TW200302637A - Frequency offset estimating device applicable to channel with intersymbol interference - Google Patents

Abstract

A frequency offset estimating device applicable to channel with inter-symbol interference provides a storage area with M units to firstly shift sampled sequence by M samples in generation of delay sampled sequence. The differential unit conducts differential operation between the received sampled sequence and the delayed sampled sequence to acquire initial value sequence. The power operator next calculates the power of the initial value sequence and then the accumulator calculates the sum of power of the initial value sequence among M samples to get the accumulated value. Subsequently, an angle extractor is used to acquire angle of the accumulated value. The shrinking unit further shrink the angle of the accumulated value in accordance with a specified proportion so as to generate a correct frequency shift estimation value.

Description

200302637 A7 B7 printed by the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs, a consumer cooperative of the invention (1 The technical field to which the invention belongs The invention relates to the field of communication systems # Where & 4 inches is an estimated frequency offset (frequency offset) architecture, applicable to channels with Γ ι ±, state //, and mtersymbol interference situations. The previous technology uses 3¾-inch-inch special-line communication for communication ports. Channels are often affected by channel defects such as multipath transmission noise and noise. With regard to carrier-modulated systems, frequency offsets are generally determined by both the transmitter and receiver in such systems. One reason is that if New Frequency ’s mobile communication is further compounded by the Doppler (d_sentence offset). The importance of correctly decoding the received information is whether the receiving end can quickly capture the frequency and track her. In general, a large solution offset will produce a tracking capability far exceeding the fast phase of the receiver, causing a serious degradation of system performance. Therefore, before the receiver demodulates, how to estimate and compensate for the frequency offset is the decisive factor. Important work on system efficiency. Uranium has developed a frequency offset estimation method based on the ideal conditions of additive white Nongsong noise (AWGN) at noon and evening, but in some cases In applications such as multipath environments, the distortion of the received signal will cause considerable intersymbol interference (ISI). This phenomenon causes additional noise and reduces the performance of frequency offset estimation. The problem of ISI in communication is particularly tricky. When designing an architecture for estimating frequency offset, the existence of ISI must be solved. There are some clues here. Based on the non-linear operation performed on the received signal, Scott et al. Frequency shift > Bayer method, please refer to ..., gimultane〇us Q〇ck Phase anj

Offset Estimation ’IEEE Trans · on Commun ·, Vol. 43, ρρ · 2263-2270,

July 1995. This architecture must calculate the Fourier transform and make some approximations based on the assumption of the channel impulse response. In contrast, Fechte ^ ren reveals the algorithm for estimating the frequency shift of leaves and the channel acquisition algorithm. Please refer to "Fast" (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) -------- Order ---------

297 mm) 200302637 A7 _____B7___ 5. Description of the invention (2)

Synchronization, Frequency Offset Estimation and Channel Acquisition for Spontaneous Transmission over Unknown Frequency-Selective Radio Channels ", Proc · IEEE PIMRC, pp. 229-233, Sep. 1993. Based on the maximum-likelihood criterion: Fechtel's method scans the data segments of the received signal to achieve frequency offset estimation, but the operation of this architecture must be based on an understanding of the received symbols and their timing. In addition, Bahai et al. The display frequency offset value can be estimated by the phase rotation of the channel coefficients, please refer to ...

Offset Estimation Technique for Wireless Channels "in 1997 IEEE

Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications ^ Paris ‘Apr · 1997’ pp · 397-400. Bahai's algorithm still relies on transmitting known symbol samples. Viswanathan et al. Published a method called maximum state-based accumulation (MSA) estimation method. For details, please refer to: A Freq cy Offset Estimation Technique for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels 55 ^ ΙΕΕΕ— ^ η · Letters Vol. 5, pp. 166_168, Apr. 2 00i. However, the operation of this technology must first know the modulation data in the received signal. ^ In terms of "㈣ISHt Doppler Estimation Technology", its shortcomings are highly complex and different, so it is difficult to realize the application in integrated circuits. Summary of the Invention Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs (please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Provide a suitable frequency offset estimation device provided by , Very suitable for implementation in integrated circuits. Another object of the present invention is to provide a frequency offset estimation architecture suitable for an ISI channel without the prerequisite symbols and their timing. A ^ 括 本本 = ^ 露 —_A fresh offset estimation device for the interference channel between symbols, including-storage area,-difference unit,-power operator, its unit, and-scaling unit. Store a single plus serial input and receive

