TR2023008640A2 - EAR CLEANING PRODUCT FOR CATS AND DOGS - Google Patents
EAR CLEANING PRODUCT FOR CATS AND DOGSInfo
- Publication number
- TR2023008640A2 TR2023008640A2 TR2023/008640 TR2023008640A2 TR 2023008640 A2 TR2023008640 A2 TR 2023008640A2 TR 2023/008640 TR2023/008640 TR 2023/008640 TR 2023008640 A2 TR2023008640 A2 TR 2023008640A2
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- dogs
- cats
- cleaning product
- feature
- ear cleaning
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Abstract
Buluş, kedi ve köpeklerde kullanımında otitisde Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Staphylococcus aureus gibi bakterilerin neden olduğu inflamasyona karşı antimikrobiyal tedavi sağlayan kedi ve köpekler için kulak temizleme ürünü ile ilgilidir.The invention relates to an ear cleaning product for cats and dogs that provides antimicrobial treatment against inflammation caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in otitis when used in cats and dogs.
Description
TARIFNAME KEDI VE KÖPEKLER içiN KULAK TEMIZLEME ÜRÜNÜ Teknik Alan Bulus, kedi ve köpeklerde kullaniminda otitisde Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Staphylococcus aureus gibi bakterilerin neden oldugu inflamasyona karsi antimikrobiyal tedavi saglayan kedi ve köpekler için kulak temizleme ürünü ile Bulusun Altyapisi Kulak; kabaca dis kulak, iç kulak ve orta kulak olarak üç bölüme ayrilan bir duyu organidir. Kulaklar sayesinde kisi, disaridan gelen sesleri isitebilir. Bunun yaninda kulagin vücut dengesini saglama gibi önemli bir görevi daha bulunmaktadir. Kulakta rahatsizliklar ortaya çiktiginda ise görece küçük olan bu organdaki problemler bütün vücudu kötü etkileyebilmekte ve yasam kalitesini oldukça düsürebilmektedir. Günümüzde bilindigi kadariyla kisinin hayatini olumsuz etkileyen birçok kulak hastaligi bulunmaktadir. Bu kulak hastaliklari; kulak çinlamasi, kulak tikanikligi, kulak nezlesi, dis kulak iltihabi, orta kulak iltihabi, kulakta asiri kir olusumu, kulak zari delinmesi, vertigo, akustik nörinom, meniere, dis kulakta olusan egzama, otoskleroz, kolesteatom ve kulakta sivi toplanmasi seklinde siralanabilir. Bu hastaliklar insanlarda görüldügü gibi hayvanlarda da sik sik görülebilmektedir. Hayvanlarda, özellikle metisiline dirençli stafilokoklarda çok dirençli bakterilerin ortaya çikmasi, neredeyse tüm oral antibiyotiklere dirençli bakteri suslarini ortadan kaldirmak için alternatif terapötik yaklasimlara ihtiyaç oldugunu kanitlamaktadir. Çesitli öneriler arasinda, yüzey cilt enfeksiyonlarini tedavi etmek için antiseptikler de dahil olmak üzere antimikrobiyal ürünlerin topikal kullanimi önerilmektedir. Bu yaklasimin, sistemik antibiyotiklerin aksine öncelikle enfeksiyon bölgesinde etki etme özelliginden dolayi topikal ürünler olarak kommensal mikrofloradaki antimikrobiyal direnci azaltmaktadir. Gram-negatif ve Gram-pozitif bakteriler, köpeklerde siddetli otitis eksterna, dermatit ve sistit vakalarindan siklikla sorumludur. Siklikla, bu durumlar kronik hale gelir ve su anda parenteral veya topikal uygulama için mevcut olan formülasyonlarla tedavi edilmesi zorlasir, çünkü bu enfeksiyonlarla baglantili bakteriler çoklu antibiyotik direnci gelistirir. Bu hastaliklar genellikle kroniktir ve basarili bir sekilde tedavi edilmesi zordur. Gerekli uzun süreli veya tekrarlanan antibiyotik tedavisi hayvanlari tahris edebilir, bu da daha sonra elleçlemeye karsi toleranssiz hale gelebilir ya da sistemik tedaviyi zayiflayabilir. Bu durum, yaygin olarak kullanilan antibiyotiklerin antimikrobiyal etkilerini güçlendirebilecek bilesiklerin rolünü arastirmaya yöneltmektedir. Etilendiamin tetra-asetik asit (EDTA) bakterilerin hücre yüzeylerine zarar vermede aktiftir. Iki degerlikli katyonlar, özellikle Mg2+ ve Ca2+, hem Gram-pozitif hem de Gram-negatif bakterilerde hücre duvari ve sitoplazmik membran üzerindeki anyonik baglanma yerleri (lipopolisakkaritlerin fosfat kalintilari, teikoik asitler, fosfolipidler) için aminoglikozidlerle rekabet eder. EDTA'nin bu iki degerlikli katyonlari selatlama, hücre duvari geçirgenligini degistirme ve ribozom