TR2024001986A2 - A METHOD FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING SOAP AND OBTAINING CLEAN WATER - Google Patents
A METHOD FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING SOAP AND OBTAINING CLEAN WATERInfo
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- TR2024001986A2 TR2024001986A2 TR2024/001986 TR2024001986A2 TR 2024001986 A2 TR2024001986 A2 TR 2024001986A2 TR 2024/001986 TR2024/001986 TR 2024/001986 TR 2024001986 A2 TR2024001986 A2 TR 2024001986A2
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- Prior art keywords
- wastewater
- soap
- water
- hard
- processes
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001448 anionic polyelectrolyte Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001424 calcium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005183 environmental health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Fe] FBAFATDZDUQKNH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920006318 anionic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013064 process characterization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003911 water pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Abstract
Buluş, bilhassa çelik sanayisinde üretim prosesleri sonucunda elde edilen sabun içeren atık suların, arıtılıp tekrardan kullanılabilir hale gelmesini sağlayan bir arıtma yöntemi ile ilgilidir.The invention relates to a purification method that enables soap-containing wastewater obtained as a result of production processes, especially in the steel industry, to be purified and reused.
Description
TARIFNAME SABUN IÇEREN ATIK SUYUN ARITILMASI VE TEMIZ su ELDESI içiN BIR YÖNTEM TEKNIK ALAN Bulus, bilhassa çelik sanayisinde üretim prosesleri sonucunda elde edilen sabun içeren atik sularin, aritilip tekrardan kullanilabilir hale gelmesini saglayan bir aritma yöntemi ile ilgilidir. ÖNCEKI TEKNIK Sabun içeren atik su genellikle evsel, ticari veya endüstriyel kaynaklardan gelen ve sabun, deterjanlar, yüzey aktif maddeler, yaglar ve diger temizlik maddeleri içeren kirlenmis suyu ifade etmektedir. Metal temizleme ve hazirlama islemlerinde, sogutma ve yaglama islemlerinde, yüzey isleme ve kaplama islemlerinde kullanilan su islemler sonucunda sabun içeren atik sular olmaktadir. Bu atik sularin yönetimi, çelik sektöründe önemli bir çevresel sorumluluk olusturmaktadir. Çünkü bu atik sular, dogrudan çevreye salindiginda zararli etkilere neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle atik sularin aritilmasi, hem çevresel düzenlemelere uyum saglamak hem de sürdürülebilir üretim pratiklerini desteklemek için hayati öneme sahiptir. Aritim süreçleri, atik sudaki zararli maddelerin etkisiz hale getirilmesini, suyun yeniden kullanilabilir hale getirilmesini ve çevresel etkilerin minimize edilmesini hedeflemektedir. Sabun içeren atik sularin geri kazanimi için ilgili teknik alanda uygulanan birçok teknik bulunmaktadir. Bu teknikler, özellikle suyun tekrardan nerede kullan ilacagina bagli olarak degiskenlik gösterip; birbirlerine karsi üstünlüklere ve dezavantajlara sahiptir. Sabun içeren atik sularin aritimi için sedimentasyon, flotasyon koagülasyon, flokülasyon, klorlama veya ozonlama, aktif çamur sistemleri, aerobik ve anaerobik aritma, ters ozmoz, filtrasyon islemleri, UV isinlarina tabi tutma gibi teknik yöntemler uygulanabilmektedir. Sert su, içerisinde yüksek miktarda kalsiyum ve magnezyum iyonlari içeren su türüdür. Bu mineraller, genellikle suyun yer alti kaynaklarindan geçerken kireç tasi, kalsit, dolomit gibi minerallerle temas etmesi sonucunda suya karismaktadir. Çelik sektöründe özellikle kuyu sularinin islemlerde kullanildigi düsünülürse hem yeraltindan elde edilen suyun sert olmasi hem de üretim proseslerinden kaynakli sularin sertlesmesi söz konusu olmaktadir. Bu nedenle çelik sektöründe üretim prosesleri sonucunda elde edilen su oldukça sert bir su olup; tekrardan kullanimi ve çevre için zararin önlenmesi aritma islemlerine tabi tutulmasi gerekmektedir. Çelik sektöründe, üretim islemleri esnasinda kullanilan sularin tekrardan kullanilabilir veya desarj edilebilir kaliteye getirmek için sertliklerinden veya içerisinde kirlilik olarak yer alan sabunlarindan veya diger bilesenlerinden arindirilmasi gerekmektedir. Ilgili teknik alan için çelik sektöründe kullanilan sert ve sabun içeren atik sularin tekrardan kullanilabilir veya