U Regulations (21〇 297 mm) 200302637 Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

Φ ------- 丨 Order-, 丨 丨 丨, ---- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (3) M-spike-like translation, so formation-delayed water sequence. i points are taken early to read. Take _ ^ = and ::-preliminary value order ㈣ power operator receives preliminary values = Γ: 4 4 棊, shoot ρ as a test, use money to get the initial phase: ρ take cry ΪΓ Take 悤 and pure 'and 嶋 礼 is plural. The value of the angle is increased by the angle ’scaling unit—the step depends on the angle being scaled down by 1 / p. The received sample sequence estimates its frequency offset value. 、、、 “The present invention also discloses a frequency offset estimation device composed of a status indicator, a status library, and a difference calculation unit. The status indicator ^ receives the status of Fu Yuanlin, the representative of Fu Yuanlin, Two = material symbols are defined by the most recently received data symbols, where L is: == surgery: degree. The state database has the input-receiving sampling sequence-the first end, the turn-in-one ', the younger brother-the end, and Enter the third end of the above status signal, and the current index is associated with the character symbol. According to the status signal, the status database stores the target data input by the second terminal and the current data input by the terminal. , And ~ ^ mesh just captures the miscellaneous state of the symbol and the previous received samples and their associated r ^, its towel, ⑽ positive integer. The difference unit to receive the sample sequence order is currently receiving the same sign obtained by the state The M previous received samples of the meta state are different to obtain a preliminary value sequence. According to the current index associated with the M current received samples and the M silk received samples of the same symbol state as described above_ Previous Quoting the _ index difference, each calculation order 4 is allowed to enter a preliminary sequence of values corresponding to Thoron. In addition, each calculation unit can preferably include an -accumulator, -disambiguation, and -scaling unit. In the sampling sequence M, between each sampling, each accumulator takes the sum of the initial value sequence, and accumulates the sums belonging to the same index difference to generate a -accumulated value, and the added value is a complex number. Each angle

Applicable standards for this paper size ^) A4 size d 297 mm) 200302637 A7 B7 Five invention description (4 angles used to obtain the accumulated value, each zoom unit will then use the corresponding angle ㈣ _ 子 然 杂 出 as a preliminary Fresh offset values, among them: Therefore, these calculation units generate a plurality of preliminary frequency offset values. Add to the receiver pair ③ walker partial bias scale = column to estimate its frequency offset value. Receiving sampling sequence Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

The embodiments make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more compelling. The following is a detailed description of the following conventional examples and the accompanying drawings, as follows: a. The present invention discloses a so-called "state basis To calculate the frequency offset using a state-based, “aCCUmUlatlon '(SDA)” algorithm, starting with the introduction of the SDA algorithm and its phase_mathematical derivation. Assuming that the channel change is slow enough, the channel can be regarded as fixed between the viewing axis. The signal of the reduction of the listening time can be expressed as KO = Aejeej ^ Ydkg {t ~ kry w (t) A represents the channel gain and is scalar. (scalar) Θ represents the phase offset 00 (1 represents the angular frequency offset dk represents the k transmitted data symbols ㈣ she called g (t) represents the equivalent pulse of the integrated transmitter, receiver and channel The response τ represents the symbol period w (t) represents the additional complex noise samples r (t) at the sampling rate M / T, and then a received sample sequence rW is obtained.

