TR2022017898A2 - PARTICLE DETECTION DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention includes the extension of the distances of pipelines and the ambient air sampling inlet (1), which reduces the response of sensitive smoke detectors with sampling to dust particles, reduces the sensitivity problem, poses a risk of false alarm if large particles in the air are not filtered, separates smoke and dust particles, and gives the same response to different materials. main air intake path (2), main air intake path flow meter (3), aspirator main air suction port (4), sample air intake throat (5), dust trap (6), dust filter (7), sample air intake path (8), sample air intake path flow meter (9), optical measurement room inlet (10), optical measurement room (11), optical measurement room outlet (12), aspirator sample air suction path (13), aspirator sample air suction nozzle (14), aspirator (15), aspirator exhaust (outlet) (16), ambient air sampling pipeline (17), ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18), optical measurement cell (19), transmitter optical mechanism ( 20), light sources (21), short wavelength light source (22), long wavelength light source (23), transmitter slot (24), transmitter slot curtains (25), lens (26), receiver optical mechanism (27). ), receiver slot (28), receiver slot outer circular curtain (29), receiver slot inner circular curtain (30), receiver slot quadrangular inner surface (31), scattered light detecting photodiode (32), attenuation light detecting photodiode (33) , light trap mechanism (34), scattered light detecting photodiode light trap (35), first curtain (36), second curtain (37), light trap section (38), light trap corners (39), light trap hole (40) It is related to the particle detection device, which includes the light trapping section (41), light trapping corners (42), and measurement area (43).

Description

DESCRIPTION PARTICLE DETECTING DEVICE Technical Field The invention is used in smoke detectors, ventilation systems, offices, museums, server rooms, etc. that detect the smoke emerging in cases of fire. Air sampling smoke detectors used in particle monitoring of environments are sensors that detect, monitor and detect particle types suspended in the air (dust, smoke, etc.) used in monitoring the air quality, dust concentration, pollution rate or specific particle type of environments such as industrial, commercial or home etc. It is a particle detection device that uses mathematical modeling and classification of the characteristics created in the data. Background of the Invention The measurement of particles is widely used in industrial, commercial or home environments for different purposes, such as particle counting, particle size analysis, ambient particle level measurement, environmental pollution measurement and smoke detection. The operating principles of devices developed for measuring particles are based on the scattering of light from the particle and the attenuation of light. These methods are old known methods for measuring particle concentration. The light scattering principle, which enables simple and fast data collection and allows measurements from particle diameters as low as 100 nm to millimetric sizes, is the most widely used technique. This technique does not yield good results due to low light scattering in particles with high light absorption. Single wavelength-dependent aerosol concentration information obtained with this technique does not provide the characteristic features of the particle type. For example, smoke detectors based on the principle of single wavelength light scattering detect aerosols such as dust, water vapor, etc. other than fire. It may also generate an alarm condition in certain situations. In the current technique, the document numbered US 7,440,100 B2 is related to the examination of light scattered from small particles in the carrier medium. It includes the mechanical case, input and output lines, light source and light sensor, from which the sensor data required for this examination is obtained. The patent performs slip compensation by averaging the data of the signals obtained by the optical measurement cell in normal operation over long periods in order to adapt to the change in particle density of the environment. In addition, it has developed temperature compensation with the temperature sensor placed on the flow line, as the light power of the light source changes as the temperature changes. It receives signals with an integral amplifier and detects alarm situations with a slope-based filter algorithm. In the article titled Light Scattering Characteristics and Size Distribution of Smoke and Nuisance Aerosols (D.W. Weinert et al. 2003), differential mass scattering cross sections for smoke from burning fires, flaming smoke and dust are explained. These measurements were measured in two different linear polarizations at angles from 5° to 135° using light with a wavelength of 632.8 nanometers. For flaming fire smoke, it can be distinguished from the smoke or dust produced in the event of combustion. The classification method used the ratio of 45° front scattering to 135° back scattering, the calculated polarization ratio around 90° and its dependence on the scattering parameter. The front scatter effect cross section ODD (45°) and back scatter effect cross section ODD (135°) ratios were between 4.0 and 5.6 for flaming smokes, and