desarj edilebilir hale gelmesi için teknik çözüm ve avantaj sunan yeni tekniklerin gelistirilmesi gerekmektedir. BULUSUN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Çelik üretim proseslerinin her asamasinda oldukça yüksek miktarlarda suyun kullanimi söz konusudur. Tüm islemler sonucunda elde edilen sularin geneli ise oldukça yüksek miktarda deterjan-sabun içeren atik sular ve sertlik olusturan bilesenleri içeren atik sulardir. Bunlarin tekrardan temiz ve kullanilabilir su haline getirilmesi, hem çevre sagligi hem de üretim prosesleri için kullanilacak suyun eldesi için kritiktir. Üretim prosesleri için sürekli temiz sularin kullanilmasi, hem prosesler için maliyet olusturmakta hem de su kaynaklarinin tükenmesine neden olmaktadir. Bu nedenle mevcut bulus sahiplerinin öncelikli hedefi, çelik üretimhanesinden elde edilen sabun içeren atik suyun, aritilmasi ve tekrardan temiz su olarak kullanilabilir hale getirilmesi için bir yöntem ortaya koymaktir. Mevcut bulus sahiplerinin birincil diger hedefi, sabun içeren atik suyun aritimi için maliyetleri düsük bir yöntem ortaya koymaktir. Mevcut bulus sahiplerinin birincil diger hedefi, sabun içeren atik suyun aritimi için islemlerin kisa sürelerde gerçeklestirilebildigi bir yöntem ortaya koymaktir. Mevcut bulus sahiplerinin birincil diger hedefi, sert sularin aritilmasi için bir yöntem ortaya koymaktir. Mevcut bulus sahiplerinin ikincil hedefi, çelik üretimi için üretimhanelerde kullanima uygun atik sulardan aritma islemleri ile temiz sularin eldesidir. Bu sayede, çelik üretimhaneleri için sürekli su kaynaklarindan elde edilen temiz sularin kullanilmasi engellenerek hem maliyetlerin düsmesi saglanabilmekte hem de çevre sagligi korunabilmektedir. Mevcut bulus sahiplerinin diger ikincil hedefi, sabun içeren atik suyun aritimi için alternatif bir yöntem ortaya koyarak ilgili teknik alan için teknik ögreti saglamaktir. BU LUSUN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI Bu detayli açiklamada bulus konusu, sabun içeren atik sularin, aritilmasi ve yeniden kullanima uygun temiz su haline getirilmesi için bir yöntem ile ilgili olup, sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik hiçbir sinirlayici etki olusturmayacak örneklerle açiklanmaktadir. Bu bulusta sabun içeren atik sular derken, çelik üretimi islem adimlarinda kullanilmasindan kaynakli bünyesinde temizlik ve yikama islemlerinde kullanilan sabun ve deterjan atiklari, çesitli kimyasal katki maddeleri, koruyucular ve renklendiriciler, kirlilikler içeren atik sular kast edilmektedir. Kimyasal kompozisyonu oldukça kompleks yapidadir. Mevcut bulusta konu edilen sabun içeren atik sular, çelik sektöründeki üretimhanelerden elde edilen atik sulardir. Fakat bulusta koruma talep edilen yöntemin, sadece çelik sektöründeki atik sularin aritilmasi için uygulanan bir yöntem olmadigini teknikteki uzman kisi tarafindan bilinmelidir. Mevcut bulusta, sabun içeren atik sularin aritma islemleri öncesinde karakterizasyonu hakkinda bilgiler verilmektedir. Ayrica bulusta konu edilen yöntemin, sanayiye uygulanabilir teknik çözüm ve avantajlara sahip bir yöntem oldugunun tespiti ve kaniti için burada bahsedilen sabun içeren atik suyun islemler öncesi karakterizasyonu referans olarak kullanilacaktir. Buna göre, islemler öncesi sabun içeren atik suyun karakterizasyonu Tablo 1'de paylasildigi gibidir ve isbu detayli açiklamada referans 1 olarak adlandirilacaktir. Numune pH KOI Demir Klorür Iletkenlik Bulaniklik Tablo 1. Referans 1 numunesinin karakterizasyon degerleri. Bu bulusta KOI degeri, Kimyasal Oksijen Ihtiyaci anlamina gelen ve suyun içindeki organik kirleticilerin miktarini belirlemek için kullanilan bir ölçüttür. KOI degeri, suyun içindeki organik maddelerin oksitlenmesi için gereken oksijen miktarini miligram/litre (mg/L) cinsinden ifade etmektedir. Bu deger, özellikle atik suyun aritilmasi ve su kirliliginin izlenmesi açisindan önemlidir. Bu bulusta aritma islemleri uygulanan sabun içerikli atik suyun islemler sonucunda KOI degerinin en fazla 200 mg/litre degerine sahip olmasi beklenmektedir. Bu bulusta konu edilen sabun içeren atik suda, yüksek miktarda demir ve klorür bulunmasi söz konusudur. Aritma islemlerinin, hedeflenildigi sekilde gerçeklestigini göstermek için yüksek demir ve klorür degerlerinin de belli miktarlara düsürülmesi gerekmektedir. Bu bulusta sabun içeren atik sularin, yüksek