stabilitesini degistirme yetenegi ile bakteriyel peptidoglikan biyosentezinin ilk adimina müdahale edebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte mikroorganizma, DNA enzimleri aktiviteleri için iki degerlikli katyonlara, özellikle Mg2+'a ihtiyaç duyar. Böylece EDTA kullanimi, mikroorganizma için hayati öneme sahip olaylara dahil olarak antimikrobiyal etkiyi güçlendirebilmektedir. Bu etki mekanizmasi Tris EDTA, antiseptikler ve sistemik antibiyotikler de dahil olmak üzere diger antimikrobiyallerle birlikte uygulandiginda, büyük olasilikla bakteri hücresine penetrasyonlarini artirarak sinerjik bir etki ile sonuçlanir. Çesitli glikollerin bakterisidal aktivitesi bilim adamlari olan Robertson ve arkadaslari tarafindan incelenmistir. Pnömokoklar, hemolitik streptokoklar ve stafilokoklar için bir dizi glikolün bakterisit etkisini in vitro arastirmislardir. Propilen, dipropilen ve trietilen olmak üzere üç glikol daha kapsamli olarak incelenmistir. Baska bilim adami olan Olitzky ayrica konsantre propilen glikol çözeltilerinin mikrop öldürücü etkinligi hakkinda da rapor sunmustur. Diger bilim adami olan Plitman ve arkadaslari test organizmasi olarak Staphylococcus aureus kullanarak birkaç diolün bakteriyostatik ve bakterisidal aktivitesini arastirmistir. Bilim adami olan Vaamonde ve ark., polietilen glikol , bir 8. aureus susu üzerinde, önemli bir inhibitör etkiye sahip oldugunu göstermistir. Bu çalisma, konsantre PEG 400'ün enfekte yaralar ve diger yüzeysel lezyonlarla ilgili çesitli patojenik bakterilere karsi bakterisidal etkisini arastirmak için gerçeklestirilen arastirmalari anlatmaktadir. Incelenen bakteri türleri arasinda 8. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Escherichia coli bulunmaktadir. Diger kulak bakim ürünlerinde kullanilan klorheksidinin, düsük konsantrasyonlarda bile diseti fibroblastlari, yenidogan fibroblastlari gibi çesitli insan hücre tipleri için toksik oldugunu açiklamistir. Yapilan in vivo çalismalar, klorheksidin bag dokusu hücreleri veya saglam epitel ile kapli olmayan hücreler ile temas ettiginde, belirgin sitotoksik etkiler üretebilecegini göstermektedir. Köpek eksternal otitisinde, sistemik antimikrobiyallerin, enfekte kulak kanalinda bulunan mumsu eksüdada terapötik konsantrasyonlara ulasmasi olasi degildir. Bunun yerine, tek basina veya topikal antibiyotiklerle kombine antiseptik ürünlerle yikama da dahil olmak üzere lokal antimikrobiyal tedavi önerilen tedavidir. Çogu ürün antibakteriyel, antifungal veya antiinflamatuar aktiviteye sahip bir veya daha fazla bilesenle birlikte seruminolitikler, büzücüler, stabilizatörler ve antimikrobiyal bilesenlerin çözünürlügünü ve aktivitesini artiran yüzey aktif maddeler içerir. Bulus, teknigin bilinen durumunun asildigi, dezavantajlarinin giderildigi, ilave olarak ekstra avantajlar içeren kedi ve köpekler için kulak temizleme ürünü ile ilgilidir. Bulus, piyasada bulunan tamami alkol türevli ürünlerin aksine biyolojik antimikrobiyal etkisi kanitlanmis EDTA ve PEG 400 ana maddesi olan bir üründür. Bununla birlikte, klorheksidin glukonat gibi antisepsis özelliginin yani sira çesitli insan hücre tipleri için toksik etkili ürün kullanimi söz konusu degildir. Özellikle otitis eksterna vakalarinda antibiyotikler ile sistemik tedavi yerine lokal tedavi ile kisa sürede etkili sonuçlar sunar. Böylece, enfeksiyon bölgesinde etki etme özelliginden dolayi antibiyotiklerin olumsuz sonuçlarindan ya da yan etkilerinden kaçinilmis olur. Bulusun faydalari olarak; tamamen alkol ve türevlerinden olusmamakta, biyolojik antimikrobiyal etkisi kanitlanmis hammadde kullanilmaktadir. Ürün bilesenleri düsük konsantrasyonda etkili çözüm sunmakta ve mevcuttaki ürünlerden farkli olarak PEG 400 kullanilmaktadir. Kimyasal ürün içerigi daha az olmakla birlikte ciltle uyumludur. Ayrica rakip ürünlerin bileseni olan klorheksidin glukonatin toksik etkisinden kaçinmaktadir. Bulusun yapisal ve karakteristik özellikleri ve tüm avantajlari asagida yazilan ayrintili açiklama sayesinde daha net olarak anlasilacaktir ve bu nedenle bu degerlendirmenin de bu sekiller ve ayrintili açiklama göz önünde bulundurularak yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Bulusun Detayli Açiklanmasi Bulus, kedi ve köpeklerde kullaniminda otitisde Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Staphylococcus aureus gibi bakterilerin neden oldugu inflamasyona karsi antimikrobiyal tedavi saglayan kedi ve köpekler için kulak temizleme ürünü asagidaki detayli açiklamada hiçbir sinirlayici etki olusturmayacak sekilde açiklanmaktadir. Ürünün kalitatif formülü olarak deiyonize su, Tris HCI, EDTA, etil elkol, PEG 400, izopropanol kullanilmaktadir. 