TR2021020737A2 - COMBINATION OF KAMOSTAT MESILAT AND UMIFENOVIR HYDROCHLORIDE WITH PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS - Google Patents

COMBINATION OF KAMOSTAT MESILAT AND UMIFENOVIR HYDROCHLORIDE WITH PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

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TR2021020737A2
TR2021020737A2 TR2021/020737A TR2021020737A TR2021020737A2 TR 2021020737 A2 TR2021020737 A2 TR 2021020737A2 TR 2021/020737 A TR2021/020737 A TR 2021/020737A TR 2021020737 A TR2021020737 A TR 2021020737A TR 2021020737 A2 TR2021020737 A2 TR 2021020737A2
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umifenovir
hydrochloride
combination according
combination
mesylate
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TR2021/020737A
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Turkish (tr)
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Taşkin Tambay
Tuncer Deği̇m İsmai̇l
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Tuncer Deği̇m İsmai̇l
Ismail Tuncer Degim
Taşkin Tambay
Tambay Taskin
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Priority to TR2021/020737A priority Critical patent/TR2021020737A2/en
Publication of TR2021020737A2 publication Critical patent/TR2021020737A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2022/051566 priority patent/WO2023121629A1/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/21Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
    • A61K31/215Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
    • A61K31/235Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group
    • A61K31/24Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids having an aromatic ring attached to a carboxyl group having an amino or nitro group
    • A61K31/245Amino benzoic acid types, e.g. procaine, novocaine
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/40Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
    • A61K31/403Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
    • A61K31/404Indoles, e.g. pindolol
    • A61K31/4045Indole-alkylamines; Amides thereof, e.g. serotonin, melatonin
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Virology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Communicable Diseases (AREA)
  • Oncology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

Mevcut buluş Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve 40-80 mg Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombinasyonu olup özelliği COVİD-19 hastalığının önlenmesi, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesi veya tedavisi için kullanılmasıdır. Buluş konusu kombinasyonda, Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat?ın ayrı farmasötik kompozisyonlarda veya aynı farmasötik kompozisyonda bulunabilir. Buluş konusu kombinasyonun uygulanacağı COVİD-19 hastaları tercihen komplike olmayan ancak olası veya kesin tanılı COVID-19 hastaları olabilecektir.The present invention is the combination of Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and 40-80 mg Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate, which is used for the prevention, delay or treatment of COVID-19 disease. In the combination of the invention, Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate can be present in separate pharmaceutical compositions or in the same pharmaceutical composition. The COVID-19 patients to whom the inventive combination will be administered will preferably be uncomplicated but probable or definitively diagnosed COVID-19 patients.

Description

TARIFNAME KAMOSTAT MESILAT VE UMIFENOVIR HIDROKLORÜRÜN PROTON POMPASI INHIBITÖRLERI ILE KOMBINASYONU Teknik Alan Bu bulus, komplike olmayan olasi/kesin tanili COVlD-19 olgularinda kamostat mesilat, umifenovir hidroklorür ve proton pompasi inhibitörleri kombinasyonu ile ilgilidir. Bu bulusta etkili bir antiviral formülasyon için tablet veya sertjelatin kapsül formülasyonu olarak Umifenovir, Kamostat ve Protom pompasi inhibitörleri (tercihen s-omeprazoll kombinasyonu hazirlanmasi ön görülmüstür. Sözkonusu komplike olmayan hastalar ates, kas/eklem agrilari, öksürük, bogaz agrisi ve nazal konjesyon gibi bulgulari olup solunumsikintisi, takipne ve SP02 < % 90 olmayan, ve akciger filmi ve/veya akciger tomografisi normal olan hastalardir. Teknigin Durumu Siddetli akut solunum yolu sendromu koronavirüs SARS-CoV ve Middle East respiratory syndrome, ya da ODSS (Orta Dogu solunum sendromu) MERS-CoV'un neden oldugu enfeksiyonlar hafizalarimizda tazeligini korurken, 2019 yilinda Çin'in Vuhan kentinde yeni bir ölümcül korona Virüs türü olan SARS-COV ortaya çikmis ve hizla tüm dünyaya yayilmistir. 2020'niaslarinda, Uluslararasi Virüs Taksonomisi Komitesi, bu Virüs için resmi olarak "ciddi akut solunum sendromu koronavirüs 2" (SARS-CoV-2) adini benimsemistir. SARS-COV-2, adindan da anlasilacagi gibi, SARS-CoV'nin yeni formudur. Bir asirlik Ispanyol gribi trajedisinden sonra insanlik bir yili askin bir süredir yepyeni korkutucu bir tehdit olan koronavirüs ile mücadele etmektedir (Wu ZI 2020; gün, enfekte olan insan sayisina küçümsenemeyecek kadar fazla bir insan kitlesi ilave olmaktadir. Ne yazik ki, 15 Aralik 2021 tarihi itibariyle Dünya'da 270 milyondan fazla insan enfekte olup 5 milyonun üzerinde ölüm vakasi vardir. Invaziv mekanik ventilasyon gerektiren 2019 koronavirüs hastaligi (COVID-lgl hastalarinin en az yarisi hastanede yasamlarini yitirmis ve saglik sistemlerine, özellikle birçok ülkedeki 62. l. Her ne kadar enfeksiyonlarin çogu kendi-kendine düzelme egilimi gösterse de, vakalarin hipoksemik solunum yetmezligi, akut solunum sikintisi sendromu ve ventilasyon destegi gerektiren çoklu organ yetmezligine götüren ciddi pnömoni gelisir. Bu tablo genellikle birkaç hastaligi (COVlD-19) hastalarinin en az yarisi hastanede yasamlarini yitirmis ve saglik sistemlerine, özellikle birçok ülkedeki yogun bakim ünitelerine iliskin yükü ezici bir biçimde Bazi ruhsatli ilaçlar ve arastirma ajanlari, in vitro olarak SARS-COV-2 'ye karsi antiviral hastalikli CO VlD-lQ hastalarinin tedavisinde kanitlanmis etkiye sahip herhangi bir antiviral tedavi yoktur. COVID-19 tanisiyla hastaneye yatirilan 150 yetiskini kapsayan çok merkezli, açik etiketli, randomize kontrollü bir hidroksiklorokin çalismasinda, ilacin Viral klerensi hizlandirma üzerinde önemli bir etkisinin olmadigi bildirilmistir (Tang W, 2020; published Yapilan diger bir çalismada favipiravir ile umifenovir klinik iyilesme açisindan kiyaslanmmistir. Favipiravir grubunda 1 16 hastanin 98'i orta siddette COVID-l9 ve 18,i ise siddetli COVID-19 hastalarindan olusmus, 42 COVID-19 hastasinda ise hipertansiyon ve diyabet oldugu tespit edilmistir. Umifenovir grubunda 120 hasta olup bunlarin l 1 l ,i orta ve 9lu agir COVlD-l9 hastalarindan olusmustur. Bu gruptaki hastalarin 35linin hipertansiyon ve diyabet gibi es tanilara sahip oldugu belirlenmistir. Klinik iyilesme oranlari 7 günde umifenovir kullanilan hastalarda % 51.67 (62/ 120) ve favipiraVir kullanan hastalarda da 61.21% (71/ 116) olarak tespit edilirken aralarinda istatistiksel olarak anlamli bir fark bulunamamistir (P:0.1396 (Chen C, 2020; published online April Ancak burada kullanilan umifenovir (Arbidol) dozu 200 mg tid olarak 7-10 gün süresince uygulanmistir. Bu doz SARS-COV-Z inhibisyonu açisindan yeterli bir doz degildir. Maksimum umifenovir plazma konsantrasyonu (Cmaks), alim dozunun artmasiyla artmis ve ulasmistir (Metz R, Muth P, Ferger M, Kukes VG, Vergin H.). Ge ve ark. (2020) arbidolün tek basina 30 pM konsantrasyonda in vitro olarak hücre kültürlerinde SARS-CoV-2°yi %98 oraninda inhibe ettigini göstermistir (Ge Y et al., 2020). Düsük konsantrasyonlarda antiviral etki azalmaktadir. Chen ve ark. "larinin kullandiklari doz günde 600 mg"dir. monoterapi olarak favipiravir"den daha üstün bir etki elde edilememistir. Bu klinik çalisma protokolünde önerdigimiz umifenovir dozu günde 800 mg olup, in vitro hücre kültürlerinde elde edilen Açik etiketli bir çalisma lopinavir/ritonavir kombinasyonunun klinik iyilesme açisindan birincil sonucu kontrole kiyasla etkilemedigini ve viral RNA titrelerinde düsüse yol açmadigini göstermislerdir. Zhu ve ark."1arinin 14 Nisan 2020`de yayinlanan ve umifenovir (Arbidol) monoterapisinin lopinavir/ritonavire karsi üstünlügünün gösterildigi çalisma umifenoviri bu baglamda bir adim daha öne çikarmistir (Zhu Z, 2020). COVID-l9 tanisi konmus 50 hastanin bogaz sürüntüsü alinarak gögüs CT taramasi yapilmis ve tüm hastalara oksijen inhalasyonu (2L/dak yarim saat süresince ve günde 3 kez) rekombinant insan interferon-(1213 enjeksiyonunun atomize inhalasyonu dahil konvansiyonel tedavi uygulanmistir. Bu hastalar lopinavir/ritonavir (34 vaka) ve umifenovir (arbidol) (16 vaka) olmak üzere iki gruba ayrilmislardir. Lopinavir/ritonavir grubuna bir hafta süresince genleri açisindan her iki grubun da baslangiç Ct degerleri (cycle threshold) arasinda fark görülmemistir (P0.05). Hastaneye yatisin yedinci gününde umifenovir verilen hastalarin yarisinda viral yük tespit edilemezken bu oran Iopinavir/ritonavir grubunda %235 olarak belirlenmistir. Ilginç olarak 14. gün umifenovir alan hastalarin tümünde viral klirens saglanmistir. Bu oran lopinavir/ritonavir grubunda %44.] olarak tespit edilmistir Umifenovir grubundaki hastalarda, lopinavir/ritonavir giubuna kiyasla pozitif RNA süresi daha kisa olarak tespit edilmistir (P<0.01) (Zhu Z, 2020]. Remdesivir filovirüsler, paramiksovirüsler, pnömovirüsler ve koronavirüsler dahil olmak üzere genis bir antiviral spektruma sahip bir adenosin analogunun monofosforamidat yapili bir ön ilacidir. (Wang Y. et al., 2020 Published online April 29, kadar test edilen tüm insan ve hayvan koronavirüslerini inhibe etmistir (COV-2, ve SARS- COV-l ve Orta Dogu solunum sendromu [MERS]). Hayvan modellerinde koronavirüslerine karsi antiviral ve klinik etkiler göstermistir MERS'in ölümcül inurin modelinde, remdesivir kombine interferon beta ve lopinavir-ritonavir rejiminden daha üstün bulunmustur. Remdesivir, insan burun ve bronsiyal hava yolu epitel hücrelerinde SARS-COV-2 replikasyonunun güçlü bir inhibitörüdür (Wang Y. et al., 2020 Published online April 29. enfeksiyonu, erken remdesivir uygulamasinin önemli antiviral ve klinik etkiler ortaya koydugu gösterilmistir (bronkoalveoler lavajlarda azalmis pulmoner infiltratlar ve virüs titreleri). intravenöz remdesivir, Ebola virüsü hastaligi, yeterince tolere edildigi ancak birkaç monoklonal antikor terapisinden daha az etkili oldugu ve bazi ülkelerde COVID-19'lu hastalarda son birkaç ay boyunca bireysel mazeretli olarak kullanim (compassionate) temelinde kullanilmistir. COVID-l9 vaka çalismalarinda agir hastalarda yararli oldugu bildirilmistir. Bununla birlikte, COVID-19'da remdesivirin klinik ve antiviral etkinligi henüz belirlenmemistir. Asagida özetlenen çalisma Wang ve ark."lar1ni The Lancetite 29 Nisan°da yayinlanan ilk Ciddi COVID-l9 olan hastalarda ilk plasebo kontrollü randomize remdesivir çalismasinin sonuçlarina yer vermektedir. popülasyonunda remdesivir grubunda klinik iyilesme için geçen zamani plaseboya karsi anlamli ölçüde farkli bulmamislardir. Remdesivir grubunda bu süre medyan 21.0 gün [IQR kayitlara geçmistir. 