bulaniklik ve iletkenlik degerlerine Bulaniklik, atik su askida katki ne ölçüde sahip olmasi söz konusudur. içerisindeki maddelerinin miktarini ve bunlarin isigin su içinden geçisini engellediginin ölçütüdür. Iletkenlik ise suyun yüksek tuzluluk degerini ve diger çözünmüs minerallerin miktarini ifade etmektedir. Her iki parametre de, sabun içeren atik sularin karakterizasyonu ve aritma süreçlerinin etkinliginin degerlendirilmesi için önemlidir. Bulaniklik ve iletkenlik degerlerinin belirlenmesi, suyun kalitesini ve aritilmasi gereken kirlilik düzeyini gösterir, ayrica aritma islemlerinin tasarimi ve optimizasyonu için gerekli bilgileri saglamaktadir. Mevcut bulusa konu aritma yönteminde öncelikli hedef sabun içeren atik suyun aritilmasidir. Bu aritma yöntemi için kullanilacak kaynak ise çelik üretim islem adimlarindan elde edilen yüksek sert atik sularidir. Yani bulusa konu aritma yönteminde sabun içeren atik suyun aritma islemleri için kaynak olarak sert atik sulari kullanilmaktadir. Bulusta kaynak olarak kullanilan sert atik suyun karakterizasyonu Tablo 2'de paylasilmakta ve kaynak 1 olarak ifade edilmektedir. Numune pH KOI Demir Klorür Iletkenlik Bulaniklik Tablo 2. Kaynak olarak kullanilacak sert atik suyun karakterizasyonu Teknikte de bilindigi üzere suyun sertlik degeri, bünyesinde yer alan kalsiyum karbonat ve magnezyum karbonat cinsinden litre basina miligram (mg/L) miktari olarak ifade edilmektedir. Bunun degeri ne kadar yüksekse su 0 kadar serttir. Ilgili teknik alanda çelik üretiminde kullanilan kaynak su olarak yer alti suyu tercih edilmektedir. Fakat bu sert suyun kullanimi için yumusatilmasi gerekmektedir. Söz konusu yumusatma islemleri için ters ozmos prosesleri uygulanmaktadir. Ters ozmos prosesleri ile elde edilen suyun proseslerde kullanilmasi ile yine sert su eldesi söz konusu olmaktadir. Bulusta konu edilen sert atik suyun sertlik degeri 2500 ila 3000 mg/Iitre CaCOs arasinda bir degerdir. Bu bulusta kullanilan temel teknik ögreti, sert suyun sabunu çökeltme kapasitesine sahip olmasidir. Sabun bilesenleri, sert suda önemli miktarda bulunan kalsiyum ve magnezyum iyonlari ile etkilesime tabi tutularak çökmekte ve sabun içeren atik suyun dibinde kalmaktadir. Mevcut bulus bu teknik ögretiden faydalanarak kaynak olarak sert atik sularin kullanildigi, sabun içeren atik sularin aritilmasi için bir yöntem ortaya koymaktadir. Buna göre bulusa konu yöntem asagidaki islem adimlarini içermektedir: - sabun içeren atik suyun eldesi, - sabun içeren atik suya, aritma islemleri için kaynak olarak kullanilacak sert atik suyun eklenmesi ve karistirma isleminin uygulanmasi, burada sözü edilen ekleme isleminin hacimce sabun içeren atik su:sert atik su olacak sekilde 1:5 ila arasinda bir degerde olmasidir; - karistirma islemleri sonrasinda sabun içeren atik su içerisindeki sabunun ve sert su atik su çözeltisi içerisindeki sertlik yaratan bilesenlerinin çökelme islemleri için beklenmesi. Mevcut bulusta sabun içeren atik sularin pH degeri 11-12 (Tablo 1'de gösterildigi gibi) araligindadir. Bu pH degerlerinin demirin optimum çökme pH degerlerine getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu deger mevcut bulus sahipleri tarafindan belirlendigi üzere 9,5- araliginda pH degeridir. pH degerlerinin bu degerlere inmesi için gerekli olan sert atik su miktari isleminin hacimce sabun içeren atik su:sert atik su olacak sekilde 1:5 ila arasinda bir degerdir. Tercih edilen bir uygulamada sabun içeren atik su ve sert atik su karisimina en az bir anyonik polielektrolit eklenmektedir. Anyonik polielektrolik karisima hacimce 1 ila 3 mL araliginda bir degerde eklenmektedir. Tercih edilen bir uygulamada karistirma islemi oda sicakliginda gerçeklestirilmektedir. Söz konusu karistirma islemi, tercihen hizli ve/veya yavas olarak kademeli bir sekilde en az 15 dakika en fazla 60 dakika olacak sekilde gerçeklestirilmektedir. Tercih edilen bir uygulamada karistirma islemlerinin mükemmellestirilmesi için teknikte bilinen kompleks veya basit karistirici unsurlari kullanilabilmektedir. Bu bulusta konu edilen yöntem sayesinde sert atik sularin kaynak olarak kullanilmasi ile sabun içeren atik sularin aritimi mümkün olabilmektedir. Aritimi gerçeklestirilen sabun içeren atik su için gerçeklestirilen karakterizasyon islemlerinde asagidaki Tablo 3'te paylasilan karakterizasyonlar elde edilebilmektedir. Bulusta konu edilen yöntem