An]

Aep ejc〇’i Υλ Τ Μ kT \ + Τλ Μ

(Please read the notes on the back before filling this page); 0 -------- Order

200302637 A7 V. Description of the invention (5: ω ({Τ 2 Aeje e Μ

among them

AejeAn fd η 'λ ice, coffee] + ψ] η · ~ Μ ^ cl ~ ωά' Τ means-the angular offset of a symbol period represents the discrete time (a · — ·) signal w obtained by y g (t) [n] = w (i) Μ represents the distance from w (t). Actually, the impulse response will be intercepted in the doorway, assuming the finite length of the team payment period, without losing the- Bu 20, V, 2 ·. Plus -1)} If + and then the received sampling sequence becomes r [lM + i \ = Aej8e 1 r / 7,-, yt ^: θ [(/ -moxibustion) from + Z] + 0jCidi1 + i

lfc) + W [72], / eZ (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) where X (Sri) = Aeje Υ ^ ά ^ [{ΐ ^^ Μ k = l ~ L / Intellectual Property of the Ministry of Economic Affairs The seal of the Bureau ’s Consumer Cooperatives was defined as the skin energy during the first symbol. The state is based on the current data symbol and L past data symbols "# 疋 碎 难, ·), it can be seen that only Depends on these L + H „material symbols. %to make. 1SI correlation! The same! And the same state of the receiving samples can be used to remove the channel rate offset, if the noise term is ignored, for any \ " ancient calculus χ (ν · Μν): [μ / + /] and 4 from + /] are differentiated & uim = η \ Μ + i \ r * [lxM + i]-ejilAl2 ~ h) · x (^, /) paper Standards apply to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specifications (210 x 297 male shame)

------- —Order ---------. 200302637 A7 V. Description of the invention (6 ,, & represents a complex conjugate operation. The angular product of ~ contains a frequency offset : F signal, so according to the following formula, the angular frequency offset is 0-1 / /, and middle ^ _ 1 is called the index difference. The operation process contains a noise factor, in order to reduce the noise term The resulting estimation error, accuracy, and estimation accuracy of the frequency offset estimation device can accumulate the results of several differential operations before taking the angle. Due to the factors of different phases (eQh_t), the above differential junction f is different for different The index difference must be accumulated separately. Therefore, the accumulated value _ can be obtained by calculating the difference from the following formula? '°, for the same Δ / M ~ \ /, Nakachi ~, and' ㈣ '' in each data symbol. The sampling and listening are the same, and the difference is ^ is the 2 value of the heart data symbol: In other words, for any two received samples corresponding to the same state and the index interval is also left, the results of the difference calculation are accumulated; t 'So the frequency offset estimate can be printed from the cumulative 0 The ambiguity caused by phase wrap_sewrap_around) is the reason _ horn production limit = big analysis _ there are warriors, so you must consider to avoid ~ the analyzable range is too small, which makes it impossible to handle large differences. The weighted average of the obtained frequency offset estimation value is calculated as Δ /

t ϋ Β (CNS) A4 (210 χ 297 mm) 200302637 rJ ^ + z] = ^; -r [lM + i] RJ, A7 V. Description of the invention (7 2 '' corresponds to the index difference Δ / = 1,2, the implementation of the calculation ^ Inference rules, not only consider the weighted average operation but also try to choose the appropriate weighting coefficient to reduce the estimation error, = the second formula is to use equal weight 'or weighted ^ in advance Calculated m uses the count _ to dynamically obtain the output of each △ / and then applies the value provided by the count series to generate the weighting coefficient. When the size of the set of symbol elements is, the possible symbols are transferred to the sampling sequence, and the noise is also ignored. In the case of the term, its operation V \ ΐλ / Τ, · Ί 7 * Γ.. + Z where it is learned that the phase rotation of the received sampling sequence will cause the symbol pattern to perform the same phase rotation, and the rotated The state becomes ^ ~ heart ... batch I2 丨 In terms of phase shift key mg (PSK) modulation, the last term in L is constant, so the number of out-of-order states is reduced by M. More common The way is to rotate the phase from the mapping function of the data (mappmg also touches) instead of a complex number of vehicles. Frequency (spread spectrum) communication system, if the periodic spread spectrum code or the spread of the spread spectrum shed, which ship shape can be considered as pulse wave shaping (% shaping), thinking Y and incorporated into the special pulse Responding. Because the proposed structure of the present invention does not know the pulse wave shaping or the impulse response of the channel, the present invention can also be applied to exhibitions -------------_-------- Order ----- (Please read the notes on the back before filling this page) Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs

200302637 A7 B7 Printed by the Intellectual Property Office of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and Consumer Affairs Co., Ltd. V. Invention Description (8) Frequency communication system. The solution offset estimation device designed according to the SDA algorithm of the present invention, as shown in the figure, at the receiving end, the sequence of data symbols 101 and the sequence system of receiving samples are input to the estimation device respectively. Indicator 11 and state library 12, where n is a discrete-time argument. The status indicator 11 is used to generate a status post representing the status of the symbol, and provides a status signal to the status database 12 (|. The symbol status ^ is composed of _ the current data symbols and the most recently received data symbols "— ^: The length of the L-channel delay distribution is defined as 1. As shown in the figure, the estimation device includes a -shift register 保留 to retain the most recently received corrupted symbols from Xu Qing. In order to explain the first one more clearly The estimation device in the figure will be further explained with the _ fine block diagrams in Figure 2 and Figure 3. The state library 12Q has the input sampling sequence +] of the -end 121: Enter the current index / 2 The second terminal 123 and the third terminal 125 'of the input status signal, wherein the mu index & is associated with the current data symbol 4, and the current index & is generated by a unit number of 170. According to the discussion above, Receiving Sampling Sequence +] can be expressed as (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) ΦΙ — —Order --------- ^ This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification X 297 Public love) 1 'where the state is small] the number of samples of each data symbol, and 0515 with 1 ... Referring to FIG. 2, the state library 120 is composed of a demultiplexer 21o, a multiplexer 22o, and a deletion storage area 23o, and becomes 1-0 and; ^ represents the number of possible symbol states M "on each side The storage area 23 has M units 232 to store and retrieve the M samples in the receiving sampling sequence. In addition, each store, area = 0 and a unit 2M to store and retrieve the relevant index. According to the status signal, the solution The multiplexer 210 assigns the M current received samples and their associated current indexes in 2] to its J storage area 230, which corresponds to the symbol status & represented by the status signal, and The multiplexer 220 selects the symbol status represented by the status signal & which corresponds to: a storage area 230, and the selected storage area 230 outputs M previously received samples and their associated Xianli indexes, of which the M currently The received samples and the above M previous received samples belong to the same state A. Thus, depending on the symbol state &, the state library 12 fetches the M previously received samples and their associated previous indexes, that is, the initial + /] and (And related to the status of Fu Yuanyuan 200302637 A7 Ministry of Economic Affairs Printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Property Bureau-, Description of Invention (9) The current receiving samples and their associated current indexes, namely r | /, M + /: storage area. Next, the 'differential unit 13' is for the same symbol state, Cut + q and M + to perform a dfferential operation to obtain a sequence of preliminary values to be used as the middle unit. M includes a complex number operator 132 and a complex multiplication port. The complex number difference is 132. Each sample in turn is used to perform an operation to generate M, first 'gpr * ^ + zl: The input of each sample is used to perform the operation. The complex multiplier 134 calculates the product of the handle and 4M + / 1, as follows ^ = 4μ + / Ι · " [^ + ^^ 〇Λ ..., μμ, where ~ represents a sequence of preliminary values, and M, s is a positive integer. In addition, the current index / far previous index will be It is sent to the subtractor 19 to obtain the index difference between the two, that is, in the figure i, the difference is single-cut 0 and a plurality of calculation units 14G are connected to a divider 16o. According to the index difference △ /, it is divided into g⑶6. The initial value from the domain subunit 相 is transferred to the corresponding calculation unit 140, and the subtraction method is performed. The front index difference △ / of ~. Referring to Figure 3, each calculation unit includes an accumulator 343, an angle extractor, and a detail unit 347. The accumulative benefit 343 takes the initial value sequence relative to the received sampling sequence. M-per-data symbol, the sum between samples, and accumulating all total t belonging to the relative index difference to an accumulative value. According to the present invention, it is best to set a -power operation before accumulator 343 UM1 to strengthen the solution of the offset estimation device to improve its performance. The multiplication screen operator 341 is used to calculate the p-th power (p〇wer) of each preliminary value: ^ (U ~ H / 2M + i]. ' [/, M +, t, for postal, ..., where P represents an exponent used to obtain a power and is an integer greater than 丨, for example, but is not limited to the present invention in a narrow sense, p: 2. According to the above formula, U is a power-of-two form of the sequence of preliminary values, so the accumulator 343 double-adds (^) (d〇uble_mati㈣ to obtain) and ^ 'to update the corresponding storage (please first Read the notes on the back and fill in this page) · -------- 1T ---------. This paper rule relies on the word _Jun (CNSM4 200302637 A7