28 günlük mortalite de iki grup arasinda benzer bulunmustur (remdesivir grubunda 22 [% 14] sonraki 10 gün içinde remdesivir kullanan hastalarda, plasebo gnibunda sayisal olarak daha yüksek olmasina ragmen, 28 günlük mortalite gruplar arasinda anlamli olarak farkli bulunmamistir; aksine, geç kullanimli hasta grubunda, remdesivir hastalari sayisal olarak daha yüksek 28 günlük mortaliteye sahip bulunmussa da anlamli bir fark olmadigi ifade edilmistir. 14. ve 28. günlerde klinik iyilesme oranlari da gruplar arasinda anlamli olarak farkli bulnumazken, remdesivir grubunda plasebo grubuna göre sayisal olarak daha yüksek bir rakam elde edilmistir. Remdesivir grubuna atanan hastalar için, invaziv mekanik ventilasyon süresi anlamli olarak farkli bulunmamistir. Oksijen destek süresi, hastanede kalis süresi, randomizasyondan taburcu edilen günler, randomizasyondan ölüme kadar geçen günler ve 7, 14. gün ve 28. günde alti kategorili ölçegin dagilimi açisindan iki grup arasinda anlamli bir fark gözlenmemistir. Yukaridaki sonuçlar, halihazirda tüm dünyada COVID-l9"a karsi yeterli bir antiviral ajanin olmadigini göstermektedir. Asilarin bulunabilirliginin yani sira, konunun ürkütücü ve daha da dramatik yani, henüz tam olarak kanitlanmis ve etkili bir tedavi seçeneginin ortaya çikmamis olmasidir. Koronavirüs enfeksiyonunu tedavi etmek için gerçek bir tedavi seçeneginden bahsetmek mümkün degildir. Akademi ve ilaç endüstrisindeki arastirmacilar artik mevcut ilaçlarin yeniden konumlandirilmasina ve/veya COVID-l9'a karsi yeni ilaçlarin gelistirilmesine odaklidirlar. Olasi ilaç adaylari için acil kullanim yetkilendirmeleri konusunda dünyadaki otoritelerin olumlu görüslere sahip oldugu gözlemlenmektedir. Etkili tedavi bulma yarisinda zaman kazanmak adina, yeniden konumlandirina hala umut verici konumunu korumakta olup bu patent basvurusunun ana temasini olusturmaktadir. Tedavi stratejileri gelistirmek için virüsün giris ve giris sonrasi viral füzyon mekanizmalarini anlamak çok önemlidir. Koronavirüs 2 (SARS-CoV-Z) spike proteininin insan mukoza hücreleri ile temas ettiginde konakçi proteazlar tarafindan hücreye girise hazirlanmasi en önemli baslangiç mekanizmalarindan biridir (Benton DJ, Wrobel AG, Xu P, Roustan C, Martin SR, Rosenthal PB, Skehel JJ, Gamblin SJ., 2020). Spike proteinin hazirlanmasi, insan solunum yolu mukozal hücrelerinin yüzeyindeki proteoliz yoluyla gerçeklesmektedir. Furin ve transmembran serin proteaz-Z (TMPRSSZ), hava yolu mukozal membranlarinda bol miktarda bulunan proteazlardandir. SARS-COV-Z'nin konakçi hücrelere girisi, hem furin hem de TMPRSS2 tarafindan S proteininin hazirlanmasi ila mümkündür. Virüsün spike proteininin Sl trimerinden birinin yukari konuma geçmesi ile insan anjiyotensin dönüstürücü enzim 2 (ACEZ) reseptörüne baglanmasi sonrasi, SARS-COV-Z S proteininin 51 ve 52 alt birimleri, multibazik bölgede furin aracili bölünme ile ayrilir ve böylece füzyon peptidi üzerindeki engel kalkar ve TMPRSSZ"nin spike proteininin SZ' bölgesine yaklasimi mümkün hale gelir. SZ" proteolizi ile füzyon peptidinin bagli oldugu SZ alt biriminde heptad tekrar 1 geçerek füzyonu baslatmak için hazir hale gelmislerdir, Füzyon için bu süreç kritik bir baslangiçtir. HR formlari daha sonra Iüzyon çekirdegi için alti sarmalli bir demet (6-HB} olusturmak üzere birbirleriyle etkilesime girerler. 6-HB füzyon çekirdegi olusumu, viral partikülleri konakçi hücre zarlarina yakin hale getirir. Bu kritik asamada, konformasyonel degisikligin viral ve konak hücre zarlarini bir araya getirmesi için endozomal aSIdIfIkasyon gerelidir. Sonunda, membran tîizyonu meydana gelir ve Viral RNA sitoplazmaya salinir (Zhang Q, Xiang R, Huo S, Zhou Y, Jiang S, Wang Q, Yu F. , 2021 ) SARS-COV-Z, S protein ön-hazirliginin, ACE2 reseptörlerine baglanma, viral giris ve füzyon peptidlerinin açiga çikmasi açisindan kritik bir rolü vardir. Bu nedenle konakçi hücre serin proteaz TMPRSSZ en önemli ilaç hedeflerinden biridir. Klinik olarak kanitlanmis bir TMPR882 inhibitörü olan kamostat mesilat, kronik pankreatitin baslica semptomlarimn tedavisi için 1994'ten beri Foipan® markasi altinda onayli bir endikasyona sahiptir (Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2009). Moleküler doking analizi, Kamostat mesilat ve yapisal analogu Nafamostat'in, TMPRSSZ'nIn katalitik triyadinda bulunan His296 ve Ser441 rezidüleri ile güçlü bir sekilde etkilesime girdigini ortaya koymustur. (Sonawane KD, Barale SS, Dhanavade MJ, Waghmare SR, Nadaf NH, Kamble SA, Mohammed AA, Makandar AM, Fandilolu PM, Dound AS, Naik NM, More VB., 2021). Kamostat mesilatin, EC50'si ~lpM ve CC50500 uM olan Calu-3 hücrelerinde SARS CoV-2'yi önemli ölçüde inhibe ettigi gösterilmistir (Hoffmann M, KIeine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020) . Ayni arastirieilar tarafindan kamostat mesilatin insan akciger hücrelerinde SARS-COV-2 psödovirüs enfeksiyonunu (Hoffmann M, Kieine-Weber H, Sohroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020) ve Wu ve ark. tarafindan da Calu-3 hücrelerinde SARS-CoV-Z çogalmasini inhibe ettigi ortaya konmustur (Wu Z, 2020; published online Feb 24. ). Kamostat mesilatin COVID-l9"lu hastalarda etkinlik ve emniyetine iliskin tamamlanmamis çok sayida klinik çalisma olmasina ragmen yakin zamanlarda yayinlanmis klinik çalisma sonuçlari da giderek COVID-l9 literatürüne girmektedir (Sakr Y, Bensasi H, Taha A, Bauer M, Ismail K; the UAE-Jena Research Group., 2021) (Hofmann-Winkler, H., Moerer, O., Alt-Epping, S., Brâuer, A., Büttner, B., Müller, M., Fricke, T., Grundmann, J., Hamisch, L. 0., Heise, D., Kernchen, A., Pressler, M., Stephani, C., Tampe, B., Kaul, A., Gârtner, S., Kramer, S., Pöhlmann, S., & Winkler, M, 2020). Umifenovir (Arbidol®), influenza profilaksisinde ve tedavisinde Çin ve Rusya'da onaylanmis (Kadam RU, Wilson IA. , 2017) bir füzyon inhibitörüdür ve SARS-CoV-Z girisini ve hücreye giris sonrasi engellemede etkilidir (Vankadari N., 2020). Umifenovir, influenza Virüsü, koronavirüsler ve Ebola (Hulseberg CE, Fénéant L, Szymanska-de Wijs KM, Kessler NP, Nelson EA, Shoemaker CJ, Schmaljohn CS, Polyak SJ, White JM., 2019) dahil olmak üzere çesitli virüslere karsi genis spektrumlu bir in vitro antiviral aktiviteye sahiptir, (Kadam RU, Wilson IA. , 2017). SARS-COV-Z'ye karsi 2-20 ugml"l ICso'si ile viral girisi engeller (Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G., 2020). Ne yazik ki, umifenovir'in Cmaks'i, olagan terapötik dozlarin uygulanmasindan sonra 2 ugml'l'den düsüktür (Deng P, Zhong D, Yu K, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen X. ,2013) (Sun Y, He X, Qiu F, Zhu X, Zhao M, Li-Ling J, Su X, Zhao L., 2013). Ancak endozomal asidifikasyon inhibitörlerinin, umifenovir'in koronavirüslere karsi aktivitesini arttirdigi gösterilmistir. Umifenovirin antiviral aktivitesi, bir in vitro ortamda endozomal asitlestirrne inhibitörlerinin eklenmesinden sonra sinerjik olarak 10 kat arttirilmistir. (Zhao H, To KKW, Lam H, Zhou X, Chan JF, Peng Z, Lee ACY, Cai J, Chan WM, Ip JD, Chan CC, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Chu AWH, Jiang S, Yuen KY., 2021). Vero- E6 hücrelerinde bir pH modifikasyonu ile umifenovirin düsük konsantrasyonlarda (0.2-0.4 ugml-l] SARSCOV-Z'ye karsi antiviral aktivitesinin oldugu gösterilmistir. Tüm bu gerçekleri göz önünde bulundurarak, TMPRSSZ'yi (giris öncesi) ve füzyon peptitlerini (giris sonrasi) hedefleyen klinik olarak kanitlanmis ilaçlarin yeniden konumlandirilmasinin yani sira endozomal pH'in degistirilmesinin viral enfeksiyonun seyrini büyük ölçüde etkileyebilecegini öngörmekteyiz. Bu, virüsü endozomal hapsedecek ve pozitif sens RNA"sinin sitoplazmaya akisi engellenmis olacak ve virüs parçacigi kendisini kopyalayamayaeaktir. Yukarida tartisilan noktalari özetlemek gerekirse, daha önce yayinlanmis farmakodinamik/farmakokinetik bulgulari dikkate alarak, COVID-19, proton pompasi inhibitörleri ile kombine edildiginde konakçi proteaz ve Fuzojenik peptid inhibitörleri ile etkin bir sekilde tedavi edilebilir. PCR ile kanitli hafif ve orta siddette COVID-l9 hastalari için kamostat mesilat, umifenovir hidroklorür ve proton pompasi inhibitörlerinin kombinasyonunun simdiye kadar denenmedigi ve bu haliyle de etkin ve emniyetli bir tedavi seçenegi olacagi tarafimizdan öngörülmektedir. Skinner-Adams ve Davis mide paryetal hücrelerinde H+/K+ATPase inhibisyonunun endOZomal ortamda ayni pompayi baskilayarak endozomlarin asitlenmesini engelledigini göstermislerdir. Skinner-Adams ve Davis mide paryetal hücrelerinde H+/K+ATPase inhibisyonunun endozomal ortamda ayni pompayi baskilayarak endozomlarin asitlenmesini engelledigini gösteirnislerdir. Omeprazolün, bu yazarlar tarafindan, parazitik vakuollerde proton pompasini bloke ederek in vitro antimalaryal aktivite gösterdigi bildirilmistir (Skinner- Adams T, Davis TM., 43(5):1304-6.]