TR2022021277A2 - METHOD OF OBTAINING YEAST EXTRACT FOR USE AS AN AMINO ACID SOURCE - Google Patents

METHOD OF OBTAINING YEAST EXTRACT FOR USE AS AN AMINO ACID SOURCE

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Publication number
TR2022021277A2
TR2022021277A2 TR2022/021277 TR2022021277A2 TR 2022021277 A2 TR2022021277 A2 TR 2022021277A2 TR 2022/021277 TR2022/021277 TR 2022/021277 TR 2022021277 A2 TR2022021277 A2 TR 2022021277A2
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amino acid
yeast
yeast extract
bioethanol
acid source
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TR2022/021277
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Turkish (tr)
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Konya Şeker Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇
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Publication of TR2022021277A2 publication Critical patent/TR2022021277A2/en

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Abstract

Buluş, sıvı gübre ve/veya hayvan yeminde amino asit kaynağı olarak kullanılmak üzere maya özütünün elde edilmesi yöntemi olup, özelliği; biyoetanol tesisinde mayşeden alkol ayrıldıktan sonra elde edilen şilempede bulunan yaşlanmış mayaların otoliz ve hidroliz edilerek maya hücrelerinde bulunan amino asit bakımından zengin maya özütünün elde edilmesi işlem adımlarını içermesidir.The invention is a method of obtaining yeast extract to be used as an amino acid source in liquid fertilizer and/or animal feed, and its feature is; It includes the process steps of obtaining the amino acid-rich yeast extract found in the yeast cells by autolyzing and hydrolyzing the aged yeasts in the slurry obtained after the alcohol is separated from the wort in the bioethanol facility.

Description

TARIFNAME AMINO ASIT KAYNAGI OLARAK KULLANILMAK ÜZERE MAYA ÖZÜTÜNÜN ELDE EDILME YÖNTEMI Teknik Alan Bulus, sivi gübre ve/veya hayvan yeminde amino asit kaynagi olarak kullanilmak üzere biyoetanol üretimi sirasinda kullanilan yaslanmis mayalarin mayseden alinarak maya özütünün elde edilme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin Bilinen Durumu Günümüzde fosil yakitlarin giderek tükeniyor olmasi, ekosistemin tahrip edilmesi, ülkelerin enerjide disa bagimli olmaktan kurtulma ve enerji çesitliligini artirma çabalari biyoetanol gibi yakitlarin önemini arttirmistir. Biyoetanol, hammaddesi seker pancari, misir, bugday ve odunsular gibi seker, nisasta veya selüloz özlü tarimsal ürünlerin fermantasyonu ile elde edilen ve benzinle belirli oranlarda harmanlanarak kullanilan alternatif bir yakittir. Biyoetanol üretiminde nisastanin önce sekere, daha sonra da sekerin dogrudan fermente edilmesiyle biyoetanole dönüstürülmesi ile saglanir. Hazirlama sürecinde biyoetanol üretimi için kullanilacak olan seker nisasta kaynagi (bugday, misir, seker pancari vb.) çekiçli degirmenden geçirilerek ögütülür ve enzim (liquefying enzyme) yardimi ile hücresel yapisi parçalanir. Bu sekilde içindeki nisastanin ortaya çikmasi ve biyoetanol üretimi için daha iyi bir verim elde edilmesi saglanir. Ortaya çikan bu nisasta bir baska enzim (saccarifaction enzyme) yardimi ile sekere çevrilir. Üretimin bu noktasinda parçalanmis nisasta kaynagi, enzim ve sudan olusmus bir bulamaç halindeki sivi, içine maya konularak bir sonraki islem olan fermantasyon ünitesine aktarilir. Fermantasyon sürecinde eklenen maya bulamaçta bulunan seker moleküllerini biyoetanol moleküllerine çevirir. Fermantasyon sonucu elde edilen bulamaç distile edilerek içindeki biyoetanol ayristirilir.Bir diger hammadde olarak seker pancari prosesinden çikan yüksek konsantrasyonlu melas, mayanin aktive olabilecegi konsantrasyona düsürülür. Fermentör ortaminin asitlgi ayarlanir ve maya ilavesinden sonra maya enzimleri ile ortamdaki seker indirgenir. Sonrasinda bu indirgen seker mayalar tarafindan kullanilarak biyoetanol elde edilir. Bitkinin ihtiyacini karsilayan ve birkaç yararli maddeyi içerisinde barindiran tamamlayici maddelere de gübre denir. Gübreler kati gübreler, toz gübreler ve sivi gübreler olarak üç çesit olarak siniflandirilirlar. Bitkilerin ihtiyaç duyduklari besinlerin topraga yada yapraga, sivi formada verilmesini saglayan gübrelere sivi gübreler denilir. Topraktaki etkilesimi kati gübrelere göre daha hizli olan sivi gübreler, bitkiler için oldukça faydalidir. Çözelti halinde (sivi) bulunan organik sivi gübre, dogrudan, sulandirarak veya direk topraga püskürtülerek uygulanabilir. Gübreleme direkt bitkinin yapraklarina, gövdesine ve topragina uygulanir. Bazi