between 11.3 and 17.8 for burning fire smoke and dust situations. In the patent numbered US 7,724,367 B2, an optical measurement cell with two different light sources was designed. Tests at different wavelengths were carried out in this cell. Light study has predicted that the light scattering of different wavelengths in different particle diameters in the Mie theory can distinguish smoke particles of small diameters from dusts of large diameters by creating different scattering. In the document numbered US 7,062,953 B2, smoke particles are detected with a smoke detector connected serially to the air line drawn in the environment with the help of an aspirator. Smoke detection and calibration processes are carried out with the LED, photodiode and laser diode in the detector connected in series to the pipeline. Smoke particles passing through the air inlet line are exposed to the light produced by the laser diode, and the light scattered from the smoke particles creates a signal on the photodiode. Smoke density is calculated according to the number of incoming photodiode pulses over time. The LED located in the detector section is used for sensitivity testing of the smoke detector. When the source and single sensor angle are used, filter algorithms are applied to distinguish different types of particles according to Mie scattering (Qiang Fu et al.), while their response to instantaneous dust densities is normal, statically rising dust density information creates an alarm. The complex number of the particle refractive index, which is the virtual component in Mie theory, is the absorption coefficient of the material, which is defined as the reduction of optical radiation transmission caused by the absorption and scattering of light. Particles with high absorption properties do not give good results because they do not emit enough usable light. Therefore, it causes a loss of sensitivity for air sampling sensitive smoke detectors, which is an application of the invention herein. Currently, due to the limited distance of the particle and air sampling pipeline, if the pressure loss is high when the sample air taken into the optical measuring cell is taken from the aspirator exhaust outlet, a pressure loss occurs at the aspirator suction nozzle as much as the pressure formed at the exhaust outlet of the aspirator, resulting in less vacuum in the pipeline. pressure is transmitted, resulting in a shortening of the pipeline distance. The ambient air sampling pipeline distance is limited in the devices used. Particles in the sampled air cling to the walls and the residual light level increases. There is a risk of false alarm due to large particles in the sampled air. If large particles other than target particles are not filtered in the optical measurement cell, particles accumulate on the walls of the optical measurement cell and increase the residual light value of the optical measurement cell, and may also create a false alarm situation. Sensitive smoke detectors with air sampling also react to dust particles and thus create a false alarm. According to Mie Theory, there are three factors that determine the interaction between the particle and light in different reactions to different materials (dependence on particle color). These; are the wavelength of the light, the particle diameter and the refractive index of the particle. The complex number component of the particle's refractive index is related to the absorption of light. Measurement systems based solely on the light scattering principle will scatter less light depending on the refractive index, resulting in a loss of sensitivity. The light absorption ability of black smoke is high due to its refractive index and creates less light scattering. In devices based on the light scattering principle, the sensitivity to black smoke decreases. This is shown by the black smoke type alarm level being given higher than white smoke in the air sampling detector European Standard. In the sensitivity problem (increasing resolution), if the amount of residual light in the optical measurement cell is high, small light scattering resulting from low particle concentration is screened. Therefore, the smoke density measurement resolution value is 0.00005%obs/m and lower changes cannot be measured. The invention expands the pipeline distance, reduces the cell contamination rate and the risk of false alarms, separates smoke and dust particles, and provides similar reactions to different materials. The ambient air sampling pipeline distance has been extended by the design of the main air intake path and the sample air intake path, which are designed to provide low pressure loss, over the aspirator suction nozzles, instead of the aspirator exhaust outlet. The cross-sectional area of the ambient air sampling pipeline is minimized without narrowing along the main air intake path of the aspirator and as a result, the pressure loss is minimized. Aspirator suction is connected to the main air intake path and the sample air intake path separately. Thus, a portion of the total air coming from ambient air sampling, proportionally between 5% and 10%, is delivered to the sample air intake path and more vacuum pressure is provided in the ambient air sampling pipeline. In order to prevent cell contamination and the risk of false alarms; The main air intake path is directly connected to the main air intake port of the aspirator, so