. Bu bulgu koronavirüsler için Zhao ve arkadaslari tarafindan yakin zamanda yayinlanan bulgulara paraleldir (Zhao H, TO KKW, Lam H, Zhou X, Chan JF, Peng Z, Lee ACY, Cai J, Chan WM, Ip JD, Chan CC, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Chu AWH, Jiang S, Yuen KY., 2021]. Bu bulus çerçevesinde önerdigirniz umifenovir dozu günde 800 mg olup, in vitro hücre kültürlerinde elde edilen IC50 degerleri ile en uyumlu olanidir. Yukaridaki sonuçlar, halihazirda tüm dünyada COVID-19"a karsi yeterli bir antiviral ajanin olmadigini göstermektedir. Umifenovir ile ilgili ilk çalismalar influenza hemagiutinini üzerinden yapilmistir. Umifenovirin bir füzyon inhibitörü olarak en çok çalisildigi influenza suslari hemaglutininHl, H2, H3, H4 ve H5 üzerindeki afinitesine bakmak yeterli bir örnek olabilir. Füzyon peptidieri endozomal membranda konakçi membranina baglanamaz ve füzyon gerçeklesemez. Ayni sey, yeni SARS CoV-2 spike proteini için de geçerlidir. Umifenovirin spike proteini üzerinde de benzer bir mekanizma ile etki yaptigi gösterilmistir (Khamitov RA, Loginova Sla, Shchukina VN, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Shuster AM., 2008 ). Bugün birçok S proteininin Sl ve 52 arayüzünde ayristirildigi gösterilmis Olup buna 51/52 bölgesi denmektedir. Bu bölge füzyon peptidinin N-terminal bölgesine yakindir. Bu bölgenin ayrilmasi füzyon peptidinin Olgun N-terminusunu olusturmasi açisindan önemlidir. Hedef hücre membranina giris bu peptid sayesindedir. Bu gerçeklesemez ise basarili bir membran füzyon reaksiyonunun olmasi söz konusu olamaz (Hoffmann M., Hofmann-Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018) (Belouzard S, Chu VC, Whittaker GR., 2009] (Xia S, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang C, Hua C, Li W, Lu L, Jiang S., 2018). Umifenovir ve umifenovir inesilatla ribavirine karsi yapilan Çalismalarda, enfekte edildikten sonra kültüre edilmis GMK-AH-l (Di hücrelerinin yer aldigi besi ortamina bu ajanlarin sirasiyla 50, 25 ve 100 tig/ml konsantrasyonlarda ilavesinin viral replikasyonu doza bagimli olarak baskiladigi gösterilmistir (Khamitov RA, Loginova Sla, Shchukina VN, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Shuster AM., 2008 ]. Umifenovir ve mesilat tuzunun SARS virüsü kültüre edilmis hücrelerde erken viral replikasyonda dogrudan antiviral etkiye sahip oldugu gösterilmistir. Mesilat tuzunun kültüre edilmis hücrelerde SARS virüsünün çogalmasini azaltmada arbidolden yaklasik 5 kat daha etkili oldugu gösterilmistir. Umifenovirin interferon indükleyici etkisi literatürde yer almaktadir (Chen Qi, Yi-Ping, Chen Si-Yan, Yang, 2006) (Arastoo M, Khorram HR, Khorshid HRK, Radmanesh R, Gharibdoust F., 2014). Bu sekilde immunomodülatör bir etkiye sahiptir. Ayrica CD4 sayilarini arttirmistir (Arastoo M, Khorram HR, Khorshid HRK, Radmanesh R, Gharibdoust F., 2014]. Ayni yayinda umifenovirin antioksidan özellikleri de irdelenmistir. U mifenovirin Interferon-indükleyici etkisi tripsinize edilmis tavuk embriyo Iibroblastlarinda çalisilmistir. Interferon indüklemek ainaciyla umifenovir %2 dietilaminoetil dekstran"da 1:4 oraninda karistirilmis ve her bir fibroblast hücre kültür tüpüne 0.2 ml olarak ilave edilmistir. Ilaç uygulanmis hücreler 37°C`de 1 saat tutulduktan sonra hücreler yikanmistir. 8, 24 ve 48 saat tekrar inkübasyona tabi tutularak tavuk embriyo fibroblast hücreleri interferon açisindan titre edilmistir (Xia S, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang C, Hua C, LI W, Lu L, Jiang S., 2018)(Xia0 LiuQ.-G. Zhou H. Li et aL). Umifenovirin interferon indüksiyonu çift- Zincirli RF.Sub.2-faj RNA"s1na karsi çalisilmistir. Çift-Zincirli RF.sub.2-faj RNA oldukça aktif interferon indükleyicilerden biridir. Bu sonuçlar umifenovirin oldukça aktif bir interferon indükleyicisi oldugunu göstermektedir. 20 mg/ml konsantrasyonda 8 saat sonra ulasmistir. Daha önce de Hoffman ve ark. (Hoffmann M., Hofmann-Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018) tarafindan deneysel olarak gösterilen etkinlik ilk kez Avrupa ülkelerinden ikisinde denenmeye baslanmistir. Birincisi Danimarka digeri Almanya°dir. Spike proteini yapisal olarak trimer yapida bir çikintidir. Içeri girmesi için gerek konakçi proteazlari tarafindan nasil islem gördügü karmasik bir konudur. Viral spike proteininin Sl veSZ ünitelerinin proteolitik olarak seperasyonuna "priming", yani "hazirlama", "ön islem" denebilir ve bu sayede COVID-19 S proteinine membran füzyonu esnasinda kullanabilecegi yapisal bir fleksibilite kazandirilmis olur (Hoffmann M., Hofmann-Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018). Insan HIV zarf proteini ve yüksek derecede patojenik kus gribi A virüslerinin (FLUAV) hemaglutininleri ile yapilan ilk çalismalar, bu ayristirmanin enfekte olmus hücrelerin sekretuar yolaginda meydana geldigini ve furin ve subtilisin-benzeri proteazlar tarafindan gerçeklestirildigini göstermistir. Iki Kapma bölgesi (Sl/SZ) Ilk çalismalar koronavirüs S proteinlerinin proteolitik ayristirilmalarinin glukoproteinlerin yüzey ve transmembran birimleri arasindaki sinirda oldugunu ancak S protein aktivasyonu için birden fazla ayrisma bölgesi oldugunu göstermistir (Belouzard S, Chu VC, Whittaker GR., 2009). Belouzard ve ark."nin çalismasinda, 51752 sinir bölgesinin tripsinle aktivasyonunun SARS-COV S membran füzyonunda ne denli Önemli oldugunu göstermislerdir. Yani, trIpSIn aktivitesi olmadan SARS-COV°nün tîizyonu gerçeklesememektedir. Bugün birçok S proteininin S] ve SZ arayüzünde ayristirildigi gösterilmis olup buna Sl/S2 bölgesi denmektedir. Bu bölge füzyon peptidinin N-terminal bölgesine yakindir. Bu bölgenin ayrilmasi füzyon peptidinin olgun N-terminusunu olusturmasi açisindan önemlidir. Hedef hücre membranina giris bu peptid sayesindedir. Bu gerçeklesemesse basarili bir membran füzyon reaksiyonunun olmasi söz konusu olamaz (Hoffmann M., Hofmann- Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018) (Belouzard S, Chu VC, Whittaker GR., 2009] (Xia S, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang C, Hua C, Li W, Lu L, Jiang S., 2018]. Koronavirüslerinin hücreye giriste spike proteinini kullaniyor olmasi ilaç hedefi olarak bu proteinin ve aktivasyonu ile ilgili süreçleri ön plana çikarrnistir. 2019-nCOV-S "priming" sürecinin konak Transmembran Serin Proteaz 2 (TMPRSSZ) tarafindan yapildigi gösterilmistir. Endozomal proteazlardan ziyade (katepsin B ve L) akciger hedef hücrelerinin membranlarinda bulunan TMPRSSZ proteazlarinin CoV yayilimi ve çogalmasinda kritik önemi oldugu gösterilmistir (Hoffmann M, K leine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kiüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020). Gerçekten de, bir serin proteaz inhibitörü olan kamostat mesilatin TMPRSS2"ye karsi güçlü bir inhibitör oldugu ve 2019 n-Covinin CaC0-2 hücrelerine girisini engelledigi gösterilmistir (Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020). Endozomal bir proteaz olan katepsin B/L inhibitörü olan E64d,nin ise tam aksi bir etki gösterdigi ortaya konmustur (Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020) Bulusun kisa açiklamasi Bazi ruhsatli ilaçlar ve arastirilan ajanlar, in vitro olarak koronavirüsüne karsi antiviral aktivite göstermis olsalar da, su anda agir hastalikli COVID-19 hastalarinin tedavisinde kanitlanmis etkiye sahip herhangi bir antiviral ilaç yoktur. Bulusun amaci COVID-19 tedavisi için Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Proton Pompasi Inhibitörleri kombinasyonu kombine kullanimidir. Bulusun kapsaminda hidroklorür ve Proton Pompasi Inhibitörleri'nden birinin bilesiklerinin ayni farmasötik kompozisyonda (fiks doz kombinasyon), ayri farmasötik kompozisyonlarda (kombine kullanim) ve farkli farmasötik kom pozisyonlarda ayni kit ambalaj içerisinde bulunmalarini ifade eder. Bu bulusta etkili bir antiviral formülasyon için tablet veya sert jelatin kapsül10 formülasyonu olarak Umifenovir, Kamostat ve Protom pompasi inhibitörleri (tercihen s- omeprazol) kombinasyonu hazirlanmasi ön görülmüstür. Burada etkin maddelerin basitçe karisimlari hazirlanip dogrudan tablet halinde basilabilir. Bu durumda kullanilacak dolgu maddesi mikrokristal selüloz (Avicel) dir. Çünkü yüksek nem ortaminda proton pompasi ve diger maddelerin stabilitesi olumsuz yönde etkilenmektedir. Bir diger bir seçenek olarak etkin maddelerin PEG veya baska uygun bir yagda çözülerek çözülmüs halde veya süspande halde yumusak j elatin kapsül içine konulmasidir. Stabilitelerinin olumsuz yönde etkilenmemesi ve farmasötik geçimsizliklerin önüne geçilmesi için en iyi formülün ve hazirlanisin asagidaki gibi olmasi saglanmalidir: 500 g Kamostat üzerine %02 Aerosil ve % 0.5 magnezyum stearate ilave edilir, karistirilir ve üzerine 75 mg mikrokristal selüloz ilave edilir, karistirilir. - 500 g Umifenovir üzerine %02 Aerosil ilave edilir, karistirilir ve üzerine 75 mg mikrokristal selüloz ilave edilir, karistirilir. - Bu karisim birlestirilir ve karistirilir. - Ayri bir yerde bir tablette 40 mg proton pompasi (tercihen s-OmepraZOI) 20 mg mikrokristal selüloz ile karistirilir ve dogrudan tablet olarak basilir. Bu tablet katli tabletin iç çekirdek tableti olarak kullanilir. - Kamostat ve umifenovir karisimi ve çekirdek tablet olarak proton pompasi (tercihen S-omeprazol) katli tablet olarak basilir. Tarifnamede Kamostat ve Umifenovir ifadeleri tuz formlari belirtilmeden tek basina geçtiginde Kamostat Mesilat ve Umifenovir Hidroklorür anlasilmalidir. Bulusun detayli açiklamasi U mifenovir Rusya ve Çin'de ruhsatlandirilmis (Arbidol®) ve influenza A ve B enfeksiyonlari için profilaksi ve tedavi olarak 30 yila yakin bir süredir kullanilan bir üründür. Ne yazik ki bati ülkelerinde pek taninmamaktadir. COVID-19 salgini ile yeniden gündeme gelmis ve birçok çalisma protokolünde yer almistir. Son çalismalar füzyon inhibisyonunun rinovirüs ve koronavirüsler dahil genis bir virüs ailesi için geçerli oldugunu göstermistir (Brooks MJ, Sasadeusz JJ, Tannock GA, 2004 }. Subat ayinda ise umifenovir koronavirüs COVID- 19ia karsi kullanilmak üzere protokollere girmis ve Çinide klinik çalisma klavuzlarinin 7.nci baskisinda yayinlanmistir (Dong L, Hu SZ, Gao J., 2020) (Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia -Trial Version 7-, 2020). Etki mekanizmasi Viral füzyon mekanizmalari Umifenovirin etkisi viral füzyonu inhibe etmek suretiyle olup serum interferonunu indükleme kapasitesine de sahiptir (TeissierE1)(LenevaIAi. Umifenovir hidrokiorür, virüsün lipit zarinin konakçi hücrelerle füzyonunu inhibe ederek virüs replikasyonunu engeller. Kontrol grubu ile karsilastirildiginda, umifenovirin koronavirüsü 10-30 pmol / L'Iik bir konsantrasyonda 60 kata kadar etkili bir sekilde inhibe ettigi ve virüsün hücreler üzerindeki patolojik etkilerini önemli ölçüde azalttigi gösterilmistir. Umifenovirin yeni koronavirüsün olasi ilaç hedefleri baglaminda yapilan kenetlenme (docking) çalisma sonuçlari non-strüktürel proteinler (Nsp7_Nsp8 kompleksi, Nspl4, NsplS), E-kanal proteini 145.125 (Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhong W, Wang Y, Wang Q, Xu Y, Li M, Li X,Zheng M, Chen L, LI H., 2020]. Düsük skor degerleri düsük baglanma enerjilerini