limited to only those embodiments, and can be modified within the scope of the present invention. For example, although the foregoing embodiment has described an example in which the left and right direction indicator switches and the horn buttons are arranged in the switch box 10, it can also be configured as shown in FIG. 16 with the left and right direction indicator switches 5 1 9 or speakers The button 5 20 is fixed to a bracket 515 of the steering handle 505. Therefore, the left and right direction indicator switches 5 1 9 or the horn button 520 can be operated without releasing the hand from the steering handle 505. As another example, the tie rod arm 509 is divided into two along its center line so that the left and right can function separately, and a small electric vehicle such as a so-called electric chair can be rotated at the place. At this time, since the handle is continuously operated while maintaining rotation at the place, it is necessary to provide a mechanism for temporarily stopping the rotation at the place so that the left and right front wheels are formed in an "eight" shape. (Effects of the Invention) As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a small electric vehicle provided with a steering device that is superior in usability, controllability, and the like. -27- (24) (24) 200303190 That is, in this type of small electric vehicle, the steering handle is supported at a position deviated from the axis on the steering shaft toward the single seat side, and the steering handle The side levers with arc-shaped extensions at both ends allow the occupant to grasp the side levers of the steering handlebar with natural feeling for handle operation. The steering handle is supported to turn in the front-rear direction, so it can be tilted down or erected so that it can be adjusted to the desired angle in accordance with the physique of the occupant, which can further improve the operability. Also in such small electric vehicles, a large maximum steering angle can be ensured, and the steering angle is shifted slightly according to the Ackerman theory line. Therefore, even if the rotary motion is performed, the tire can be prevented from slipping sideways, so that excessive load is not given to the structure, and tire wear can be effectively suppressed. When the arrangement relationship of the tie bar arm, the articulated arm, and the tie bar is set appropriately and ideally, not only can the vehicle have maneuverability or stability, but also a wide floor can be ensured, so that the floor can be effectively used. Furthermore, when the gear reduction ratio connecting the steering shaft and the tie arm is appropriately set, there are advantages such as improved steering operability and the like. [Brief Description of the Drawings] FIG. 1 is a front oblique (stereoscopic) view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 2 is a rear perspective view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 3 is a side view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. -28- (25) 200303190 FIG. 4 is a plan view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 5 is a front view showing a basic structure of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 6 is a perspective view showing a frame assembly and a battery pack of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 7 is a side view showing the periphery of a frame group of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. 0 FIG. 8 is a plan view showing the periphery of a frame group of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 9 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a front wheel support mechanism of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 10 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a single-seat turning mechanism according to an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 11 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a turning handle of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. φ Fig. 12 is a side view showing the periphery of a turning handle of a small electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 13 is a perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 15 is a side view showing a battery pack according to an