that large diameter particles such as dust etc. in the incoming air are removed. It is directed directly to the aspirator exhaust. In addition, as the sample air coming from the sample air intake throat passes from the dust trap section to the dust filter section, centrifugal force is created through a rotation movement, and this force pushes large particles into the dust trap. Particles that overcome centrifugal force and gravity are filtered with a dust filter. According to Mie theory, in separating smoke and dust particles (false alarm) (dependence on particle diameter), the interactions between light and particles vary according to the light wavelength. The light scattering responses caused by long and short wavelength lights in particles of different diameters will be different. In addition, the amount of attenuation of light at different wavelengths will also be different. By accessing light scattering response and attenuation content and particle diameter information, the dependence of the response to dust particles on large diameter particles has been reduced. In order to give different reactions to different materials (dependence on particle color), light attenuation values as well as light scattering values are entered into the mathematical model when calculating smoke density. Thus, the absorption effect of black smoke is compensated and its dependence on the refractive index in response to smoke density is reduced. To solve the sensitivity problem (increase resolution), the ratio of the light source to the residual light has been increased to one billion or more with optomechanical designs in the optical measurement cell (transmitter optical mechanism, receiver optical mechanism and light trap mechanism). Here, differently, the ratio is made based on the light power transmitted to the measurement area instead of the total light power of the light source. The structural and characteristic features and all the advantages of the invention will be more clearly understood thanks to the figure and detailed explanation given below, and therefore this evaluation should be made taking this figure and detailed explanation into consideration. Figures Helping to Explain the Invention Figure 1: Top view of the general air flow path of the particle detection device Figure 2: Top view of the fluids section of the particle detection device Figure 3: Top view of the optical section of the particle detection device Figure 4: Side section of the optical section of the particle detection device Figure 5a: Residual light effect change graph according to the proportional change and smoke density of the particle detection device. Figure 5b: Residual light effect change graph according to the proportional change and smoke density of the particle detection device. References Helping to Explain the Invention Ambient air sampling inlet Main air intake path Main air intake path flow meter Aspirator main air suction nozzle Sample air intake throat Dust Trap Dust Filter Sample air intake path Sample air intake path flow meter .0ptical measurement room inlet 11.0ptical measurement room 12.0ptical measurement room exit 13. Aspirator sample air suction path 14.Aspirator sample air intake port. Aspirator 16. Aspirator exhaust (outlet) 17.0rm full air sampling pipeline 18.0rm full air sampling pipeline holes 19.0ptical measurement cell. Transmitter optical mechanism 21. Light sources 22. Short wavelength light source 23. Long wavelength light source 24. Transmitter housing. Transmitter slot curtains 26. Lens 27. Receiver optical mechanism 28. Receiver slot 29. Receiver slot outer circular curtain. Receiver slot inner circular curtain 31. Receiver slot quadrangular inner surface 32. Scattered light detector photodiode 33. Attenuation light detector photodiode 34. Light trap mechanism. Scattered light detector photodiode light trap 36. First curtain 37. Second curtain 38. Light trap section 39. Light trap corners 40. Light trap hole 41. Light trap section 42. Light trap corners 43. Measurement area Detailed Description of the Invention The invention has low mechanics It provides pressure loss and the ability to separate large particles. The device consists of main air intake tract (2), sample air tract (8), sample bleed throat (5), main air tract flow meter (3), sample air tract flow meter (9), dust trap (6). , includes dust filter (7), optical measuring cell (19) and aspirator (15). The ambient air sampling inlet (1) included in the invention is the connection point of the pipes that take sample air from the environment to the device. It allows the connection of two types of pipes with external diameters of 25 mm and 27 mm. The main air intake path (2) transmits the vacuum pressure to the ambient air sampling inlet (1) with minimum loss, and the cross-sectional area of the air sampling inlet (1) is created through different geometries without narrowing the main air intake path (2) to the aspirator main air suction port (4) inlet. Pressure loss is minimized. The sample air intake path (8) uses the aspirator sample air suction path (13) to provide the required amount (5-10%), and the required sampling amount (5-10%) via the main air intake path (2) through a geometrically optimized path. Provides with. In the invention, the transmitter optical mechanism (20) blocks the residual light. Preventing off-axis light and reducing the amount of residual light in the optical