gösterme olup, afinite ile ters orantihdir. Spike proteini, TMPRSSZ, vb. gibi konakçi hücre proteazi ile Sl ve SZ'ye ayrilir. TMPRSSZ (transmembran serin proteaz 2] çoklu domain tipinde bir tip II transmembran serin proteazi olup Virüs yüzey glukoproteinlerini hemaglutinin ve spike gibi, giris ve füzyona hazirlamaktan sorumludur. Bu islem olmadigi taktirde hücreye giris ve füzyon gerçeklescmez. Sl'in ana islevi, konakçi hücre yüzey reseptörlerine baglanmaktir ve 52 alt birimi virüs hücresi ve hücre hücresi membran füzyonuna aracilik eder. Spikeün yapisal bütünlügü ve aktivasyonu virüs bulasiligi ve virülansinda anahtar rol oynar. Konak yüzeyinde Spike proteinlerini veya Spesifik reseptörleri hedefleyerek koronavirüsün konakçi hücrelere girmesini engellemek için terapötik stratejiler, anti-viral ilaçlarin gelisimi için degerli hedeflerdendir. Kamostat mesilat Japonya°da 1986 yilindan bu yana ruhsatlidir. Ana endikasyonu dar spektrumlu bir TMPRSSZ inhibitörü olmasidir, Bu sekilde aprotinin ve famostattan farkli olarak hemodinamik dengeleri ve tromboz süreci üzerinde etkili diger proteaz inhibitörleri gibi davranmaz. Kamostat 3x200 mg tedavi dozunda 8-10 gün süresince umifenovir hidroklorür ise 4x200 mg dozda ile kombine olarak verilmesi halinde etkili bir antiviral olacaktir.10 Önceki çalismalarda gerek umifenovir ve gerekse kamostat mesilat tek tek ve özellikle umifenovir günlük 600 mg dozda verilmistir. Bu kez umifenovir 4x200 mg olarak SARS COV-2`ye karsi optimum plazma düzeyine ulasacaktir.Bu çalismada hem bir füzyon inhibitörü ve hem de bir serin roteaz inhibitörü verilerek Viral klerens saglanmis olacak ve önceki çalismalarda tek tek uygulandiginda görülen etkilerin çok üzerinde sinerjik bir antiviral etki elde edilmis olacaktir. Bu bulusun belki de en öne çikan özelligi, bu ikili kombinasyona bir proton pompasi inhibitörü, tercihan esomeprazol 2 x 40 pozoloji ile eklenmis olmasidir. Konakçi hücre serin proteazlari, TMPRSSZ, viral spike proteininin Sl/SZ kenedinin reseptöiüne baglanmasi ile Viral girisi saglar. Kamostat mesilat güçlü TMPRSSZ inhibitörü olup virüsün disardan içeri girmesini engeller. Bu etkiden kurtulup hücre içine girmeyi basarmis virüsün endozomal membrandan füzyonu ise spike proteininin S2 füzyon peptidleri ile saglanir. Umifenovir bu asamada füzyon peptidlerine baglanarak bu süreci engeller. Bu sekilde birinci bariyeri assa bile virüs ikinci bariyere takilacagindan kamostat ve umifenovirinbirlikte kullanimi yeni koronavirüs (SARS-CoV-Z) üzerinde sinerjik bir baski yaratacaktir. Bumekanizmadan hareketle bu iki ilacin birlikte kullaniminin COVID- 19 enfeksiyonu üzerindeki etkisi dünyada ilk defa bu çalisma ile gösterilmis olacaktir. Buna ek olarak bu ikili kombinasyon, endozomal asidifikasyonu engelleyen herhangi bir proton pompasi inhibitörü ile güçlendirildiginde, sinerjik etki özellikle umifenovir için 10 kat antiviral potens olarak yansiyacaktir. lkincil amaç olarak bu çalismada kullanilan ilaçlarin tek tek mekanistik kurguyla klinik sonuç arasindaki korelasyonun ne kadar güçlü oldugunu ortaya koymak olacaktir. Örnegin sürekli mutasyona ugrayan viral proteazlari hedeflemektense, virüsün içeri girisinde ona yardimci olan ve hiçbir mutasyon riski olmayan TMRPSSZ gibi serin proteazlari hedeflemenin rasyonel oldugunu kanitlamak önemli bir çikis noktasidir. Virüsün spike proteininin ön hazirliginda (priming) konakçi proteazlarinin önemi çok iyi bilinmektedir. O halde virüse karsi hedeflerden birinin bu kritik enzimler olmasi dogrudur. Ön hazirlik olmadan spike proteininin Sl kismi 82°den siyrilamamakta ve anjiyotensin dönüstürücü enzim 2 (ACE 2) ye baglanamamakta ve hücre içine girememektedir. Kaçak oldugu taktirde onu endozomal membrandaki hapsinden sitoplazmaya saliverecek mekanizmalari da hedef almak sinerji kurgumuza katilacak ilacin neden bir genis spektrumlu antiviral ve füzyon inhibitörü oldugunu açiklar. Dolayisi ile kamostat mesilat, umifenovir hidroklorür10 ve proton pompasi inhibitörleri, tercihan omeprazol veya esomeprazol, veya lansoprazol veya pantoprazol, böyle bir sinerjizma beklentisi içinde birlikte kullaniminin test edilmesi bu ölümcül hastalik için beklenen bir tedavi seçenegi olarak durmaktadir. Kamostat bir TMRPPSZ proteaz inhibitörü ve umifenovir de bir füzyon peptid inhibitörüdür. Proton Pompasi Inhbibitörleri ise burada endozomal H+/K+ ATP"az inhibitörü olarak yer almaktadir. Yani virüsün konakçi hücresinin ana kapisindan girmesi halinde ikinci bir güvenlik bariyeri gibi düsünülebilir. Bu çalismada yapilan çok sayida preklinik mekanistik antiviral mekanizmalar insanda COVID-l9enfeksiyonunu standart tedaviye ve hatta bu ilaçlarin tek tek kullanildigi klinik sonuçlarla bilekiyaslanabilir bir veri elde etme sansini sunabilir. Bütün bunlar tedavinin yaninda spike ve ACE-2 kullanan bütün Viral hastaliklar için ilaç hedeflerinin seçilmesinde bIr öncü rol üstlenmesi açisindan da önemlidir çünkü bu üçlü tedavi semasi simdiye kadar dünyada hiç uygulanmamistir. Bu bulusta umifenovir dozu tercihen günde 800 mg olup, in vitro hücre kültürlerinde elde edilen ICso degerleri ile en uyumlu olanidir. Mevcut bulus, Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol magnezyum trihidrat kombinasyonu olup, özelligi COVID-19 hastaliginin önlenmesi, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesi veya tedavisi için kullanilmasidir. Bulusun bir düzenlemesinde Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidratiin farkli farmasötik kompozisyonlarda bulunabilir. Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombinasyonu tercihen es zamanli, ayri ayri veya ardisik olarak uygulanabilir. Kombinasyonda Kamostat Mesilat birim dozu tercihen 200 mg, Umifenovir Hidroklorür birim dozu tercihen 200mg°dir. Kamostat Mesilat tercihen günde 3 ila 4 defa, Umifenovir Hidroklorür tercihen günde 4 defa uygulanabilir. Omeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat ise günde 1 defa 40 mg veya 2 defa 40 mg°lik bir pozoloji ile uygulanabilir. Bulusun bir diger düzenlemesinde bulus konusu Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombinasyonu, COVID-l9 hastaliginin önlenmesi, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesi veya tedavisi için; günde 3 defa 200 mg Kamostat Mesilat, günde 4 defa ise 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve günde 2 defa 40 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombine olarak verilebilir. Bulusun bir diger düzenlemesinde söz konusu Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombinasyonu, COVID-19 hastaliginin önlenmesi, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesi veya tedavisi için; günde 4 defa 200 mg Kamostat Mesilat, günde 4 defa 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve ve günde 2 defa 40 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombine olarak verilebilir. Bulusun bir diger düzenlemesinde Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat kombine olarak ayni farmasötik kompozisyonda bulunur. Söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyon tercihen 120-200 mg arasi Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve 20-80 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içerebilir. Daha spesifik olarak, farmasötik kompozisyon 150 mg Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve 20 mg someprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içerebilir. Veya 200 mg Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve 40 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içerebilir. Veya 200 mg Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve 80 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içerebilir. Kamostat Mesilat ve Umifenovir Hidroklorür*ün ayni farmasötik kompozisyonda bulundugu söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyon tercihen farrnasötik açidan kabul edilebilir olan en az bir eksipiyan içerebilir. Söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyon tercihen 120-200 mg arasi Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve 40-80 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidratfarmasötik olarak kabul edilebilir olan en az bir eksipiyan içerebilir. Söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyon tercihen 150 mg arasi Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve farmasötik olarak kabul edilebilir olan en az bir eksipiyan içerebilir. Söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyon tercihen 200 mg arasi Kamostat Mesilat, 200 mg Umifenovir Hidroklorür, 40-80 mg esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat ve farmasötik olarak kabul edilebilir olan en az bir eksipiyan içerebilir. Farmasötik komposizyon tercihen tablet, kapsül veya diger oral kati dozaj formlarindan biriolabilir ve teknikte bilinen usullerle hazirlanabilir. Bulusun bir diger düzenlemesinde Kamostat Mesilat ve Umifenovir Hidrokiorür farkli farmasötik kom posizyonlarda ayni kit ambalaj içerisinde olabilir. Bulusun bütün düzenlemelerinde kombinasyon söz konusu hastaya tercihen 8-10 gün süresince uygulanabilir. Bulusun bütün düzenlemelerinde kombinasyonun uygulanacagi COVID-19 hastalari tercihen komplike olmayan ancak olasi veya kesin tanili COVID-19 hastalari olabilecektir. burada komplike olmayan hastalar; al ates, kas ve eklem agrilari, öksürük, bogaz agrisi ve nazal konjesyon gibi bulgulariolan; b) solunum sikintisi, takipne ve SPOZ < % 90 olmayan, Cl akciger filmi ve/veya akciger tomografisi normal olan hastalardir. Gelistirilen bulus ile klinik çalismalar yapilacak ve Kamostat Mesilat ve Umifenovir Hidroklorür kombinasyonunun ve kombine kullaniminin etkinligi gösterilmis olacaktir. TR TR DESCRIPTION COMBINATION OF CAMOSTAT MESILLATE AND UMIFENOVIR HYDROCHLORIDE WITH PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS Technical Field This invention relates to the combination of camostat mesylate, umifenovir hydrochloride and proton pump inhibitors in uncomplicated cases with probable/definite diagnosis of COVID-19. In this invention, it is envisaged to prepare a combination of Umifenovir, Kamostat and Protom pump inhibitors (preferably s-omeprazoll) as a tablet or hard gelatin capsule formulation for an effective antiviral formulation. These uncomplicated patients present symptoms such as fever, muscle/joint pain, cough, sore throat and nasal congestion. These are patients who do not have respiratory distress, tachypnea and SP02 < 90%, and