0 Deiyonize su çözücü olarak görev yapmakta olup %70 -%80 oraninda bulunmaktadir. 0 Tris HCI temizleyici olarak görev yapmakta olup %1,5-%5 oraninda bulunmaktadir. o EDTA selatlayici olarak görev yapmakta olup %1,5-%5 oraninda bulunmaktadir. 0 Etil Alkol çözücü olarak görev yapmakta olup %1-%2,5 oraninda bulunmaktadir. 0 PEG 400 stabilizatör olarak görev yapmakta olup %1,5-%5 oraninda bulunmaktadir. 0 Izopropanol çözücü olarak görev yapmakta olup %1,0-%2,5 oraninda bulunmaktadir. Bulusun elde edilmesinde kullanilan analiz basamaklari olarak; o Belirtilen oranlarda deiyonize su, Tris HCI, EDTA, etil elkol, PEG 400, izopropanol kullanilmasi, o Mikroorganizmanin görünür büyümesini önledigi en düsük konsantrasyonunu belirlemek için yapilan deneysel metot olan minimum inhibitör konsantrasyon (MlK) analizinin yapilmasi (Tris-HCI için %1,5; EDTA için %1,5; Etil alkol için 0 Ilk inokulumda %99,9'luk bir azalma olarak tanimlanan bakterisidal öldürmeyi saglamak için gereken antimikrobiyal maddenin en düsük konsantrasyonunu belirlemek için yapilan deneysel metot olan minimum bakterisidal konsantrasyon (MBK) testi yapilmasidir. Bilesimdeki maddelerin bir arada kullanimi, antimikrobiyal sinerjik etki olusturur. Minimum inhibatör konsantrasyonu testi ve minimum bakterisidal konsantrasyon çalismalari yapilmaktadir. Sterilize edilmis HDPE siselerde satisa sunulmaktadir. Etilendiamin tetra-asetik asit (EDTA), iki degerlikli katyonlar, özellikle Mg+2 ve Ca+2, hem Gram-pozitif hem de Gram-negatif bakterilerde hücre duvari ve sitoplazmik membran üzerindeki anyonik baglanma yerleri için aminoglikozidlerle rekabet eder ve baglanmasina sebep olur. EDTA'nin bu iki degerlikli katyonlari selatlama, hücre duvari geçirgenligini degistirme ve ribozom stabilitesini degistirme yetenegi ile bakteriyel peptidoglikan biyosentezinin inhibe eder. Bununla birlikte mikroorganizma, DNA aktivitelerini yerine getiremez. Böylece EDTA kullanimi, mikroorganizma için hayati öneme sahip olaylara dahil olarak antimikrobiyal etkiyi güçlendirir. Bu etki mekanizmasi, Tris EDTA, antiseptikler ve sistemik antibiyotikler de dahil olmak üzere diger antimikrobiyallerle birlikte uygulandiginda, büyük olasilikla bakteri hücresinin yayilmasini engelleyerek ölümü ile sonuçlanir. Polietilen glikol , bir 8. aureus susu üzerinde, önemli bir inhibitör etkiye sahip oldugu bilinmektedir. Konsantre PEG 400'ün enfekte yaralar ve diger yüzeysel lezyonlarla ilgili çesitli patojenik bakterilere karsi bakterisidal etkileri incelenmektedir Incelenen bakteri türleri arasinda köpeklerdeki otitisin temel sebepleri olan 8. aureus, KIebsie/Ia pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ve Escherichia coli bulunmaktadir. Birçok alkolün antimikrobiyal etkisi gösterilmis olmasina karsin, etil alkol, izopropil alkol antiseptik olarak daha yaygin kullanilmaktadir. Alkoldeki alkil zincirin uzunlugu ve dallanma durumu da antimikrobiyal aktivitede etkilidir. Sudaki çözünürlükleri etanol ve propanolü diger alkoller arasindan tercih edilir kilmaktadir. Alkoller etkilerini protein denatürasyonu ve koagülasyonu yoluyla gösterirler. Içerdikleri reaktif hidroksil grubu proteinler ile hidrojen bagi meydana getirir ve bu bag proteinin yapisini ve fonksiyonunu bozarak presipitasyona sebep olur. Etanol, %30 ve daha üzeri konsantrasyonlarda güçlü ve çabuk bakterisidal etkiye sahiptir. Mantarlara ve mikobakterilere karsi da etkinligi gösterilmis olan etanolün etki yelpazesi çok genistir. Izopropanol'ün bakterisidal etkisi %30 konsantrasyonundan baslar ve