， Combining Μ, which have the same symbol state; outer sum, cumulative force σ value / = 〇Μ ′-\ Wherein, inner sum, / = 〇 with ′ M ′-\ ΣΣ ^ ,, Λ °, the same is accumulated The total internal difference of the cable bow 1 Δ /, while _ stands for 廍 μ

Difference △, the cumulative value. According to the present invention, M cannot be larger than M ′, the cable bow is woven, and _ is passed to the collision request as the above intermediate. The angle of accumulative value obtained by the 345 battle, that is, the system of justice: the cumulative value is extracted by the angle of △ /) divided by the corresponding index difference Δ / 347, and then the product of the difference and the number P To obtain ρ · M and -π < β (Δ /) < π where W represents a preliminary offset value of the corresponding index difference Δ /. These calculation units M0 in the estimation device are then provided with a -weighting calculator 15G for calculating these preliminary offsets === ㈣. The weighting calculator 150 applies the following formula to all two ^ = z4〇c (a /) · ^ Δ / where Ω " represents the estimated frequency offset, and 0 (△ /) table :: r0 5 The figure shows the frequency offset estimation device 1 in the reduced state according to the present invention. The same symbols shown in the figure represent similar components, /, 420, 430. A total of devices are used to generate data symbols when they are turned: they turn the head and place the clothes «set 4_material symbol sequence_bit rotation, and the phase will be reversed: Zi = meta sequence = * ► f I 1Φ ---- ---- tl --------- ^ wwlf C Please read the notes on the back before filling this page)

This paper size is if gg home fresh (CNS) A4 specifications ⑵-: 297 mm 200302637 This paper size is applicable to China A7 V. Description of the invention (U y ';' Conjugate complex number of current data symbols, < The form of the multiplication of the two, so the symbol state & " after the rotation can be expressed as, [two-shot version of the symbol reduction sadness. Phase inversion equipment 42⑽ to make the received sampling sequence phase 而, and The received sequence of the received samples is the common car complex number 资料 of the data symbols received, which is a form of multiplication. Then rR [n \ = rR [lM + /] = d * · r \ lM + /] The passing receiving sampling sequence is applied to the first end of the status detail. Assume that the following is reduced from < +1 shrinking < It is impossible to estimate the solution offset and timing information, so you need a kind of non-data-assisted = ^ type ___, na __ = know the received data symbols, the state of the database solution is multiplexed, and " Only one shift register is kept to store the «« sample sequence, the principle mentioned for _ = _ = delete still applies to the nda type _ partial = difference, difference unitary, power difficult 541, 5n = and zoom unit 547. The storage area 52 is in the ancient state, and the state 545 is used to receive the sampling sequence sample sequence via the above _Γ as early as ^, called _ phase called _ spine formation delay In this example, the 'storage area 520 is a shift temporary storage difference unit 530 of a unit, which is used to make a difference between + and +, and perform a difference operation between the two. Run ^ = ^ 值 ^ 当 物 _' such as As shown in the figure, the difference unit is composed of a number to σ complex multiplier 534, and a total complex operator 532 is used to generate a delay ^ (CNS) A4 (2W: 297 mm)