whose chest x-ray and/or chest tomography are normal. State of the Art Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome, or ODSS (Middle East respiratory syndrome) MERS. While the infections caused by -CoV remain fresh in our memories, a new type of deadly coronavirus, SARS-COV, emerged in Wuhan, China in 2019 and rapidly spread all over the world. In around 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses officially designated this virus. SARS-COV-2, which has adopted the name "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), is, as the name suggests, the new form of SARS-CoV. After the century-old tragedy of the Spanish flu, humanity has been struggling with a brand new frightening threat, the coronavirus, for more than a year (Wu ZI 2020; day by day, a significant number of people are added to the number of infected people. Unfortunately, as of December 15, 2021 More than 270 million people in the world are infected and there are over 5 million deaths due to the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which requires invasive mechanical ventilation. At least half of the patients died in hospital and affected healthcare systems, especially in the 62nd century in many countries. Although it tends to resolve on its own, severe pneumonia develops, leading to hypoxemic respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi-organ failure requiring ventilation support. At least half of the patients with this disease (COVLD-19) die in the hospital and reach healthcare systems. There are no antiviral treatments with proven efficacy in the treatment of CO VlD-1Q patients with antiviral disease against SARS-COV-2 in vitro, particularly overwhelming the burden on intensive care units in many countries. In a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled study of hydroxychloroquine, including 150 adults hospitalized with a diagnosis of COVID-19, it was reported that the drug had no significant effect on accelerating viral clearance (Tang W, 2020; published In another study, favipiravir and umifenovir were compared in terms of clinical improvement. In the Favipiravir group, 98 of 16 patients had moderate COVID-19 and 18 of them had severe COVID-19, while 42 COVID-19 patients were found to have hypertension and diabetes, and 120 patients in the Umifenovir group, 11 of them were moderate. and 9 were severe COVID-19 patients. It was determined that 35 of the patients in this group had co-morbidities such as hypertension and diabetes. The clinical recovery rates were 51.67% (62/120) in patients using umifenovir and 61.21% (71/116) in patients using favipiraVir. While no statistically significant difference was found between them (P: 0.1396 (Chen C, 2020; published online April However, the umifenovir (Arbidol) dose used here was administered as 200 mg tid for 7-10 days. This dose is not sufficient for SARS-COV-Z inhibition. Maximum umifenovir plasma concentration (Cmax) increased and was reached with increasing intake dose (Metz R, Muth P, Ferger M, Kukes VG, Vergin H.). Ge et al. (2020) showed that arbidol alone inhibited SARS-CoV-2 by 98% in cell cultures in vitro at a concentration of 30 pM (Ge Y et al., 2020). The antiviral effect decreases at low concentrations. Chen et al. The dose they use is 600 mg per day. No superior effect was achieved than favipiravir as monotherapy. The dose of umifenovir we recommend in this clinical study protocol is 800 mg per day, and an open-label study obtained in in vitro cell cultures showed that the lopinavir/ritonavir combination did not affect the primary outcome in terms of clinical improvement compared to control and increased viral RNA titers. The study by Zhu et al., published on April 14, 2020, showing the superiority of umifenovir (Arbidol) monotherapy over lopinavir/ritonavir, brought umifenovir one step further in this context (Zhu Z, 2020). A chest CT scan was performed by taking a throat swab from 50 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and conventional treatment was applied to all patients, including oxygen inhalation (2L/min for half an hour and 3 times a day) and atomized inhalation of recombinant human interferon-(1213 injection). These patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir. They were divided into two groups: lopinavir/ritonavir group (34 cases) and umifenovir (arbidol) (16 cases). No difference was observed between the initial Ct values (cycle threshold) of both groups in terms of genes during one week (P0.05). While viral load could not be detected in half of the patients given umifenovir on the seventh day, this rate was determined as 235% in the opinavir/ritonavir group. Interestingly, viral clearance was achieved in all patients receiving umifenovir on the 14th day. This rate was found to be 44% in the patients in the umifenovir group. Compared to the lopinavir/ritonavir group, the positive RNA time was detected to be shorter (P<0.01) (Zhu Z, 2020). Remdesivir is a monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analog with a broad antiviral spectrum, including against filoviruses, paramyxoviruses, pneumoviruses, and coronaviruses. (Wang Y. et al., 2020 Published online April 29, inhibited all human and animal coronaviruses tested (COV-2, and SARS-COV-1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Antiviral against coronaviruses in animal models and demonstrated clinical effects. In the lethal inurin model of MERS, remdesivir was found to be superior to the combined interferon beta and lopinavir-ritonavir regimen. Remdesivir is a potent inhibitor of SARS-COV-2 replication in human nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells (Wang Y. et al.). Published online April 29, 2020. infection, early administration of remdesivir has been shown to produce significant antiviral and clinical effects (reduced pulmonary infiltrates and virus titers in bronchoalveolar lavages). Intravenous remdesivir has been shown to be adequately tolerated but less effective than several monoclonal antibody therapies in Ebola virus disease. and in some countries it has been used on an individual compassionate basis in patients with COVID-19 over the past few months. It has been reported to be beneficial in seriously ill patients in COVID-19 case studies. However, the clinical and antiviral efficacy of remdesivir in COVID-19 has not yet been determined. The study summarized below includes the results of Wang et al.'s first placebo-controlled randomized trial of remdesivir in patients with severe COVID-19, published in The Lancetite April 29. They did not find time to clinical recovery in the remdesivir group to be significantly different compared to placebo in the remdesivir group. This period was recorded at a median of 21.0 days [IQR]. 28-day mortality was also similar between the two groups (22 [14%] in the remdesivir group over the next 10 days, although 28-day mortality was numerically higher in the placebo group. On the contrary, in the late-use patient group, remdesivir patients were found to have a numerically higher 28-day mortality, but it was stated that there was no significant difference in clinical recovery rates between the groups on days 14 and 28, while there was no significant difference between the groups in the remdesivir group. A numerically higher figure was obtained compared to the group. For patients assigned to the remdesivir group, the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation was not significantly different. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of oxygen support duration, length of hospital stay, days from randomization to discharge, days from randomization to death, and the distribution of the six-category scale on days 7, 14, and 28. The above results show that there is currently no adequate antiviral agent against COVID-19 all over the world. Besides the availability of vaccines, the frightening and even more dramatic side of the issue is that a fully proven and effective treatment option has not yet emerged. To treat coronavirus infection It is not possible to talk about a real treatment option. Researchers in academia and the pharmaceutical industry are now focused on the repositioning of existing drugs and/or the development of new drugs against COVID-19. It is observed that authorities around the world have positive views on emergency use authorizations for possible drug candidates. To gain time in the race to find the virus, its repositioning remains promising and is the main theme of this patent application. It is crucial to understand the mechanisms of virus entry and post-entry viral fusion in the human mucosa. When it comes into contact with cells, preparation for entry into the cell by host proteases is one of the most important initial mechanisms (Benton DJ, Wrobel AG, Xu P, Roustan C, Martin SR, Rosenthal PB, Skehel JJ, Gamblin SJ., 2020). The preparation of spike protein occurs through proteolysis on the surface of human respiratory tract mucosal cells. Furin and transmembrane serine protease-Z (TMPRSSZ) are proteases abundant in airway mucosal membranes. Entry of SARS-COV-Z into host cells is possible through priming of the S protein by both furin and TMPRSS2. After binding to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACEZ) receptor by moving one of the S1 trimer of the virus spike protein to the up position, subunits 51 and 52 of the SARS-COV-Z S protein are separated by furin-mediated cleavage in the multibasic region, thus removing the barrier on the fusion peptide. The approach of TMPRSSZ to the SZ' region of the spike protein becomes possible. With the SZ" proteolysis, the heptad passes 1 again in the SZ subunit to which the fusion peptide is attached, thus becoming ready to initiate fusion. This process is a critical beginning for fusion. The HR forms then interact with each other to form a six-helix bundle {6-HB} for the fusion nucleus. 