konsantrasyonu arttikça bakterisidal etki de artis gösterir. Alkol içeren dezenfektanlarin çogu, düsük düzey dezenfektan madde olarak bilinen, dezenfektanin ciltteki etkisini uzatan ve ayni zamanda alkolün buharlasmasini geciktiren diger biyosidal kimyasallarla birlikte kullanilirlar. Teknikte uzman bir kisinin bulusta ortaya konan yeniligi, benzer yapilanmalari kullanarak da ortaya koyabilecegi ve/veya bu yapilanmayi ilgili teknikte kullanilan benzer amaçli diger alanlara da uygulayabilecegi açiktir. Dolayisiyla böyle yapilanmalarin yenilik ve özellikle teknigin bilinen durumunun asilmasi kriterinden yoksun olacagi da asikârdir. TR DESCRIPTION EAR CLEANING PRODUCT FOR CATS AND DOGS Technical Field The invention is an ear cleaning product for cats and dogs that provides antimicrobial treatment against inflammation caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in otitis when used in cats and dogs. Background of the Invention: Ear; It is a sensory organ roughly divided into three parts: outer ear, inner ear and middle ear. Thanks to the ears, a person can hear sounds coming from outside. In addition, the ear has another important function, such as maintaining body balance. When ear disorders occur, problems in this relatively small organ can negatively affect the whole body and significantly reduce the quality of life. As far as is known today, there are many ear diseases that negatively affect a person's life. These ear diseases; They can be listed as tinnitus, ear congestion, ear flu, outer ear infection, middle ear infection, excessive wax formation in the ear, eardrum perforation, vertigo, acoustic neuroma, meniere's, eczema in the outer ear, otosclerosis, cholesteatoma and fluid collection in the ear. These diseases can be seen frequently in animals as well as in humans. The emergence of multiresistant bacteria in animals, especially methicillin-resistant staphylococci, proves the need for alternative therapeutic approaches to eliminate bacterial strains resistant to almost all oral antibiotics. Among various recommendations, topical use of antimicrobial products, including antiseptics, is recommended to treat surface skin infections. Unlike systemic antibiotics, this approach primarily acts on the infection site, thus reducing antimicrobial resistance in the commensal microflora as topical products. Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria are frequently responsible for severe cases of otitis externa, dermatitis, and cystitis in dogs. Frequently, these conditions become chronic and difficult to treat with formulations currently available for parenteral or topical application because the bacteria associated with these infections develop multiple antibiotic resistance. These diseases are often chronic and difficult to treat successfully. Necessary long-term or repeated antibiotic treatment may irritate animals, which may subsequently become intolerant to handling or weaken systemic therapy. This leads us to investigate the role of compounds that can potentiate the antimicrobial effects of commonly used antibiotics. Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) is active in damaging the cell surfaces of bacteria. Divalent cations, especially Mg2+ and Ca2+, compete with aminoglycosides for anionic binding sites (phosphate residues of lipopolysaccharides, teichoic acids, phospholipids) on the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. EDTA can interfere with the first step of bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis with its ability to chelate these divalent cations, change cell wall permeability, and change ribosome stability. However, the microorganism requires divalent cations, especially Mg2+, for its DNA enzyme activities. Thus, the use of EDTA can strengthen the antimicrobial effect by being involved in events that are vital for the microorganism. This mechanism of action results in a synergistic effect when Tris EDTA is administered with other antimicrobials, including antiseptics and systemic antibiotics, most likely by increasing their penetration into the bacterial