measurement chamber (11) and creating focused light in the particle measurement section are provided by transmitter slot curtains (25) and convex type lens (26). Air is sampled from the environment through the ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18) located on the air sampling pipelines (17) placed in the environment to be detected. The flow rate of the sampled air (litres/minute) is measured by the main air intake flow meter (3). Through the ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18) located on the air sampling pipelines (17) placed in the environment to be detected, some of the air sampled from the environment is sent to the optical measurement room (11) through the sample air intake throat (5) and the sample air intake (8). ) is transmitted. The flow rate of the delivered sample air is measured by the sample air intake flow meter (9). The air coming from the sample air intake path (8) is transmitted to the optical measurement chamber (11) via the optical measurement chamber inlet (10). Pipelines installed in the fields may vary depending on the field. Therefore, the aspirator (15) operates at different flow rates. In all working conditions, the required amount of vacuum is created through the sample air intake path (8) by the aspirator sample air suction port (14). The scattered light detector photodiode (32), which is used to detect the light scattered from the particles suspended in the sample air coming through the sample air intake (8), is placed in the receiver slot (28). The amount of collision of the scattering-based rays occurring on the surfaces of the optical measurement chamber (11) on the rectangular inner surface (31) of the receiver housing before reaching the light detecting photodiode (32) is increased, thus reducing the residual light value. In the optical measurement chamber (11), the vacuum required for the required amount of flow is connected to the aspirator sample air suction port (14) of the aspirator sample air suction path (13). By making the optical measurement chamber outlet (12) larger than the inlet (10) cross-section, the sample air flow within the optical measurement chamber (11) is ensured to be laminar, thus reducing the contamination rate of the optical measurement chamber (11). Geometric shapes have been optimized with fluid mechanics simulations and empirical methods to keep the pressure loss between the aspirator (15) suction pressure and the ambient air sampling inlet (1) at the minimum level, thus extending the distances of the pipelines (17) that can be placed in the environment. Large diameter particles such as dust etc. in the air coming from the main air intake tract (2). It is directed directly to the aspirator main air intake port (4) in the direction of the main air intake path (2) and by gravity, and from there it is returned to the environment directly via the aspirator exhaust (16). Thus, the effect of soiling (soiling effect) in the optical measurement cell (19) is reduced and the risk of false alarm is reduced. However, there is a rotation movement as the sample air coming from the sample air intake throat (5) passes from the dust trap (6) section to the dust filter (7) section. As shown in Figure 1, this rotation movement creates centrifugal force and pushes large particles into the dust trap (6). Instead of the aspirator exhaust (outlet) (16), the main air intake path (2) and the sample air intake path (8) are designed to provide low pressure loss through the aspirator main air suction nozzle (4) and the aspirator sample air suction nozzle (14). ) and the distance of the ambient air sampling pipeline (17) has been extended. The ambient air sampling pipeline (17) is narrowed along the main air intake path (2) of the aspirator (15) and as a result, the pressure loss is minimized. The environment to be detected; The placed ambient air sampling pipelines (17) are connected to the ambient air sampling inlet (1). The geometry of the main air intake path (2) is arranged as shown in Figure 2, so that the cross-sectional area of the pipes placed in the environment is protected along the main air intake path (2). The aspirator (15) suction is connected to the main air intake path (2) and the sample air intake path (8) separately. Thus, a portion of the total air coming from the ambient air sampling, proportionally between 5% and 10%, is delivered to the sample air intake path (8) and more vacuum pressure is provided in the ambient air sampling pipeline (17). Particles that overcome the centrifugal force and gravity reach the dust filter (7). These large particles reaching the dust filter (7) are filtered with a polyurethane sponge containing one or more layers from coarse to fine, thus reducing the large particles going to the optical measurement cell (19), reducing the contamination rate and reducing the risk of false alarms. The flow profile was created by using a long sample air intake path (8) after the filter (7). With the profile, the contamination rate of the optical measurement cell (19) is reduced and the particles are ensured to mix before entering the optical measurement chamber (11). As shown in Figure 5, the amount of residual light in the optical measurement chamber (11) is regression of the data showing that the response for the low concentration particles to be detected is 7 times higher for the long wavelength light source (23) and 9 times higher