6-HB fusion nucleus formation brings the viral particles into close proximity to the host cell membranes. In this critical step, the conformational change brings the viral and host cell membranes together. Endosomal acidification is required for its assembly. Eventually, membrane fusion occurs and Viral RNA is released into the cytoplasm (Zhang Q, Xiang R, Huo S, Zhou Y, Jiang S, Wang Q, Yu F., 2021) SARS-COV-Z, S Protein priming has a critical role in binding to ACE2 receptors, viral entry, and release of fusion peptides. Therefore, the host cell serine protease TMPRSSZ is one of the most important drug targets. It has an approved indication under the brand name Foipan® since 1994 (Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 2009). Molecular docking analysis showed that Kamostat mesylate and its structural analogue Nafamostat are potent with His296 and Ser441 residues located in the catalytic triad of TMPRSSZ. revealed that they interact in some way. (Sonawane KD, Barale SS, Dhanavade MJ, Waghmare SR, Nadaf NH, Kamble SA, Mohammed AA, Makandar AM, Fandilolu PM, Dound AS, Naik NM, More VB., 2021). Camostat mesylate has been shown to significantly inhibit SARS CoV-2 in Calu-3 cells with an EC50 of ~1pM and CC50500 uM (Hoffmann M, KIeine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS , Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020) . The same studies also showed that camostat mesylate prevented SARS-COV-2 pseudovirus infection in human lung cells (Hoffmann M, Kieine-Weber H, Sohroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA , Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020) and Wu et al. It has also been shown to inhibit the proliferation of SARS-CoV-Z in Calu-3 cells (Wu Z, 2020; published online Feb 24.). Although there are many incomplete clinical studies regarding the efficacy and safety of camostat mesylate in patients with COVID-19, recently published clinical study results are increasingly entering the COVID-19 literature (Sakr Y, Bensasi H, Taha A, Bauer M, Ismail K; the UAE -Jena Research Group., 2021) (Hofmann-Winkler, H., Moerer, O., Alt-Epping, S., Brâuer, A., Büttner, B., Müller, M., Fricke, T., Grundmann, J., Hamisch, L. 0., Heise, D., Kernchen, A., Pressler, M., Stephani, C., Tampe, B., Kaul, A., Gârtner, S., Kramer, S., Pöhlmann, S., & Winkler, M, 2020) Umifenovir (Arbidol®) is a fusion inhibitor approved in China and Russia for the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza (Kadam RU, Wilson IA., 2017) and prevents SARS-CoV-Z entry and treatment. It is effective in blocking post-entry into the cell (Vankadari N., 2020), influenza Virus, coronaviruses and Ebola (Hulseberg CE, Fénéant L, Szymanska-de Wijs KM, Kessler NP, Nelson EA, Shoemaker CJ, Schmaljohn CS, Polyak SJ, White). It has a broad-spectrum in vitro antiviral activity against various viruses, including JM., 2019), (Kadam RU, Wilson IA. , 2017). It blocks viral entry with its IC50 of 2-20 µgml against SARS-COV-Z (Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, Shi Z, Hu Z, Zhong W, Xiao G., 2020). Unfortunately, the Cmax of umifenovir is lower than 2 µgml after administration of usual therapeutic doses (Deng P, Zhong D, Yu K, Zhang Y, Wang T, Chen X., 2013). ) (Sun Y, He X, Qiu F, Zhu X, Zhao M, Li-Ling J, Su was synergistically increased by 10-fold after the addition of endosomal acidification inhibitors in an in vitro setting (Zhao H, To KKW, Lam H, Zhou X, Chan JF, Peng Z, Lee ACY, Cai J, Chan WM, Ip JD, Chan CC, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Chu AWH, Jiang S, Yuen KY., 2021) It has been shown that umifenovir has antiviral activity against SARSCOV-Z at low concentrations (0.2-0.4 ugml-1) with a pH modification in Vero-E6 cells. Considering the facts, we foresee that repositioning clinically proven drugs targeting TMPRSSZ (pre-entry) and fusion peptides (post-entry) as well as altering endosomal pH can greatly affect the course of viral infection. This will entrap the virus in the endosomal and the flow of positive sense RNA into the cytoplasm will be blocked and the virus particle will not be able to replicate itself. To summarize the points discussed above, taking into account previously published pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic findings, COVID-19, when combined with proton pump inhibitors, host protease and It can be effectively treated with fusogenic peptide inhibitors. We predict that the combination of camostat mesylate, umifenovir hydrochloride and proton pump inhibitors has not been tried so far for PCR-proven mild and moderate COVID-19 patients, and as such, it will be an effective and safe treatment option. Skinner-Adams and Davis showed that inhibition of H+/K+ATPase in gastric parietal cells prevented the acidification of endosomes by suppressing the same pump in the endosomal environment. Skinner-Adams and Davis have shown that inhibition of H+/K+ATPase in gastric parietal cells prevents the acidification of endosomes by suppressing the same pump in the endosomal environment. Omeprazole was reported by these authors to show in vitro antimalarial activity by blocking the proton pump in parasitic vacuoles (Skinner-Adams T, Davis TM., 43(5):1304-6.]. This finding was reported for coronaviruses in a recently published report by Zhao et al. (Zhao H, TO KKW, Lam H, Zhou X, Chan JF, Peng Z, Lee ACY, Cai J, Chan WM, Ip JD, Chan CC, Yeung ML, Zhang AJ, Chu AWH, Jiang S, Yuen KY ., 2021]. The dose of umifenovir we recommend within the framework of this invention is 800 mg per day, which is the most compatible with the IC50 values obtained in in vitro cell cultures. The above results show that there is currently no adequate antiviral agent against COVID-19 all over the world. The first relevant studies were carried out on influenza hemagglutinin. Looking at the affinity of umifenovir on the influenza strains hemagglutinin H1, H2, H3, H4 and H5, in which it has been most studied as a fusion inhibitor, may be a sufficient example. Fusion peptides cannot bind to the host membrane in the endosomal membrane and fusion cannot occur. The same is true for the new SARS CoV-2 spike protein. It has been shown that umifenovir acts on the spike protein with a similar mechanism (Khamitov RA, Loginova Sla, Shchukina VN, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Shuster AM., 2008). Today, it has been shown that many S proteins are separated at the interface of S1 and 52, and this is called the 51/52 region. This region is close to the N-terminal region of the fusion peptide. Cleavage of this region is important for the fusion peptide to form its mature N-terminus. Entry into the target cell membrane is thanks to this peptide. If this cannot occur, a successful membrane fusion reaction is out of the question (Hoffmann M., Hofmann-Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018) (Belouzard S, Chu VC, Whittaker GR., 2009] (Xia S, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang C, Hua C, Li W, Lu L, Jiang S., 2018). In studies conducted against umifenovir and umifenovir inesylate and ribavirin, these agents were added to cultured GMK-AH-1 (Di cells) after infection. It has been shown that the addition of 50, 25 and 100 tig/ml concentrations suppresses viral replication in a dose-dependent manner (Khamitov RA, Loginova Sla, Shchukina VN, Borisevich SV, Maksimov VA, Shuster AM., 2008]. It has been shown that mesylate salt has a direct antiviral effect on viral replication. The interferon-inducing effect of umifenovir has been shown to be approximately 5 times more effective than arbidol in reducing the proliferation of the SARS virus in cultured cells (Chen Qi, Yi-Ping, Chen Si-Yan, Yang, 2006). ) (Arastoo M, Khorram HR, Khorshid HRK, Radmanesh R, Gharibdoust F., 2014). In this way, it has an immunomodulatory effect. It also increased CD4 counts (Arastoo M, Khorram HR, Khorshid HRK, Radmanesh R, Gharibdoust F., 2014]. In the same publication, the antioxidant properties of umifenovir were also examined. The Interferon-inducing effect of mifenovir was studied in trypsinized chicken embryo Iibroblasts. Umifenovir % in order to induce interferon. 2 diethylaminoethyl dextran was mixed at a ratio of 1:4 and 0.2 ml was added to each fibroblast cell culture tube. After the drug-treated cells were kept at 37°C for 1 hour, the cells were washed. Chicken embryos were incubated for 8, 24 and 48 hours again. fibroblast cells were titrated for interferon (Xia S, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang C, Hua C, LI W, Lu L, Jiang S., 2018)(Xia0 LiuQ.-G. Zhou H. Li et al). Interferon induction was studied against double-chained RF.sub.2-phage RNA. Double-chained RF.sub.2-phage RNA is one of the highly active interferon inducers. These results show that umifenovir is a highly active interferon inducer. It reached a concentration of 20 mg/ml after 8 hours. Previously, Hoffman et al. The effectiveness, which was demonstrated experimentally by (Hoffmann M., Hofmann-Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018), has started to be tested for the first time in two European countries. The first is Denmark and the other is Germany. Structurally, the spike protein is a protrusion in a trimer structure. How it is processed by host proteases for entry is a complex issue. The proteolytic separation of the S1 and SZ units of the viral spike protein can be called "priming", that is, "preparation", "pre-treatment", and thus the COVID-19 S protein is given structural flexibility that it can use during membrane fusion (Hoffmann M., Hofmann-Winkler H. , Pöhlmann S., 2018). Early studies with human HIV envelope protein and hemagglutinins of highly pathogenic avian influenza A viruses (FLUAV) showed that this degradation occurs in the secretory pathway of infected cells and is carried out by furin and subtilisin-like proteases. Two Snatch Zones (Sl/SZ) Early studies have shown that proteolytic cleavage of coronavirus S proteins occurs at the boundary between the surface and transmembrane units of glycoproteins, but there is more than one cleavage site for S protein activation (Belouzard S, Chu VC, Whittaker GR., 2009). In the study of Belouzard et al., they showed how important the activation of the 51752 nerve region with trypsin is in SARS-COV S membrane fusion. In other words, fusion of SARS-COV cannot occur without the activity of trIpSI. Today, it has been shown that many S proteins are dissociated at the S] and SZ interface. This region is called the S1/S2 region. This region is close to the N-terminal region of the fusion peptide. The separation of this region is important for the formation of the mature N-terminus of the fusion peptide. If this does not occur, a successful membrane fusion reaction cannot occur. Hoffmann M., Hofmann- Winkler H., Pöhlmann