çesitleri su ile seyreltilerek kullanilirken, bazi çesitleri direk uygulanabilir. Sivi gübreler içerisinde bulunan makro ve mikro besin elementlerine göre tek sivi gübreler ve kompoze sivi gübreler olmak üzere ikiye ayrilir. Tek sivi gübrelere örnek olarak; amonyum nitrat çözeltisi veya kalsiyum klorür çözeltisi verilebilir. Kompoze sivi gübrelere örnek olarak; NP gübre çözeltisi (azot-fosfor) veya NPK gübre çözeltisi (azot-fosfor-potasyum) verilebilir. Sivi gübre üretiminde farkli amino asit kaynaklarinin kullanilmasi konusunda çesitli çalismalar gerçeklestirilmistir. Bu çalismalardan biri, EP2537823B1 numarali ve "Bitkisel kaynakli aminoasitler ve üretim yöntemi" baslikli patent basvurusuna konu olan bulustur. Yalnizca soya ununun yani sira misir ve bugday proteini açisindan zengin bitkisel kaynakli ham maddelerin kullanildigi, sadece bitkisel kaynakli serbest L amino-asitleri içeren bir bitki büyüme katkisinin üretimine iliskin Celsius'luk bir sicaklikta hidroklorik asit ve su ile beraber hiçbir ön islemden geçmeden es zamanli olarak reaktör içine alinmaktadir. Söz konusu proteinler, 16 serbest L amino asidi içeren bir çözelti saglamaktadir. Söz konusu ürünün fiziksel hali, protein hidrolizi isleminin karakteristik kokusuna sahip kahverengi, 1.2 g/ml yogunlugundaki sividir. Bahsedilen ürün, evrensel bir bitki büyütme katkisi (gübre) olarak kullanilmaktadir. Günümüzde sivi gübre ve hayvan yeminde kullanilan amino asit yurt disindan temin edilmektedir. Tedarik sikintilari, sürekli ayni kalitede ürün bulunamamasi ve klor oranlarinin yüksek olmasi gibi çesitli sorunlar yasanmaktadir. Sonuç olarak mevcut teknikte var olan bu dezavantajlari ortadan kaldiran maya özütüne olan gereksinimin varligi ve mevcut çözümlerin yetersizligi ilgili teknik alanda bir gelistirme yapmayi zorunlu kilmistir. Bulusun Kisa Açiklamasi Mevcut bulus, yukarida bahsedilen gereksinimleri karsilayan, tüm dezavantajlari ortadan kaldiran ve ilave bazi avantajlar getiren sivi gübre ve/veya hayvan yeminde amino asit kaynagi olarak kullanilmak üzere biyoetanol üretimi sirasinda kullanilan yaslanmis mayalarin mayseden alinarak maya özütünün elde edilme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin bilinen durumundan yola çikarak bulusun amaci, biyoetanol üretimi sirasinda kullanilan yaslanmis mayalarin mayseden alinarak sivi gübrede ve/veya hayvan yeminde katki maddesi olarak kullanilmak üzere maya özütünün elde edilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun amaci, yurt disindan tedarik edilen amino asit yerine yerli üretim maya özütü kullanilmasinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, maysede kalan mayalarin daha degerli hale getirilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, kullanilan hammaddenin yerli kaynaklardan temin edilmesi ve tarimsal kökenli olmasi sayesinde tedarik sikintilari, sürekli ayni kalitede ürün bulunmamasi ve klor oranlarinin yüksek olmasi gibi sorunlarin giderilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, maysede kalan mayalarin amino asit içeriginin, piyasada kullanilan ürünler için alternatif olabilecek oranda olmasi sayesinde tarimsal gübrelere kullanilan amino asit için alternatif olarak kullanilabilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun diger bir amaci, maysede kalan mayalarin amino asit ve protein içeriginin zengin olmasi sayesinde hayvansal yemlerde katki maddesi olarak kullanilabilmesinin saglanmasidir. Bulusun yapisal ve karakteristik özellikleri ve tüm avantajlari asagida verilen detayli açiklama sayesinde daha net olarak anlasilacaktir, bu nedenle degerlendirmenin de bu detayli açiklamalar göz önüne alinarak yapilmasi gerekmektedir. Bulusun Detayli Açiklamasi Bu detayli açiklamada, bulus konusu sivi gübre ve/veya hayvan yeminde amino asit kaynagi olarak kullanilmak üzere biyoetanol üretimi sirasinda kullanilan yaslanmis mayalarin mayseden alinarak maya özütünün elde edilme yöntemi sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik örnek olarak ve hiçbir sinirlayici etki olusturmayacak sekilde anlatilmaktadir. Bulus, biyoetanol tesisindeki kullanilmayan mayalarin daha degerli ürün haline getirilmesi amaciyla gelistirilmistir. Bulus temelde; kullanilan hammaddenin yerli kaynaklardan temin edilmesi ve tarimsal kökenli olmasi; amino asit içeriginin, piyasada kullanilan ürünler için alternatif olabilecek oranda olmasi; tarimsal gübrelere kullanilan amino asit için alternatif olarak kullanilabilmesi; ve hayvansal yemlerde protein ve amino asitçe zengin oldugu için kullanilabilmesi açisindan