for the short wavelength light source (22). It was calculated based on the slope values obtained via . With this invention, the transmitter optical mechanism (20), receiver optical mechanism (27) and light trap mechanism (34) have been optimized by optical simulations and empirical methods, and the ratio of the transmitter's light power to the residual light value has been ensured to be at least one billion and above. Figure 3 shows the distribution of the light coming from the light sources (21) within the optical measurement chamber (11). The light sources (21) are mounted on the transmitter housings (24). The optical measurement room (11) and transmitter slot curtains (25), which are used to reduce the amount of residual light, are used to block residual light and off-axis lights. The transmitter slot (24) contains a convex type lens (26). The position of the lens (26) has been designed by optical simulation and empirical methods in a way that creates a minimum light diameter in the measurement area (43) of the rays coming out of the light source (21). Thus, by obtaining higher light power per area, detection of very small particles and sensitivity are increased. The receiver optical mechanism (27) prevents the residual light scattered in the optical measurement cell (19) from falling on the scattered light detector photodiode (32) with the receiver slot outer circular curtain (29) and receiver slot inner circular curtain (30) structures. The optical measurement cell (19) contains a scattered light detecting photodiode (32) and two attenuation light detecting photodiodes (33). Although the function of each photodiode is different, the light sensor photodiode (32) that detects scattering measures side scattering according to the direction of the rays. In order to eliminate the dependence on particle color, attenuation light sensor photodiodes (33) that measure the attenuation of the beam for two different wavelengths have been integrated into the light detector photodiode (32), which detects scattering at long and short wavelengths, and there are two different uses of attenuation light sensor photodiodes (33). Their first use is to monitor and record the light power in cases of white smoke or clean air, calibrating the short wavelength light source (22) and the long wavelength light source (23). Its other use is to measure the attenuation of light in different colored smoke types. Thus, dependence on particle color in smoke measurement sensitivity is minimized. However, to eliminate the dependence on particle diameter, a short wavelength light source (22) and a long wavelength light source (23) were used. According to the Mie Theory, which is referenced in this technique, the interactions between light and particles vary according to the light wavelength. Therefore, the light scattering responses of particles of different diameters to the short wavelength light source (22) and the long wavelength light source (23) will be different, and in addition, the amount of attenuation of the light at different wavelengths will also be different. By accessing light scattering response and attenuation information and particle diameter information, the dependence of the response on dust particles or large diameter particles has been reduced. By the light trap mechanism (34), the amount of residual light is reduced by the absorption of the light coming from the light sources (21) on the surfaces. The scattered light detector photodiode light trap (35) is a conical structure on the surface opposite the scattered light detector photodiode (32). With this conical structure, when the light scattered within the optical measurement cell (19) reaches this surface, the beam is directed to a different direction, causing the light power to weaken. There is a first curtain (36) larger than the light diameter to prevent the rays coming out of the light sources (21) from reflecting back from the light trap section (38) and coming back to the optical measurement room (11). Following the first curtain (36), there is a second curtain (37) that is larger than the first curtain (36). The rays passing the second curtain (37) are weakened by increasing the number of times the light hits the surface at the light trap corners (39). Optimization of the number of hits is related to the angles of the light trap corners (39). Each scattering is absorbed as much as the absorption coefficient of the relevant surface. In order to reduce the scattering caused by the two-way scattering distribution function, which is an important interaction between the light and the surface, the light trapping hole (40) that provides passage to the light trapping section (41) has been integrated and the light trapping section (41) and the light trapping corners (42) of the remaining light. By increasing the scattering number, the residual light power is reduced. The receiver optical mechanism (27) contains two circular curtains, the receiver slot outer circular curtain (29) and the receiver slot inner circular curtain (30), and the receiver slot quadrangular inner surface (31). The light sources (21) side of the receiver slot outer circular curtain (29) and the receiver slot inner circular curtain (30) are high and the first curtain (36) side is low. The scattered light detector photodiode (32) receiver slot located in the center is not in the same orientation as the rectangular inner surface (31). Thus, the residual light coming from the light sources (21) and returning from the first curtain (36) does not reach the directly scattered light detector photodiode (32). The mechanical details of the receiver optical mechanism (27) were optimized by optical simulations and subsequent empirical measurements. If the amount of residual light in the optical measurement cell (19) is high, small light scattering resulting from low particle concentration is screened. Optomechanical light trap section (38) and trap section (41) were created in the optical measurement cell (19), and thus the ratio of the light source to the residual light value was increased to one billion or more. The device included in the invention is connected to the air sampling pipeline (17) from the environment where the device is located, via the main air intake path (2). While air is removed from the ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18) in the pipeline with the help of an aspirator (15), a part of the air taken is transmitted to the optical measurement cell (19) through the sample air intake throat (5). While it is transmitted to the optical measurement cell (19), it is cleaned by the dust trap (6) and dust filter (7). It is exposed to light in short and long wavelengths in the optical measurement cell (19), and the light scattered from the particles is measured by the scattered light detector photodiode (32) and the attenuation of the light is measured by the attenuation light detector photodiode (33). The obtained data is processed and the smoke density value is calculated by compensating the particle diameter and particle color. It is related to the device and technical monitoring devices that emerged with the invention. The technical and all other features mentioned in each claim are followed by a reference number, and this reference number is used only to facilitate understanding of the claims, therefore they should not be considered to limit the scope of the element specified with this reference number for exemplary purposes. It is clear that a person skilled in the art can demonstrate the innovation set forth in the invention by using similar structures and/or apply this structure to other areas with similar purposes used in the relevant technique. Therefore, it is obvious that such structures will lack the criterion of exceeding innovation.TR TR TR TR

Claims (42)

1. The invention is related to the particle detection device and its feature is; ambient air sampling inlet (1), main air intake tract (2), main air tract flow meter (3), aspirator main air intake port (4), sample air duct (5), dust trap (6), dust filter (7), sample air intake tract (8), sample air tract flow meter (9), optical measurement room inlet (10), optical measurement chamber (11), optical measurement room outlet (12), aspirator sample air suction path (13), aspirator sample air suction nozzle (14), aspirator (15), aspirator exhaust (outlet) (16), ambient air sampling pipeline (17), ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18), optical measurement cell (19), transmitter optical mechanism (20), light sources (21), short wavelength light source (22), long wavelength light source (23), transmitter slot (24), transmitter slot curtains (25), lens ( 26), receiver optical mechanism (27), receiver slot (28), receiver slot outer circular curtain (29), receiver slot inner circular curtain (30), receiver slot quadrangular inner surface (31), scattered light detector photodiode (32) , attenuation light detector photodiode (33), light trap mechanism (34), scattered light detector photodiode light trap (35), first curtain (36), second curtain (37), light trap section (38), light trap corners (39), It contains the light trapping hole (40), the light trapping section (41), the light trapping corners (42) and the measurement area (43). . It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; It contains an ambient air sampling inlet (1) that allows the connection of two types of pipes with an external diameter of 25-27 mm, which is the connection point of the pipes that take sample air from the environment to the device. . It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a main air intake path (2) that transmits vacuum pressure to the ambient air sampling inlet (1) with minimum loss. . It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; The main air intake path includes a flow meter (3) that measures the flow rate (litres/minute) of the air sampled from the environment through the ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18) located on the air sampling pipelines (17) placed in the environment to be detected. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1,2 or 3, and its feature is; It is characterized by the fact that the cross-sectional area of the air sampling inlet (1) is formed without narrowing down to the inlet of the aspirator main air intake port (4) along the main air intake path (2) and that it minimizes the pressure loss with different geometries. It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; The sample air intake path (8) provides the required sampling amount (5-10%) in a geometrically optimized way over the main air intake path (2) by making use of the aspirator sample air suction path (13) to provide the required amount (5-10%). ) is included. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 5, and its feature is; It contains a transmitter optical mechanism (20) that blocks residual light. It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; Through the ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18) located on the air sampling pipelines (17) placed in the environment to be detected, some of the air sampled from the environment is transferred to the optical measurement room (11) through the sample air intake throat (5) and the sample air intake tract (8). The sample air intake path contains a flow meter (9) that measures the flow rate of the delivered sample air. It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; It contains an optical measurement chamber inlet (10) that allows the air coming through the sample air intake path (8) to be transmitted to the optical measurement chamber (11). 10. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains transmitter housing curtains (25) and convex type lens (26) that block off-axis light and reduce the amount of residual light in the optical measurement chamber (11) and create focused light in the particle measurement section. It is about the particle detection device in accordance with claim 1, and its feature is; It contains an optical measurement chamber (11) that connects the vacuum required for the required amount of flow to the sample air suction path (13) of the aspirator (15) and the sample air suction nozzle (14). 12. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; It contains an optical measurement chamber outlet (12) that ensures that the sample air flow within the optical measurement chamber (11), which is larger than the inlet (10) cross-section, is laminar. 13. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and it includes an aspirator that creates the vacuum pressure in the pipes that takes sample air from the environment. 14. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; The ambient air sampling pipeline contains holes (18) that enable air sampling from the environment on the air sampling pipelines (17) placed in the environment to be detected. 15. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; In order to reduce the effect of pollution (soiling effect) on the optical measurement cell (19) and to reduce the risk of false alarms, large diameter particles in the air coming from the main air intake path (2) are transferred directly to the aspirator air suction in the direction of the main air intake path (2) and by gravity. It is characterized by being directed to the mouth (4) and returned to the environment directly through the aspirator exhaust (16). 16. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; The sample air coming from the sample air intake throat (5) contains a rotation movement while passing from the dust trap (6) to the dust filter (7). 17. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; The main air intake path (2) and the sample air intake path (8), which are designed to provide low pressure loss, and the aspirator main air intake port (4) and the sample air intake path (8), where the distance of the ambient air sampling pipeline (17) is extended. It contains an aspirator sample air suction nozzle (14) that allows the required amount of vacuum to be created over it. 18. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; The aspirator (15) contains an ambient air sampling pipeline (17), which is placed in the environment to be detected and connected to the ambient air sampling inlet (1), without narrowing and minimizing pressure loss along the main air intake path (2). 19. It relates to the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 10, and its feature is; It contains an aspirator (15) that connects the suction separately to the main air intake path (2) and the sample air intake path (8) and provides more vacuum pressure in the ambient air sampling pipeline (17). 20. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a dust filter (7) that filters large particles with a polyurethane sponge containing one or more layers from coarse to fine. 21. It relates to the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 5, and its feature is; It contains a long sample air intake path (8) with a flow profile created after the filter (7). 22. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains an optical measurement chamber (11) where the response of low concentration particles to be detected in the amount of residual light is 7 times higher for the long wavelength light source (23) and 9 times higher for the short wavelength light source (22). 23. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It includes the receiver optical mechanism (27), which is optimized by optical simulations and empirical methods, the light trap mechanism (34) and the transmitter optical mechanism (20), which is provided in such a way that the ratio of the light power of the transmitters to the residual light value is at least one billion or more. 24. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; It includes light sources (21) mounted on the transmitter slots (24) and a measurement chamber (11) and transmitter slot curtains (25) that block optical light to reduce the amount of residual light and are used to block off-axis lights. 25. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a convex type lens (26) containing a transmitter slot (24) and whose location is designed by optical simulation and empirical methods in such a way that the rays coming out of the light source (21) create a minimum light diameter in the measurement area (43). 26. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a receiver optical mechanism (27) that prevents the scattered residual light inside the optical measurement cell (19) from falling on the scattered light detector photodiode (32) with the receiver slot outer circular curtain (29) and receiver slot inner circular curtain (30) structures. 27. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a light-detection photodiode (32) placed in the receiver housing (28), which is used to detect the light scattered from the particles suspended in the sample air coming through the sample air intake (8). 28. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; It is to increase the amount of collision of the scattering-based rays occurring on the surfaces of the sample optical measurement chamber (11) on the rectangular inner surface (31) of the receiver slot before reaching the light detecting photodiode (32). 29.It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; It contains a scattered light detecting photodiode (32), a light detecting photodiode (34) that contains at least two attenuation light detecting photodiodes (33), and an optical measurement cell (19) that measures side scattering according to the direction of the rays. 30. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains light-detection photodiodes (32) that detect scattering at long and short wavelengths to eliminate dependence on particle color, and attenuation light-detector photodiodes (33) that measure the attenuation of the beam for two different wavelengths. 31. It relates to the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 24, and its feature is; It is characterized by the use of attenuation light detector photodiodes (33), calibration of short wavelength light source (22) and long wavelength light source (23), monitoring and recording the light power in white smoke or clean air situations. 32. It is about a particle detection device according to claim 1 or 24, and its feature is; Attenuation is characterized by measuring the attenuation of light occurring in different colored smoke types using light-detecting photodiodes (33). 33. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 25, and its feature is; It is characterized by the use of a short wavelength light source (22) and a long wavelength light source (23) to eliminate dependence on particle diameter. 34. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; It consists of a light-detecting photodiode light trap (35), which has a conical structure, on the surface opposite the scattered light-detecting photodiode (32). 35. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a first curtain (36) larger than the light diameter in order to prevent the rays coming out of the light sources (21) from reflecting back from the light trap section (38) and coming back to the optical measurement room (11). 36. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a second curtain (37) that ensures less reflection of the rays from the light trap section (38) back to the optical measurement chamber (11). 37. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, and its feature is; In order to reduce the scattering caused by the bi-directional scattering distribution function, which has a significant interaction between the light and the surface, the light trapping hole (40) that provides passage to the light trapping section (41) has been integrated and the light trapping section (41) and the light trapping corners (42) of the remaining light. It is characterized by reducing the residual light power by increasing the scattering number. 38. It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 23, and its feature is; If the amount of residual light is high, the small light scattering resulting from low particle concentration is screened, a mechanical light trap section (38) and a prison section (41) are created, and thus the ratio of the light source to the residual light value is increased to one billion or more. ) is included. 39.It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; While air is collected from the ambient air sampling pipeline holes (18) in the pipeline with the help of an aspirator (15), a portion of the air taken through the sample air intake throat (5) is transmitted to the optical measurement cell (19). 40. It relates to the particle detection device according to claim 1 or 26, and its feature is; It has a receiver optical mechanism (27), the mechanical details of which have been optimized by optical simulations and subsequent empirical measurements, including two circular curtains as the receiver slot outer circular curtain (29) and the receiver slot inner circular curtain (30) and the receiver slot quadrangular inner surface (31). is to be. 41.It is about the particle detection device in accordance with Claim 1, and its feature is; The receiver slot contains an outer circular curtain (29) and the receiver slot contains an inner circular curtain (30), with the light sources (21) side being high and the first curtain (36) side being low. 42.It is about the particle detection device according to claim 1, its feature is; The receiver slot of the scattered light detecting photodiode (32) located in the center is in a different orientation with the quadrangular inner surface (31).