S., 2018) (Belouzard S, Chu VC, Whittaker GR., 2009] (Xia S, Xu W, Wang Q, Wang C, Hua C, Li W, Lu L , Jiang S., 2018]. The fact that coronaviruses use the spike protein to enter the cell has highlighted the processes related to this protein and its activation as a drug target. It has been shown that the "priming" process of 2019-nCOV-S is carried out by the host Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSSZ). It has been shown that TMPRSSZ proteases, which are found in the membranes of lung target cells rather than endosomal proteases (cathepsin B and L), are of critical importance in the spread and proliferation of CoV (Hoffmann M, K leine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Kiüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020). Indeed, camostat mesylate, a serine protease inhibitor, has been shown to be a potent inhibitor against TMPRSS2 and blocks the entry of 2019 n-Covin into CaC0-2 cells (Hoffmann M, Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S , Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020). It has been shown that E64d, an endosomal protease cathepsin B/L inhibitor, has the opposite effect (Hoffmann M). , Kleine-Weber H, Schroeder S, Krüger N, Herrler T, Erichsen S, Schiergens TS, Herrler G, Wu NH, Nitsche A, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pöhlmann S., 2020) Brief description of the invention Some licensed drugs and investigational Although these agents have demonstrated antiviral activity against coronavirus in vitro, there are currently no antiviral drugs with proven efficacy in the treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients. The purpose of the invention is the combined use of Kamostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Proton Pump Inhibitors for the treatment of COVID-19. . Within the scope of the invention, it means that the compounds of hydrochloride and one of the Proton Pump Inhibitors are present in the same pharmaceutical composition (fixed dose combination), in separate pharmaceutical compositions (combined use) and in different pharmaceutical combination positions in the same kit packaging. In this invention, it is envisaged to prepare a combination of Umifenovir, Camostat and Protom pump inhibitors (preferably someprazole) as a tablet or hard gelatin capsule10 formulation for an effective antiviral formulation. Here, simple mixtures of active ingredients can be prepared and directly pressed into tablets. In this case, the filler to be used is microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel). Because the stability of the proton pump and other substances is negatively affected in a high humidity environment. Another option is to dissolve the active ingredients in PEG or another suitable oil and place them in a soft gelatin capsule in dissolved or suspended form. In order to prevent their stability from being negatively affected and to prevent pharmaceutical incompatibilities, the best formula and preparation should be as follows: 02% Aerosil and 0.5% magnesium stearate are added to 500 g Camostat, mixed, and 75 mg microcrystalline cellulose is added and mixed. - Add 02% Aerosil to 500 g Umifenovir, mix, and add 75 mg microcrystalline cellulose and mix. - This mixture is combined and mixed. - In a separate tablet, 40 mg of proton pump (preferably s-OmepraZOI) is mixed with 20 mg of microcrystalline cellulose and pressed directly as a tablet. This tablet is used as the inner core tablet of the folded tablet. - It is pressed as a mixture of camostat and umifenovir and a proton pump (preferably S-omeprazole) coated tablet as a core tablet. When the terms Kamostat and Umifenovir are used alone in the specification, without specifying the salt forms, they should be understood as Kamostat Mesylate and Umifenovir Hydrochloride. Detailed description of the invention U mifenovir is a product licensed in Russia and China (Arbidol®) and has been used for nearly 30 years as prophylaxis and treatment for influenza A and B infections. Unfortunately, it is not well known in western countries. It came to the fore again with the COVID-19 epidemic and was included in many study protocols. Recent studies have shown that fusion inhibition is valid for a wide family of viruses, including rhinoviruses and coronaviruses (Brooks MJ, Sasadeusz JJ, Tannock GA, 2004). In February, umifenovir entered the protocols for use against coronavirus COVID-19 and was included in the 7th edition of the clinical trial guidelines in China. (Dong L, Hu SZ, Gao J., 2020) (Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia -Trial Version 7-, 2020). Mechanism of action Viral fusion mechanisms The effect of umifenovir is by inhibiting viral fusion and has the capacity to induce serum interferon. also has (TeissierE1)(LenevaIAi. Umifenovir hydrochloride inhibits virus replication by inhibiting the fusion of the lipid membrane of the virus with host cells. Compared with the control group, umifenovir effectively inhibited the coronavirus up to 60-fold at a concentration of 10-30 pmol / L and the virus It has been shown to significantly reduce the pathological effects on cells. The docking study results of umifenovir in the context of possible drug targets of the new coronavirus include non-structural proteins (Nsp7_Nsp8 complex, Nspl4, NsplS), E-channel protein 145.125 (Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhong W, Wang Y , Wang Q, Xu Y, Li M, Li X, Zheng M, Chen L, LI H., 2020]. It is cleaved by protease into S1 and SZ. TMPRSSZ (transmembrane serine protease 2] is a multi-domain type II transmembrane serine protease and is responsible for preparing virus surface glycoproteins, such as hemagglutinin and spike, for entry and fusion. Without this process, entry into the cell and fusion will not occur. The main function of S1 is to bind to host cell surface receptors, and its 52 subunit mediates virus cell and cell membrane fusion. Structural integrity and activation of Spike play a key role in virus infectivity and virulence by targeting Spike proteins or Specific receptors on the host surface, allowing the coronavirus to enter host cells. Therapeutic strategies to prevent it are valuable targets for the development of anti-viral drugs. Camostat mesylate has been licensed in Japan since 1986. Its main indication is that it is a narrow-spectrum TMPRSSZ inhibitor. In this way, unlike aprotinin and famostat, it does not act like other protease inhibitors effective on hemodynamic balance and thrombosis process. Camostat will be an effective antiviral if given in combination with umifenovir hydrochloride at a dose of 4x200 mg for 8-10 days at a treatment dose of 3x200 mg. 10 In previous studies, both umifenovir and camostat mesylate were given individually and especially umifenovir at a daily dose of 600 mg. This time, umifenovir will reach the optimum plasma level against SARS COV-2 as 4x200 mg. In this study, viral clearance will be achieved by administering both a fusion inhibitor and a serine rotease inhibitor, and a synergistic antiviral effect will be much higher than the effects seen when administered individually in previous studies. will be obtained. Perhaps the most prominent feature of this invention is that a proton pump inhibitor, preferably esomeprazole, is added to this dual combination with a dosage of 2 x 40. Host cell serine proteases, TMPRSSZ, enable viral entry by binding of the viral spike protein to the receptor of the Sl/SZ anchor. Camostat mesylate is a strong TMPRSSZ inhibitor and prevents the virus from entering from the outside. The fusion of the virus, which has escaped this effect and managed to enter the cell, from the endosomal membrane is achieved by the S2 fusion peptides of the spike protein. Umifenovir prevents this process by binding to fusion peptides at this stage. In this way, even if it overcomes the first barrier, the virus will be stuck in the second barrier, so the combined use of camostat and umifenovir will create a synergistic pressure on the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-Z). Based on this mechanism, the effect of the combined use of these two drugs on COVID-19 infection will be shown for the first time in the world with this study. Additionally, when this dual combination is potentiated with any proton pump inhibitor that inhibits endosomal acidification, the synergistic effect will be reflected in a 10-fold antiviral potency, particularly for umifenovir. The secondary aim will be to reveal how strong the correlation is between the mechanistic setup of the individual drugs used in this study and the clinical outcome. For example, rather than targeting viral proteases that constantly mutate, an important starting point is to prove that it is rational to target serine proteases such as TMRPSSZ, which help the virus enter and have no risk of mutation. The importance of host proteases in the priming of the virus spike protein is well known. It is true, then, that one of the targets against the virus is these critical enzymes. Without preliminary preparation, the Sl part of the spike protein cannot escape from 82° and cannot bind to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) and enter the cell. Targeting the mechanisms that will release it from its confinement in the endosomal membrane into the cytoplasm in case of leakage explains why the drug that will join our synergy setup is a broad-spectrum antiviral and fusion inhibitor. Therefore, testing the combined use of camostat mesylate, umifenovir hydrochloride10, and proton pump inhibitors, preferably omeprazole or esomeprazole, or lansoprazole or pantoprazole, in anticipation of such synergism, remains an anticipated treatment option for this fatal disease. Camostat is a TMRPPSZ protease inhibitor and umifenovir is a fusion peptide inhibitor. Proton Pump Inhibitors are included here as endosomal H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors. In other words, they can be considered as a second security barrier in case the virus enters through the main gate of the host cell. Many preclinical mechanistic antiviral mechanisms performed in this study prevent COVID-19 infection in humans from standard treatment and even this. All of this may offer the chance of obtaining comparable data with clinical results when drugs are used individually. All of this is also