ile elde edilen aritilmis su için numune 1 ifadesi kullanilacaktir. Burada teste tabi tutulan numune 1 için 500 mL sabun içeren atik suya 100 mL degerinde sert atik su ve 2 mL bir anyonik polimer kullanilmaktadir. Numune pH KOI Demir Klorür Iletkenlik Bulaniklik Tablo 3. Aritma islemleri sonucunda elde edilen Numune 1'in karakterizasyonlari. Referans 1 için paylasilan Tablo 1'deki karakterizasyon degerlerine göre Tablo 3'te elde edilen Numune 1 karakterizasyon degerlerinin oldukça düsük oldugu açiktir. Buna göre bulusta konu edilen yöntemin, sabun içeren atik sularin aritimi için sabun ve benzeri kirlilik yaratan bilesenlerin çökmesini mümkün kilarak aritilan suyun biyolojik olarak temiz su olmasini sagladigi tespit edilmektedir. Yapilan deney sonucunda sert atik suyun, sabun içeren atik sudaki demir ve KOI gibi parametreleri düsürdügü ispatlanmistir. 500 ml sabun içeren atik su için 150 mL ve 200 mL sert atik sularin kaynak olarak kullanildigi deney düzeneklerinde de benzer sonuçlar elde edilmistir. Mevcut teknikte, sabun içeren atik suyun aritimi için ilk olarak yüksek pH degerlerinin düsürülmesi için yüksek miktarda asit çözeltilerinin kullanilmasi söz konusuydu. Akabinde pH'in kabul edilebilir degerleri gelmesi için ilave çözeltilerin kullanilmaktaydi. Bulusa konu yöntemde pH degerlerinde özellikle islem adimlarinin uygulanmasi gerekmemektedir. Öyle ki, sabun içeren atik su ve sert atik su aritim islemleri için bir araya getirildiklerinde elde edilen temiz suyun pH degerleri kabul edilebilir pH degerlerindedir. Bu deger Tablo 3'te gösterilmektedir. Mevcut bulusta hedeflenen kaynak olarak sert atik sularin kullanilmasidir. Burada kaynak olarak sert atik sularin kullanilmasi, bir nevi bu bahsedilen atik sularin da aritimini saglamaktadir. Sonuç olarak çelik üretiminden elde edilen iki tip sabun içeren atik su ve sert atik suyun ayni anda aritimi sayesinde temiz su elde edilebilmektedir. Bu islemler için kompleks aritma sistemlerinin, cihazlarinin ve pahali bilesenlerin kullanilmasina gerek duyulmamistir. Iki atik suyun, reaksiyon ortaminda bir araya getirilerek sadece reaksiyonun hizlanmasi için karistirma islemlerinin gerçeklestirilmesi ile hedeflenen aritma islemleri gerçeklestirilebilmektedir. Mevcut bulusa konu yöntemde atik sularin kaynak olarak kullanilmasi söz konusu oldugundan herhangi bir yüksek maliyet olusumuna da neden olmamaktadir. Bulusa konu yöntem ile birlikte oldukça maliyetleri düsük ve kompleks olmayan islemleri gerçeklestirilmesi yeterli olmaktadir. Bulusun koruma kapsami ekte verilen istemlerde belirtilmis olup kesinlikle bu detayli anlatimda örnekleme amaciyla anlatilanlarla sinirli tutulamaz. Zira teknikte uzman bir kisinin, bulusun ana temasindan ayrilmadan yukarida anlatilanlar isiginda benzer yapilanmalar ortaya koyabilecegi açiktir. TR TR DESCRIPTION A METHOD FOR PURIFICATION OF WASTE WATER CONTAINING SOAP AND OBTAINING CLEAN WATER TECHNICAL FIELD The invention relates to a purification method that enables the waste water containing soap obtained as a result of production processes, especially in the steel industry, to be purified and used again. BACKGROUND ART Soap-containing wastewater generally refers to contaminated water from domestic, commercial or industrial sources that contains soap, detergents, surfactants, oils and other cleaning agents. As a result of water processes used in metal cleaning and preparation processes, cooling and lubrication processes, surface treatment and coating processes, wastewater containing soap is created. Management of these wastewaters constitutes an important environmental responsibility in the steel industry. Because these wastewaters can cause harmful effects when released directly into the environment. Therefore, treating wastewater is vital to both comply with environmental regulations and support sustainable production practices. Purification processes aim to neutralize harmful substances in wastewater, make water reusable and minimize environmental impacts. There are many techniques applied in the relevant technical field for the recycling of wastewater containing soap. These techniques vary depending on where the water will be reused; They have advantages and disadvantages over each other. Technical methods such as sedimentation, flotation coagulation, flocculation, chlorination or ozonation, activated sludge systems, aerobic