Order · (Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) 200302637 A7 B7 V. Description of the invention (12) M]: Sampling sequence + one M] total light complex number, which is the product of M] two, as follows: u [n] ^ r [nlr ^ [n ~ -M) where η represents a discrete time point. The angle extractor 545 can directly display the degree, and delete the brown unit 53. After that, the multiplication screen operator M is added, and 1 = extracts Wei between 5 cents and Xiao degree. The rotation operator 541 uses each of the preliminary values from the table difference / knife unit 53 to calculate the final? The power of the power, that is, (small) beans 1 = 0 = 2_541 count _ she and, so # (+]) 2 = 4 [4, [„Addiction]) 2, assuming ρ = 2 Of course, the multiplier used in the present invention The power operator 541 can be applied to the deduction. The accumulator 54 ″ takes the sum of ψ] as ... This method uses the angle extractor 545 to obtain the angle of the cumulative and value-added V. Then, the # is reduced by the ratio of ι / p, that is, the frequency deviation can be estimated in this way. Shift A. To sum up, because the present invention has a relatively low calculation complexity, it is easy to "in the integrated circuit chip" Moreover, the present invention proposes-Zhong Qing narrows the present invention to two: == Without deviating from the present invention 4 μ Min Qichang ”, within the spirit and consumption of Baiyue, you can make some changes and run 297 mm); the calculation of the complex multiplier and

(Please read the precautions on the back before filling this page) IAW ------- — Order ---------. National Standards (cns) A4 200302637 A / _Β7 Description of the invention (13), so the protection scope of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the appended patent application. (Please read the precautions on the back before filling out this page) Order --------- tf Printed by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 6 1 This paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) A4 Specification (210 X 297 mm) 200302637 A7 B7 V. Explanation of the invention (14) Brief description of the figure The figure is a block diagram of the frequency offset estimation device of the present invention. The figure 2 is a detailed block diagram of the lwt inspection; In the figure, a detailed block diagram of a calculation unit; FIG. 4 is a Wei diagram of the county rail_fresh offset tree installation i; and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of another embodiment of the present invention. Symbol description 101 ~ Sequence of symbol states; 120 ~ State library; 123 ~ Second end of state library; 130 ~ Differential unit; 134 ~ Complex multiplier; 150 ~ Weighted operator; 170 ~ Counter; 190 ~ Subtractor; 220 ~ multiplexer; 341 ~ power operator; 345 ~ angle extractor; 410 ~ conjugate device; 520 ~ storage area; 532 ~ conjugate complex number operator; 541 ~ power operator; 545 ~ angle extractor ; ~ Receive sampling sequence; Heart ~ current index. 110 ~ state indicator; 121 ~ first end of state library; 125 ~ third end of state library; 132 ~ conjugate complex number operator; 140 ~ calculation unit; 160 ~ distributor; 180 ~ shift register; 210 ~ Demultiplexer; 230 ~ Storage area; 343 ~ Accumulator; 347 ~ Scaling unit; 420,430 ~ Phase inversion device; 530 ~ Differential unit; 534 ~ Complex multiplier; 543 ~ Accumulator, 547 ~ Scaling Unit; / ~ current data symbol; this paper size applies to China National Standard (CNS) Ai specifications (210 x

Claims (1)