important in terms of playing a leading role in the selection of drug targets for all viral diseases using spike and ACE-2, because this triple treatment scheme has never been applied in the world until now. In the invention, the dose of umifenovir is preferably 800 mg per day, which is most compatible with the IC50 values obtained in in vitro cell cultures. The present invention is a combination of Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate, and its feature is to be used for the prevention, delaying the progression or treatment of COVID-19 disease. . In one embodiment of the invention, Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride, and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate may be present in different pharmaceutical compositions. The combination of Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate may preferably be administered simultaneously, separately or sequentially. In combination, the unit dose of Kamostat Mesylate is preferably 200 mg, and the unit dose of Umifenovir Hydrochloride is preferably 200 mg. Camostat Mesylate can preferably be administered 3 to 4 times a day, Umifenovir Hydrochloride preferably 4 times a day. Omeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate can be administered with a dosage of 40 mg once or 40 mg twice a day. In another embodiment of the invention, the combination of Kamostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate, which is the subject of the invention, is used for the prevention, delaying the progression or treatment of COVID-19 disease; 200 mg Kamostat Mesylate 3 times a day, 200 mg Umifenovir Hydrochloride 4 times a day and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate equivalent to 40 mg esomeprazole twice a day can be given in combination. In another embodiment of the invention, the combination of Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate is used for the prevention, delaying the progression or treatment of COVID-19 disease; 200 mg Kamostat Mesylate 4 times a day, 200 mg Umifenovir Hydrochloride 4 times a day and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate equivalent to 40 mg esomeprazole twice a day can be given in combination. In another embodiment of the invention, Camostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate are combined in the same pharmaceutical composition. The pharmaceutical composition may preferably contain 120-200 mg of Camostat Mesylate, 200 mg of Umifenovir Hydrochloride and 20-80 mg of esomeprazole equivalent to Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. More specifically, the pharmaceutical composition may contain 150 mg of Kamostat Mesylate, 200 mg of Umifenovir Hydrochloride and 20 mg of someprazole equivalent to Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. Or it may contain 200 mg Camostat Mesylate, 200 mg Umifenovir Hydrochloride and 40 mg esomeprazole equivalent to Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. Or it may contain 200 mg Camostat Mesylate, 200 mg Umifenovir Hydrochloride and 80 mg Esomeprazole equivalent to Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. Said pharmaceutical composition, in which Camostat Mesylate and Umifenovir Hydrochloride are present in the same pharmaceutical composition, may preferably contain at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition may preferably contain at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient equivalent to 120-200 mg Camostat Mesylate, 200 mg Umifenovir Hydrochloride and 40-80 mg esomeprazole equivalent to Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. The pharmaceutical composition may preferably contain 150 mg of Camostat Mesylate, 200 mg of Umifenovir Hydrochloride and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition may preferably contain 200 mg of Camostat Mesylate, 200 mg of Umifenovir Hydrochloride, 40-80 mg of esomeprazole equivalent Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceutical composition may preferably be a tablet, capsule or other oral solid dosage form and may be prepared by methods known in the art. In another embodiment of the invention, Camostat Mesylate and Umifenovir Hydrochloride can be in the same kit packaging in different pharmaceutical compositions. In all embodiments of the invention, the combination can be administered to the patient in question, preferably for 8-10 days. In all embodiments of the invention, the COVID-19 patients to whom the combination will be applied will preferably be uncomplicated but with a possible or definite diagnosis of COVID-19. uncomplicated patients here; Symptoms such as fever, muscle and joint pain, cough, sore throat and nasal congestion; b) Patients who do not have respiratory distress, tachypnea and SPOZ < 90%, and whose CI chest x-ray and/or lung tomography are normal. Clinical studies will be conducted with the developed invention and the effectiveness of the combination of Camostat Mesylate and Umifenovir Hydrochloride and their combined use will be demonstrated.TR TR

Claims (1)

1.ISTEMLER Covid-19 hastaliginin önlenmesi, ilerlemesinin geciktirilmesi veya tedavisi için Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içeren kombinasyon. Istem 1'e göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat'in farkli farmasötik kompozisyonlarda bulunmasidir. Önceki istemlere göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu kombinasyonun es zamanli, ayri ayri veya ardisik uygulanmasidir. Önceki istemlerden birine göre bir kombinasyon olup, özelligi Kamostat Mesilat birim dozunun 200 mg, Umifenovir Hidroklorür birim dozunun 200mg ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat birim dozunun 40 mg esomeprazole esdeger olmasidir. Önceki istemlerden birine göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi Kamostat Mesilat'in günde 3 ila 4 defa, Umifenovir Hidroklorür'ün günde 4 defa Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat'in günde 2 defa uygulanmasidir. Istem 1'e göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidratün ayni farmasötik kompozisyonda bulunmasidir. Istem 6'ya göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyonun esomeprazole esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içermesidir. Istem 7'ye göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyonun esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat Içermesidir. istem 7'ye göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyonun esdeger Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat içermesidir. Istem 6 ile 9 arasindan herhangi birine göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu farmasötik kompozisyonun farmasötik açidan kabul edilebilir en az bir eksipiyan içermesidir. Istem 1'e göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi Kamostat Mesilat, Umifenovir Hidroklorür ve Esomeprazol Magnezyum Trihidrat'in farkli farmasötik komposizyonlarda ayni kit ambalaj içerisinde olmasidir. Önceki istemlerden herhangi birine göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu kombinasyonun hastaya 8-10 gün süresince uygulanmasidir. Önceki istemlerden herhangi birine göre bir kombinasyon olup özelligi söz konusu COVID-19 hastalarinin komplike olmayan ancak olasi veya kesin tanili COVID-19 hastalariolmasidir, burada komplike olmayan hastalar; a) ates, kas ve eklem agrilari, öksürük, bogaz agrisi ve nazal konjesyon gibi bulgulari bi solunum sikintisi, takipne ve SP02 < % 90 olmayan, C) akciger filmi ve/veya akciger tomografisi normal olan hastalardir. TR TR1.CLAIMS Combination containing Kamostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate for the prevention, delay of progression or treatment of Covid-19 disease. It is a combination according to claim 1, characterized in that Kamostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate are present in different pharmaceutical compositions. It is a combination according to the previous claims and its feature is that the combination in question can be applied simultaneously, separately or sequentially. It is a combination according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that the unit dose of Kamostat Mesylate is equivalent to 200 mg, the unit dose of Umifenovir Hydrochloride is equivalent to 200 mg and the unit dose of Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate is equivalent to 40 mg of esomeprazole. It is a combination according to one of the previous claims, characterized in that Kamostat Mesylate is administered 3 to 4 times a day, Umifenovir Hydrochloride is administered 4 times a day and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate is administered 2 times a day. It is a combination according to claim 1, characterized in that Kamostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate are present in the same pharmaceutical composition. A combination according to claim 6, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition contains Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate equivalent to esomeprazole. It is a combination according to claim 7, characterized in that the pharmaceutical composition contains the equivalent Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. A combination according to claim 7, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition contains equivalent Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate. A combination according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that said pharmaceutical composition contains at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. It is a combination according to claim 1, and its feature is that Kamostat Mesylate, Umifenovir Hydrochloride and Esomeprazole Magnesium Trihydrate are in the same kit packaging in different pharmaceutical compositions. It is a combination according to any of the previous claims, and its feature is that the combination in question is applied to the patient for 8-10 days. A combination according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said COVID-19 patients are uncomplicated but probable or definite diagnosed COVID-19 patients, wherein uncomplicated patients; a) Patients with symptoms such as fever, muscle and joint pain, cough, sore throat and nasal congestion, without respiratory distress, tachypnea and SP02 < 90%, C) with normal chest X-ray and/or lung tomography. TR TR
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