and anaerobic treatment, reverse osmosis, filtration processes, and exposure to UV rays can be applied for the treatment of wastewater containing soap. Hard water is a type of water that contains high amounts of calcium and magnesium ions. These minerals generally mix with water as a result of contact with minerals such as limestone, calcite and dolomite while passing through underground sources. Considering that especially well water is used in processes in the steel industry, both the hardness of the water obtained from the underground and the hardening of the water resulting from the production processes are in question. For this reason, the water obtained as a result of production processes in the steel industry is quite hard water; It must be subjected to purification processes to prevent reuse and harm to the environment. In the steel industry, the water used during production processes must be purified from its hardness or any soaps or other components it contains as impurities in order to bring it to a reusable or dischargeable quality. For the relevant technical field, new techniques that offer technical solutions and advantages need to be developed to make hard and soap-containing wastewater used in the steel industry reusable or dischargeable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Very high amounts of water are used at every stage of the steel production processes. The water obtained as a result of all processes is generally wastewater containing high amounts of detergent-soap and wastewater containing hardness-forming components. Turning these into clean and usable water again is critical for both environmental health and obtaining water to be used in production processes. The constant use of clean water for production processes creates costs for the processes and causes depletion of water resources. Therefore, the primary goal of the present inventors is to introduce a method to purify the soap-containing waste water obtained from the steel production plant and make it usable as clean water again. The primary goal of the present inventors is to provide a low-cost method for the treatment of wastewater containing soap. The primary goal of the present inventors is to provide a method in which processes can be carried out in a short time for the treatment of wastewater containing soap. Another primary goal of the present inventors is to provide a method for purifying hard water. The secondary goal of the present inventors is to obtain clean water through purification processes from waste water suitable for use in production plants for steel production. In this way, by preventing the use of clean water obtained from permanent water sources for steel production plants, costs can be reduced and environmental health can be protected. Another secondary goal of the present inventors is to provide technical teaching for the relevant technical field by providing an alternative method for the treatment of soap-containing wastewater. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In this detailed explanation, the subject of the invention is related to a method for purifying waste water containing soap and turning it into clean water suitable for reuse, and is explained only with examples that will not create any limiting effect for a better understanding of the subject. In this invention, when we say wastewater containing soap, we mean wastewater containing soap and detergent wastes used in cleaning and washing processes, various chemical additives, preservatives and colorants, and impurities due to their use in steel production process steps. Its chemical composition is quite complex. The soap-containing wastewater that is the subject of the present invention is the wastewater obtained from production plants in the steel industry. However, it should be known by the expert in the art that the method for which protection is claimed in the invention is not a method applied only for the treatment of wastewater in the steel industry. In the present invention, information is given about the characterization of wastewater containing soap before treatment processes. In addition, the pre-process characterization of the soap-containing waste water mentioned here will be used as a reference to determine and prove that the method mentioned in the invention is a method with technical solutions