200302637 D8 6. Scope of patent application, two: == ^-positive integer; I Shengyan "sample sequence, Cai, M series first: ΪίΪΪ 接 ": between the sample sequence and the delayed sampling sequence-angle Raise ㈣Γ in order to take # material m and 2. If Shen Er uses 1 to get the angle of the intermediate f material as ―frequency offset r value. The unit includes at least the frequency offset estimation device described in item 1 of the perimeter of Ligan, in which the above-mentioned difference and a coplanar number operator are used to generate a total light complex number of the above delayed sampling sequence. , Η does not contain the upper sub-unit from +, the resident sub-unit of the rib material (47KW ·, [卜 Af]) ρ where P represents the number of powers to be obtained and is greater than-scaling private, _ in the above After the angle extractor, the ratio of the angle foot / ρ is reduced and rounded out as the above-mentioned frequency offset value. The material size of the 18th edition of the paper is applicable to the Chinese national standard of 297 mm. 200302637 VI. Application for patent scope 4. The accumulator described in item 3 of the patent scope shall be used in the above-mentioned exponentiation operation. Contains at least -V = mn \ r [nM] y such as ^ · Department etc. = the frequency offset estimation device described in item 3 of the patent scope, wherein the frequency of the above-mentioned scene number p lin symbol element channel is said to be " The set contains at least a place, an indicator, and a receive-sequence data symbol, which is used to generate a symbol representing 4 hands. The symbol status is defined by the current data symbol: Fu Wu, where L is a first positive integer. ⑼ Beibei's turn, has the input-receiving sampling sequence-the first-end, the input-currently the previous data: and, and the third end of one of the status signals input, the current index is related to the Project No. 2 Beike M is associated with the "state database, based on the state signal, the age 4 index of the second ancient mountain 2 index and the title of the current data symbols entered by the _ end hundred" sample Γ, the previous one of the state of the symbol and symbol of the data of Ajenna and the 5 Haimu Yu Collect talents and "associated-previous index", where M is a second positive integer; a difference of 7 knives is used for the above M current receiving sampling spears in the receiving sampling sequence k = obtained from the library Perform a difference operation between the above M previously received samples in the same symbol state, and then obtain a preliminary value sequence as intermediate data; and a plurality of calculation units, according to the current index associated with the M currently received samples And the index difference of the previous index associated with the ¥ previous received samples of the same symbol state, each of the above calculation units receives the preliminary value sequence corresponding to the index difference, and each of the upper counting units includes at least an angle The extractor is used to obtain the intermediate data. From the angle of this paper, the Chinese national standard (CNS) A4 regulations (210 X 297 mm) are applied. 200302637 6. Patent application park: It is the first contact with the object. The frequency offset is generated by a value of 1 = the weighted average operation is performed according to the frequency described in the production inventory to the reversion term. The above M current sampling samples are first input samples and their above; ^^ 目 响 丨, and the last M are removed: ===== Among the above-mentioned f states in the sample phase, which corresponds to- Each of the above-mentioned stored state signals represents the element shape = ;;: The above-mentioned symbols represented by the Qing Zeng state signal have previously received "« _ 社; 一 的 _ 面-上 纲 上 的 above-mentioned element secrets. Head ~ New Zealand sampling and employment The scales of the previous samples that belong to the same unit are magnetic and magnetic. The printed sequence M produced by the Consumer Cooperatives of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs above generates a total of the above-mentioned lion-like samples from the wall and received rain samples; And the Wei operator in the sample sequence is used to calculate the product of the above-mentioned receiving and taking = private Wei_, and it is rotated out as the above-mentioned preliminary value sequence, the product This paper size is applicable to China National Standard (CNS) A4 specification (21 × 297 mm) ζM (called, for Δ / = / Η 胸, 1,. · I i 200302637 VI. Patent application scope u: m = η1 Μ · δ / where ,,, and superscript * indicate a complex operation of a total number of vehicles, M, is a third positive integer and the subordinate, beside (represents the above-mentioned current members associated with the above-mentioned M, the current receiving sampling, and 7 representatives The above-mentioned previous index " fine correction sample like '4' associated with the above-mentioned M and the previous received samples represents the number of yoke received samples and the number of yoke, and ... represents the above-mentioned preliminary value sequence. The frequency offset estimation device described in item 8 assigns 1 ", which is connected between the above-mentioned difference unit and a plurality of calculation units, and ^ two pairs are from the predicate unit community step value sequence ~ to pole Zeng L0 · The frequency offset estimation device as described in the patent outline, wherein each-the above-mentioned include-power operator is input to the above-mentioned difference unit, and is used to transform the order p-th power of the value: ^ U = (4 is called life + zt, for 1KU, ..., ⑽ where P is the power of the power- And it is an integer greater than i, and (U is the P-th power form of the initial value sequence. ',) Term === 〇 term: the frequency offset estimation device described above, where every-on W rn ,, r Watson Cheng, Cheng, Xinhe to generate an accumulated value, and the; added value to the above-mentioned angle extractor as the above-mentioned intermediate data, where the accumulated value is a restatement of the outline f11 rhyme depolarization _ Xian, Cai Every-The above-mentioned additions are double-summed to obtain the above-mentioned accumulated value. F ^) = ZIkJp # I Order printed by the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs 200302637 Sixth, compared to M of the above-mentioned sampling sequence, there are one sample outside the scope of the patent application, among which an internal sum, 0 gas interval = phase_element state (% up-external sum, difference △ / of the _, and (Ca) represents that the calculation unit corresponding to the above-mentioned at least further includes a reduction of each of the above i values, where the product of the above-mentioned preliminary frequency offset 糸 51 difference of the Saga and the above-mentioned power P. The scaling unit sets the angle ^^ of the above-mentioned accumulated value), where the product of the above-mentioned power p, such as τ •• divided by the above-mentioned material difference Λ / and the above ~~~ zv (ai) P 1, And —π < Z ^ /) < 7I, Zhongpi /) represents the preliminary frequency offset value corresponding to the index difference Δ obtained from the angle extractor and representing the index difference Δ. The value of the frequency offset estimation device described above, wherein the above-mentioned weighted average is 4 ^ to the above-mentioned frequency and the plurality of preliminary frequencies are more robust ω ^ ς4ο? Φ /) · ^ Δ / —its towel A silk The estimated value of the money transfer on the side of the agency, not mother-the above-mentioned index difference △ / corresponds to the predetermined weighting coefficient. In addition, please follow the frequency shift estimation of the 6th Gu Shi to include the following: =: before = Generate the ^ (21〇x29Ti ^ T 200302637 six in the above received sampling sequence that is associated with the above symbol). The scope of patent application 17. If the scope of patent application item 6 ::: guangcaqa == number more "contains: the phase-changed data ^ sequence is used to phase-rotate the sequence of upturned material symbols, and the number The above-mentioned status indicator provides the data symbols received by the above status ^ ^ 3 The above current data symbols and the L most recently received current symbol sequences are the above data symbol sequence and the previous & I. The form of multiplication of the two yoke numbers; and * Originally set to use the above received sampling phase as the target m, = = phase-converted connection sequence ^^ bit _, and will be light The form of the complex number. The pure sampling sequence follows the above-mentioned current data, and the frequency offset estimation described by the patent secretary is used, where the above-mentioned scene is used for the frequency offset estimation device of the spurious channel: at least Contains: a positive integer; and the sequence of taking slaves, where M is the first to proceed: the sequence and the delay Between the sampling sequence, the Consumer Cooperative of the Intellectual Property Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs prints out the secret number, and the accumulated value is a complex number; 中 M is a younger brother and two regular integers-the angle H is extracted to obtain the added limb; as well as The paper ruler _ — (210_ 297 mm) 200302637 A8 B8 C8 D8 VI. The angle of the patent application scope added value is reduced by a ratio of 1 / p to generate a frequency and a scaling unit to estimate the cumulative offset. value. : Please refer to the frequency offset estimation device described in item 19 of the patent scope, and the subunit includes at least: wherein the above difference and a conjugate complex operation are used to generate the conjugate complex j li of the above delayed sampling sequence, and Multiplying knowledge 'is used to calculate the co-ordination of the above-mentioned received sampling phase and the above-mentioned delayed sampling sequence = _, and input _ the above-mentioned wonderful value trace = the conjugate complex number of the illegal sampling sequence in the sequence table, column, and η A discrete-time argument. Order above