cell. The bactericidal activity of various glycols was studied by scientists Robertson and his colleagues. They investigated the bactericidal effect of a series of glycols against pneumococci, hemolytic streptococci and staphylococci in vitro. Three more glycols, namely propylene, dipropylene and triethylene, have been studied more extensively. Another scientist, Olitzky, also reported on the germicidal activity of concentrated propylene glycol solutions. Another scientist, Plitman and his colleagues, investigated the bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of several diols using Staphylococcus aureus as a test organism. Scientists Vaamonde et al. have shown that polyethylene glycol has a significant inhibitory effect on an 8th aureus strain. This study describes research conducted to investigate the bactericidal effect of concentrated PEG 400 against a variety of pathogenic bacteria associated with infected wounds and other superficial lesions. The bacterial species examined included 8. aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. It has been explained that chlorhexidine, used in other ear care products, is toxic to various human cell types such as gingival fibroblasts and neonatal fibroblasts, even at low concentrations. In vivo studies indicate that chlorhexidine can produce significant cytotoxic effects when it comes into contact with connective tissue cells or cells not covered by intact epithelium. In canine external otitis, systemic antimicrobials are unlikely to reach therapeutic concentrations in the waxy exudate present in the infected ear canal. Instead, local antimicrobial therapy, including flushing with antiseptic products alone or combined with topical antibiotics, is the recommended treatment. Most products contain one or more components with antibacterial, antifungal, or anti-inflammatory activity, as well as ceruminolytics, astringents, stabilizers, and surfactants that increase the solubility and activity of the antimicrobial components. The invention relates to an ear cleaning product for cats and dogs that exceeds the known state of the art, eliminates its disadvantages, and contains additional advantages. The invention is a product with main ingredients EDTA and PEG 400, which have proven biological antimicrobial effects, unlike all alcohol-derived products on the market. However, it is not possible to use products such as chlorhexidine gluconate, which have antisepsis properties and are toxic to various human cell types. Especially in cases of otitis externa, it provides effective results in a short time with local treatment instead of systemic treatment with antibiotics. Thus, negative consequences or side effects of antibiotics are avoided due to their ability to act on the infection site. As the benefits of the invention; It does not consist entirely of alcohol and its derivatives, and raw materials with proven biological antimicrobial effects are used. The product components provide an effective solution at low concentration and, unlike existing products, PEG 400 is used. Although its chemical product content is less, it is compatible with the skin. It also avoids the toxic effects of chlorhexidine gluconate, a component of competing products. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood thanks to the detailed explanation written below, and therefore this evaluation should be made by taking these figures and detailed explanation into consideration. Detailed Explanation of the Invention The invention, an ear cleaning product for cats and dogs that provides antimicrobial treatment against inflammation caused by bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus in otitis when used in cats and dogs, is explained in the detailed description below in a way that does not create any limiting effect. Deionized water, Tris HCl, EDTA, ethyl alcohol, PEG 400, isopropanol are used as the qualitative formula of the product. 0 Deionized water acts as a solvent and is present at a rate of 70% - 80%. 0 Tris HCl acts as a cleaner and is present in the amount of 1.5%-5%. o EDTA acts as a chelator and is present at a rate of 1.5%-5%. 