and advantages applicable to the industry. Accordingly, the characterization of wastewater containing soap before the processes is as shared in Table 1 and will be referred to as reference 1 in this detailed explanation. Sample pH COD Ferric Chloride Conductivity Turbidity Table 1. Characterization values of the reference 1 sample. In this invention, COD value is a criterion that means Chemical Oxygen Demand and is used to determine the amount of organic pollutants in water. The COD value expresses the amount of oxygen required for the oxidation of organic substances in water in milligrams per liter (mg/L). This value is especially important for purifying wastewater and monitoring water pollution. In this invention, the soap-containing wastewater treated with treatment processes is expected to have a COD value of at most 200 mg/liter as a result of the processes. The waste water containing soap, which is the subject of this invention, contains high amounts of iron and chloride. In order to show that the purification processes are carried out as intended, high iron and chloride values must be reduced to certain amounts. In this invention, waste water containing soap has high turbidity and conductivity values. Turbidity is the extent to which the waste water contributes to the suspension. It is the measure of the amount of substances in the water and the extent to which they prevent light from passing through the water. Conductivity refers to the high salinity value of the water and the amount of other dissolved minerals. Both parameters are important for the characterization of soap-containing wastewater and for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment processes. Determination of turbidity and conductivity values indicates the quality of the water and the level of pollution that needs to be treated, and also provides the necessary information for the design and optimization of treatment processes. In the purification method subject to the present invention, the primary target is the purification of waste water containing soap. The source to be used for this treatment method is the high hard wastewater obtained from the steel production process steps. In other words, in the purification method subject to the invention, hard wastewater is used as a source for the purification processes of wastewater containing soap. The characterization of hard wastewater used as a source in the invention is shared in Table 2 and is referred to as source 1. Sample pH COD Iron Chloride Conductivity Turbidity Table 2. Characterization of hard waste water to be used as a source. As it is known in the art, the hardness value of water is expressed as the amount of milligrams per liter (mg/L) in terms of calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate contained in it. The higher this value is, the harder the water is. In the relevant technical field, groundwater is preferred as the source water used in steel production. However, this hard water must be softened before it can be used. Reverse osmosis processes are applied for the softening processes in question. Hard water is also obtained by using the water obtained through reverse osmosis processes in the processes. The hardness value of the hard wastewater subject to the invention is between 2500 and 3000 mg/litre CaCOs. The basic technical tenet used in this invention is that hard water has the capacity to precipitate soap. Soap components interact with the calcium and magnesium ions present in significant amounts in hard water and precipitate and remain at the bottom of the waste water containing soap. By taking advantage of this technical teaching, the present invention presents a method for the purification of wastewater containing soap, using hard wastewater as a source. Accordingly, the method subject to the invention includes the following process steps: - obtaining waste water containing soap, - adding hard waste water to the waste water containing soap, which will be used as a source for purification processes, and applying the mixing process, where the said addition process is obtained by volume of waste water containing soap: hard. It is a value between 1:5 and waste water; - After the mixing processes, waiting for the soap in the soap-containing waste water and the hard water components in the hard water waste water solution to