avantaj saglamaktadir. Biyoetanol fabrikasinda, melas hammadde olarak kullanilmaktadir. Fermantasyon tesisinde tercihen 4 adet fermantasyon reaktörü mevcut olup kesikli ve sürekli olarak çalisabilmektedir. Her bir fermentörün ayri ayri karistiricisi, hammadde harmanlama ve emniyet sistemi bulunmaktadir. Fermantasyon prosesinde özel kültür mayasi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) kullanilmaktadir. Bu mayanin üretimi ve çogaltilmasi öncelikle laboratuvar ortaminda baslamak üzere maya çogaltma ünitesinde yapilmaktadir. Fermantasyon prosesi, fermantasyon tank tabanina belirli miktar su ve maya verilerek baslatilmaktadir. Tercihen 12-15 saat araliginda hammadde beslemesi yapilmaktadir. Proses, sürekli sirkülasyon ile sicaklik, pH, briks ve alkol konsantrasyonu kontrolü yapilarak sürdürülmektedir. Toplam 68-72 saatin sonunda fermantasyon sona erdirilerek hacimce, tercihen %10-11 arasi alkollü mayse üretilmekte ve distilasyon ünitesine gönderilmektedir. Etanol fermantasyonu sonucunda çikan karbondioksit, bünyesinde beraberce sürüklenen alkolün geri kazanimi için yikayici kolondan geçirilerek alkolden arindirilmaktadir. Maysede bulunan tercihen evaporatörler ile 60-65 brikte silempe elde edilmektedir. 65 briks silempenin içerisinde; tercihen çözünür potasyum (K20), tercihen %14 oraninda betain, tercihen %2 oraninda maya (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) bulunmaktadir. 65 briks silempede bulunan mayalar aktivitesini kaybetmis yasli mayalar oldugu için tekrar üretimde kullanilmasi verim kayiplarina yol açabilmektedir. Bu sebeple yaslanmis mayalar ayirilarak otoliz edilmekte ve maya hücrelerinde bulunan degerli amino asitler ortaya çikarilarak daha degerli bir ürün elde edilmektedir. Bulusun amaci silempede yaklasik %2 civarinda bulunan yaslanmis mayalari kullanarak otoliz ve hidroliz islemi ile amino asit bakimindan zengin maya özütü elde ederek tarimda organik gübre katki maddesi olarak degerlendirilmesidir. Maysede bulunan tercihen %10-11 oranindaki alkol ayrildiktan sonra 17-18 brikste silempe açiga çikarilmaktadir. Tercihen 17-18 briksteki silempe konik tip seperatör tankina alinmakta ve mayanin çökmesi saglanmaktadir. Çökme tamamlandiktan sonra tercihen 20-25 briksteki maya çamuru lapa pompasi ile reaktör tankina transfer edilmektedir. Ön hazirlik asamasinda; maya kremasi 22 briksten 17 brikse sulandirilarak getirilmektedir. Sülfürik asit kullanilarak pH tercihen 7 civarina ayarlanmaktadir. Maya hücre duvarlarinin gevsemesi ve geçirgenligin artmasi için tercihen 55 °C'de 60 dakika bekletilmektedir. 55-60 °C'de mayanin içerisinde bulunan amino asitler gevsemis hücre zarindan geçerek dis ortama dogru hareket etmektedir. Hidroliz asamasinda; Alcalase enzimi kullanilarak 0,2-0,3 g/100 g maya olacak sekilde reaksiyon tankina eklenmekte ve tercihen 24 saat boyunca 30-35 °C'de hücrelerin parçalanmasi saglanmaktadir. Inaktive asamasinda; maya kremasi 90 °C'de tercihen 10 dakika kadar bekletilerek enzimin aktivitesi düsürülmektedir. TR TR TR DESCRIPTION METHOD OF OBTAINING YEAST EXTRACT TO BE USED AS AN AMINO ACID SOURCE Technical Field The invention relates to the method of obtaining yeast extract by taking aged yeasts from the wort used during bioethanol production to be used as an amino acid source in liquid fertilizer and/or animal feed. State of the Art Today, the increasing depletion of fossil fuels, the destruction of the ecosystem, the efforts of countries to get rid of foreign dependence on energy and to increase energy diversity have increased the importance of fuels such as bioethanol. Bioethanol is an alternative fuel whose raw material is obtained by fermentation of sugar, starch or cellulose-based agricultural products such as sugar beet, corn, wheat and woody plants and is used by blending it with gasoline in certain proportions. Bioethanol production is achieved by first converting starch into sugar and then directly fermenting the sugar into bioethanol. During the preparation process, the sugar starch source (wheat, corn, sugar beet, etc.) to be used for bioethanol production is ground through a hammer mill and its cellular structure is broken down with the help of enzyme (liquefying enzyme). In this way, the starch in it is revealed and a better efficiency is achieved for bioethanol production. This resulting starch is converted into sugar with the help of another enzyme (saccarifaction enzyme). At this point of production, the liquid, which is a slurry consisting of broken starch source, enzyme and water, is