embodiment of the small electric vehicle of the present invention. -29-(26) (26) 200303190 Fig. 16 is a perspective view showing a steering handle around another example. Fig. 17 is a perspective view showing the periphery of a steering device of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 18 is a plan view showing the periphery of a steering device of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 19A is a plan view showing a coupling structure of a steering shaft and a tie rod arm in an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention, and Fig. 9B is a sectional view. Fig. 20 is a plan view showing the periphery of the steering device of the small electric vehicle according to the embodiment of the present invention. Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram showing an Ackerman theory line of an embodiment of a small electric vehicle according to the present invention. Fig. 22 is a diagram showing the correspondence between the embodiment of the small electric vehicle of the present invention and the Ackerman theory line. [Comparison table of main components] 1: Front wheel 2: Rear wheel 3: Floor plate 3 a: Insertion hole 4: Pedal brake 5: Main bottom (plate portion) 6: Front (face) bottom plate portion 7: Main controller 8: Charging device -30- (27) (27) 200303190 9: Load storage device 9a: Opening 1 0: Closed box 1 1: Bracket 1 2: Cord reel box 1 3: Master key 1 4: Load storage device 100: Frame group 101: body frame 1 02: bogie 103: main frame 104: rear frame 1 05: center frame portion 10 6: front (front) frame portion 107: main frame component 1 0 8 ~ 1 1 0: Bridge type bridge member 111: Handle for carrying (for use) 1 1 2: Handle handle for bridge 1 1 3: Bridge type bridge member 1 14: Seat (position) column 1 1 5: Bridge type bridge Component 200: Front wheel support mechanism 201: Base component 202: Boom arm bracket-31-(28) (28) 200303190 203: Boom arm 204: Joint 205: Axle 206: Suspension spring 207: Bracket 208: Main Pin 300: Rear wheel support mechanism 3 0 1: Axle 302: Bracket 3 0 3: Shock absorber 304: Bracket 4 0 0: Seat group 401: Seat cushion frame 402: Backrest frame 403: Seat cushion 404: Backrest 405 : Armrest 406: Base bracket 407: Seatpost 408: Tube support 4 09: Bearing 4 1 〇: Rod support 4 1 1: Rotary shaft 4 1 2: Rod (29) 200303190 413: Open □ 414: Claw piece 414a: Hole 4 1 5: Stop plate 4 1 6: Tooth 500: Steering (steering) mechanism 5 0 1: Steering shaft
502 :支撐器（夾持具） 5 0 3 :萬向接頭 504 :加速機構底板部 5 05 :轉向把手 5 05L、505R :側方桿部 5 0 5 S :直線桿部 5 06 :加速桿502: Bracket (grip) 5 0 3: Universal joint 504: Base plate part of acceleration mechanism 5 05: Steering handle 5 05L, 505R: Side lever part 5 0 5 S: Linear lever part 5 06: Acceleration lever
5 0 6 A、 5 0 6 B :孭[J 邊咅K5 0 6 A, 5 0 6 B: 孭 (J edge 咅 K
507 :托架 5 0 8 :對軸 5 09 :繫桿臂 5 1 0 :關節臂 5 1 1 :繫桿 5 1 1 a、5 1 1 b :連桿端 5 1 2 :轉向把手支承部 5 1 3 :夾緊構件 5 13a :下側夾緊構件 -33- (30) 200303190507: Bracket 5 0 8: Opposite shaft 5 09: Tie arm 5 1 0: Articulated arm 5 1 1: Tie rod 5 1 1 a, 5 1 1 b: Link end 5 1 2: Steering handle support 5 1 3: Clamping member 5 13a: Lower clamping member -33- (30) 200303190
5 1 3 b :上側夾緊構件 5 1 4 :螺桿 5 1 5 :托架 5 1 6 :夾持具 5 1 7 :齒輪組 5 1 8 :加速感測器 5 1 9 :方向指示燈開關 5 20 :喇叭按鈕 521 :突面 522 :突面 5 2 3 :軸承 5 24 :齒輪（平齒輪） 5 2 5 :齒輪（平齒輪） 5 2 6 :軸承 5 27 :間隔件5 1 3 b: upper clamping member 5 1 4: screw 5 1 5: bracket 5 1 6: holder 5 1 7: gear set 5 1 8: acceleration sensor 5 1 9: direction indicator switch 5 20: horn button 521: protruding surface 522: protruding surface 5 2 3: bearing 5 24: gear (flat gear) 5 2 5: gear (flat gear) 5 2 6: bearing 5 27: spacer
6 00 :動力組 601 :(驅動）電動機 7 0 0 :電池組 7 0 1 :電池箱 7 0 1 a :半月狀肋 7 0 1 b :(凸緣狀之）安裝部 7 0 1 c :插穿孔 7 0 1 d :夾持具 7 0 1 e :卡合部 -34- (31) (31)200303190 7 0 1 f :插穿孔 7 0 2 :二次電池 703 :電池控制器（基板） 704 :蓋 704a :爪片 705 :下保護罩 7 0 5 a、7 0 5 b :插穿孔6 00: Power pack 601: (Drive) motor 7 0 0: Battery pack 7 0 1: Battery box 7 0 1 a: Half-moon rib 7 0 1 b: (Flanged) mounting part 7 0 1 c: Plug Hole 7 0 1 d: Holder 7 0 1 e: Engagement part -34- (31) (31) 200303190 7 0 1 f: Insert hole 7 0 2: Secondary battery 703: Battery controller (substrate) 704 : Cover 704a: claw piece 705: lower protective cover 7 0 5 a, 7 0 5 b: insertion hole
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