precipitate. In the present invention, the pH value of wastewater containing soap is in the range of 11-12 (as shown in Table 1). These pH values must be brought to the optimum pH values for iron precipitation. This value is the pH value in the range of 9.5 as determined by the present inventors. The amount of hard wastewater required for the pH values to decrease to these values is between 1:5 and 1:5, such that waste water containing soap: hard wastewater by volume. In a preferred embodiment, at least one anionic polyelectrolyte is added to the mixture of soap-containing wastewater and hard wastewater. The anionic is added to the polyelectrolic mixture in a volume range of 1 to 3 mL. In a preferred embodiment, the mixing process is carried out at room temperature. The mixing process in question is carried out gradually, preferably quickly and/or slowly, for at least 15 minutes and at most 60 minutes. In a preferred embodiment, complex or simple mixer elements known in the art can be used to perfect the mixing processes. Thanks to the method mentioned in this invention, it is possible to purify wastewater containing soap by using hard wastewater as a source. In the characterization processes carried out for treated wastewater containing soap, the characterizations shared in Table 3 below can be obtained. The expression sample 1 will be used for the purified water obtained by the method mentioned in the invention. Here, for sample 1 tested, 100 mL of hard wastewater and 2 mL of an anionic polymer are used in 500 mL of soap-containing waste water. Sample pH COD Iron Chloride Conductivity Turbidity Table 3. Characterizations of Sample 1 obtained as a result of the purification processes. Compared to the characterization values in Table 1 shared for Reference 1, it is clear that the Sample 1 characterization values obtained in Table 3 are quite low. Accordingly, it has been determined that the method mentioned in the invention enables the precipitation of soap and similar polluting components for the treatment of wastewater containing soap, thus ensuring that the treated water becomes biologically clean water. As a result of the experiment, it has been proven that hard wastewater reduces parameters such as iron and COD in wastewater containing soap. Similar results were obtained in experimental setups in which 150 mL and 200 mL hard wastewater was used as a source for 500 ml of soap-containing wastewater. In the current technique, high amounts of acid solutions were first used to reduce high pH values for the treatment of wastewater containing soap. Additional solutions were then used to bring the pH to acceptable values. In the method subject to the invention, it is not necessary to apply any special processing steps at pH values. So much so that when soap-containing wastewater and hard wastewater are brought together for treatment processes, the pH values of the clean water obtained are at acceptable pH values. This value is shown in Table 3. The aim of the present invention is to use hard wastewater as a source. Using hard wastewater as a source here, in a way, provides the purification of these wastewaters. As a result, clean water can be obtained by simultaneous purification of waste water containing two types of soap obtained from steel production and hard waste water. There is no need to use complex purification systems, devices and expensive components for these processes. Targeted purification processes can be achieved by bringing two wastewaters together in the reaction medium and mixing only to accelerate the reaction. Since wastewater is used as a resource in the method of the present invention, it does not cause any high costs. With the method of the invention, it is sufficient to perform very low-cost and uncomplicated operations. The scope of protection of the invention is specified in the attached claims and cannot be limited to what is explained in this detailed description for exemplary purposes. Because it is clear that a person skilled in the art can produce similar structures in the light of what is explained above, without deviating from the main theme of the invention. TR TR
Claims (1)
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TR2024001986A2 true TR2024001986A2 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
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