transferred to the fermentation unit, which is the next process, by adding yeast into it. The yeast added during the fermentation process converts the sugar molecules in the slurry into bioethanol molecules. The slurry obtained as a result of fermentation is distilled and the bioethanol in it is separated. As another raw material, the highly concentrated molasses resulting from the sugar beet process is reduced to the concentration where the yeast can be activated. The acidity of the fermenter environment is adjusted and after the addition of yeast, the sugar in the environment is reduced by yeast enzymes. Afterwards, this reducing sugar is used by yeasts to obtain bioethanol. Complementary substances that meet the needs of the plant and contain several useful substances are also called fertilizers. Fertilizers are classified into three types: solid fertilizers, powder fertilizers and liquid fertilizers. Fertilizers that provide the nutrients that plants need in liquid form to the soil or leaves are called liquid fertilizers. Liquid fertilizers, which interact with the soil faster than solid fertilizers, are very beneficial for plants. Organic liquid fertilizer in solution (liquid) can be applied directly, by diluting or by spraying directly onto the soil. Fertilization is applied directly to the leaves, stem and soil of the plant. While some types can be used by diluting with water, some types can be applied directly. Liquid fertilizers are divided into two groups: single liquid fertilizers and compound liquid fertilizers, depending on the macro and micro nutrients contained in them. Examples of single liquid fertilizers: Ammonium nitrate solution or calcium chloride solution may be given. Examples of compound liquid fertilizers: NP fertilizer solution (nitrogen-phosphorus) or NPK fertilizer solution (nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium) can be given. Various studies have been carried out on the use of different amino acid sources in liquid fertilizer production. One of these studies is the invention that is the subject of the patent application numbered EP2537823B1 and titled "Plant-derived amino acids and production method". For the production of a plant growth supplement containing only free L amino-acids of plant origin, using only soy flour as well as raw materials of plant origin rich in corn and wheat protein, simultaneously with hydrochloric acid and water at a temperature of Celsius, without any pre-treatment. is taken into the reactor. These proteins provide a solution containing 16 free L amino acids. The physical state of the product in question is a brown liquid with a density of 1.2 g/ml, with the characteristic odor of the protein hydrolysis process. The mentioned product is used as a universal plant growth additive (fertilizer). Today, amino acids used in liquid fertilizer and animal feed are supplied from abroad. Various problems are experienced such as supply problems, inability to always find the same quality products and high chlorine levels. As a result, the need for yeast extract that eliminates these disadvantages in the current technique and the inadequacy of existing solutions have made it necessary to make a development in the relevant technical field. Brief Description of the Invention The present invention is related to the method of obtaining yeast extract by taking aged yeasts from the wort used during the production of bioethanol to be used as an amino acid source in liquid fertilizer and/or animal feed, which meets the above-mentioned requirements, eliminates all disadvantages and brings some additional advantages. Based on the known state of the art, the aim of the invention is to obtain yeast extract to be used as an additive in liquid fertilizer and/or animal feed by taking aged yeasts used during bioethanol production from the wort. The purpose of the invention is to enable the use of domestically produced yeast extract instead of amino acids supplied from abroad. Another purpose of the invention is to make the yeast remaining in the wort more valuable. Another purpose of the invention is to eliminate problems such as supply problems, lack of constant availability of products of the same quality and high chlorine levels, thanks to the raw materials used being obtained from domestic sources and being of agricultural origin. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure that the amino acid content of the yeast remaining in the wort can be used as an alternative to the amino acid used in agricultural fertilizers, since it is at a level that can be an alternative for the products used in the market. Another purpose of the invention is to ensure that the yeasts remaining in the wort can be used as additives in animal feed, thanks to their rich amino acid and protein content. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood thanks to the detailed explanation given below, so the evaluation should be made taking these detailed explanations into consideration. Detailed Description of the Invention In this detailed description, the method of obtaining yeast extract by taking aged yeasts from the wort used during bioethanol production to be used as amino acid source in liquid fertilizer and/or animal feed, which is the subject of the invention, is explained only as an example for a better understanding of the subject and in a way that does not create any limiting effect. . The invention was developed with the aim of turning unused yeasts in bioethanol plants into more valuable products. The invention is basically; The raw materials used are supplied from domestic sources and are of agricultural origin; The amino acid content should be at a level that can be an alternative to the products used in the market; It can be used as an alternative for amino acids used in agricultural fertilizers; It provides an advantage in terms of being used in animal feed and animal feed as it is rich in protein and amino acids. In the bioethanol plant, molasses is used as raw material. There are preferably 4 fermentation reactors in the fermentation facility and they can operate intermittently and continuously. Each fermentor has its own mixer, raw material blending and safety system. Special culture yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is used in the fermentation process. The production and propagation of this yeast is primarily done in the yeast propagation unit, starting in the laboratory environment. The fermentation process is started by giving a certain amount of water and yeast to the bottom of the fermentation tank. Preferably, raw material feeding is done within 12-15 hours. The process is continued by controlling temperature, pH, brix and alcohol concentration with continuous circulation. At the end of a total of 68-72 hours, fermentation is terminated and mash, preferably with 10-11% alcohol by volume, is produced and sent to the distillation unit. The carbon dioxide released as a result of ethanol fermentation is purified from alcohol by passing it through the washing column in order to recover the alcohol dragged along with it. Silempe is obtained at 60-65 briquettes, preferably with evaporators in the wort. 65 brix in silempe; preferably soluble potassium (K20), preferably 14% betaine, preferably 2% yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Since the yeasts found in 65 brix silempe are old yeasts that have lost their activity, using them again in production may lead to yield losses. For this reason, aged yeasts are separated and autolyzed, and a more valuable product is obtained by revealing the valuable amino acids in the yeast cells. The purpose of the invention is to obtain amino acid-rich yeast extract through autolysis and hydrolysis using aged yeasts, which are approximately 2% in silemped, and to evaluate it as an organic fertilizer additive in agriculture. After removing the alcohol, preferably 10-11%, in the wort, the silempe is released at 17-18 brix. Preferably, the silempe at 17-18 brix is placed in a conical type separator tank and the yeast is allowed to settle. After settling is completed, the yeast sludge, preferably at 20-25 brix, is transferred to the reactor tank with a mash pump. At the preliminary preparation stage; The yeast cream is diluted from 22 brix to 17 brix. pH is preferably adjusted to around 7 using sulfuric acid. It is preferably kept at 55 °C for 60 minutes to loosen the yeast cell walls and increase permeability. At 55-60 °C, the amino acids in the yeast pass through the relaxed cell membrane and move towards the external environment. At the hydrolysis stage; Using Alcalase enzyme, 0.2-0.3 g/100 g of yeast is added to the reaction tank and the cells are lysed, preferably at 30-35 °C for 24 hours. In the inactivated stage; The activity of the enzyme is reduced by keeping the yeast cream at 90 °C, preferably for 10 minutes. TR TR TR

TR2022/021277 2022-12-29 METHOD OF OBTAINING YEAST EXTRACT FOR USE AS AN AMINO ACID SOURCE TR2022021277A2 (en)

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