0 Ethyl Alcohol acts as a solvent and is present in the amount of 1%-2.5%. 0 PEG 400 acts as a stabilizer and is present at a rate of 1.5%-5%. 0 Isopropanol acts as a solvent and is present in the amount of 1.0%-2.5%. As the analysis steps used in obtaining the invention; o Using deionized water, Tris HCl, EDTA, ethyl alcohol, PEG 400, isopropanol in the specified proportions, o Performing minimum inhibitory concentration (MlK) analysis, which is an experimental method to determine the lowest concentration that prevents the visible growth of the microorganism (1% for Tris-HCl, 5; 1.5% for EDTA; 0 for ethyl alcohol. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) test is the experimental method used to determine the lowest concentration of the antimicrobial agent required to ensure bactericidal killing, defined as a 99.9% reduction in the first inoculum. The combined use of the substances in the composition creates an antimicrobial synergistic effect. Minimum inhibitory concentration tests and minimum bactericidal concentration studies are carried out. Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), divalent cations, especially Mg + 2 and Ca + 2. It competes with and causes binding of aminoglycosides for anionic binding sites on the cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This ability of EDTA to chelate divalent cations, alter cell wall permeability, and alter ribosome stability inhibits bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis. However, the microorganism cannot carry out DNA activities. Thus, the use of EDTA strengthens the antimicrobial effect by being involved in events that are vital for the microorganism. This mechanism of action is such that when Tris EDTA is administered with other antimicrobials, including antiseptics and systemic antibiotics, it most likely results in the death of the bacterial cell by inhibiting its spread. Polyethylene glycol is known to have a significant inhibitory effect on an 8th aureus strain. The bactericidal effects of concentrated PEG 400 against various pathogenic bacteria associated with infected wounds and other superficial lesions are being studied. The bacterial species examined include 8. aureus, KIebsie/Ia pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, which are the main causes of otitis in dogs. Although many alcohols have been shown to have antimicrobial effects, ethyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol are more commonly used as antiseptics. The length and branching state of the alkyl chain in alcohol also affects antimicrobial activity. Their solubility in water makes ethanol and propanol preferred over other alcohols. Alcohols exert their effects through protein denaturation and coagulation. The reactive hydroxyl group they contain creates hydrogen bonds with proteins, and this bond disrupts the structure and function of the protein and causes precipitation. Ethanol has a strong and rapid bactericidal effect at concentrations of 30% and above. Ethanol, which has also been shown to be effective against fungi and mycobacteria, has a very wide range of effects. The bactericidal effect of isopropanol starts from 30% concentration and as the concentration increases, the bactericidal effect also increases. Most alcohol-containing disinfectants are used in combination with other biocidal chemicals, known as low-level disinfectants, which prolong the effect of the disinfectant on the skin and also delay the evaporation of the alcohol. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can demonstrate the innovation set forth in the invention by using similar structures and/or apply this structure to other areas with similar purposes used in the relevant technique. Therefore, it is obvious that such structures will lack the criteria of innovation and especially surpassing the known state of the technology. TR
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| TR2023008640A2 true TR2023008640A2 (en) | 2023-08-21 |
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