TR2021019150A2 - DEVICE THAT PROVIDES ELECTRIC-BASED NERVE Stimulation THROUGH A NEW ALGORITHM THROUGH THE VAGUS NERVE IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES - Google Patents

DEVICE THAT PROVIDES ELECTRIC-BASED NERVE Stimulation THROUGH A NEW ALGORITHM THROUGH THE VAGUS NERVE IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES

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TR2021019150A2
TR2021019150A2 TR2021/019150A TR2021019150A TR2021019150A2 TR 2021019150 A2 TR2021019150 A2 TR 2021019150A2 TR 2021/019150 A TR2021/019150 A TR 2021/019150A TR 2021019150 A TR2021019150 A TR 2021019150A TR 2021019150 A2 TR2021019150 A2 TR 2021019150A2
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feature
electrode
nerve
patient
stimulation
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TR2021/019150A
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Turkish (tr)
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Kocabiçak Ersoy
Ahmet Yaman Hali̇l
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Kocabiçak Ersoy
Ersoy Kocabicak
Ahmet Yaman Hali̇l
Halil Ahmet Yaman
Ninova Noeroteknoloji Arastirma Gelistirme Sanayi Ve Ticaret Ltd Sirketi
Ni̇nova Nöroteknoloji̇ Araştirma Geli̇şti̇rme Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Li̇mi̇ted Şi̇rketi̇
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Priority to TR2021/019150A priority Critical patent/TR2021019150A2/en
Publication of TR2021019150A2 publication Critical patent/TR2021019150A2/en
Priority to PCT/TR2022/051404 priority patent/WO2023107059A2/en

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02Details
    • A61N1/04Electrodes
    • A61N1/05Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0551Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
    • A61N1/0556Cuff electrodes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36053Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for vagal stimulation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36064Epilepsy
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/3606Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system adapted for a particular treatment
    • A61N1/36082Cognitive or psychiatric applications, e.g. dementia or Alzheimer's disease
    • A61N1/36096Mood disorders, e.g. depression, anxiety or panic disorder
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128Control systems
    • A61N1/36135Control systems using physiological parameters
    • A61N1/36139Control systems using physiological parameters with automatic adjustment
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61NELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/18Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
    • A61N1/32Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
    • A61N1/36Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
    • A61N1/3605Implantable neurostimulators for stimulating central or peripheral nerve system
    • A61N1/36128Control systems
    • A61N1/36146Control systems specified by the stimulation parameters
    • A61N1/36167Timing, e.g. stimulation onset

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Psychology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Child & Adolescent Psychology (AREA)
  • Developmental Disabilities (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Buluş, tıp alanında özellikle Epilepsi ve depresyon gibi bazı nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalıkların cerrahi tedavisinde kullanılan, özel bir algoritmaya sahip elektrik tabanlı sinir uyarımı yapan cihaz ile ilgilidir.The invention relates to an electrical-based nerve stimulating device with a special algorithm used in the surgical treatment of certain neurological and psychiatric diseases, especially in the field of medicine, such as epilepsy and depression.

Description

TARIFNAME NÖROLOJIK VE PSIKIYATRIK HASTALIKLARIN TEDAVISINDE VAGUS SINIRI ÜZERINDEN YENI BIR ALGORITMAYLA ELEKTRIK TABANLI SINIR UYARlMl SAGLAYAN CIHAZ Teknik Alan Bulus, tî) alan Iida özellikle Epilepsi ve depresyon gibi baz jiöroloj ik ve psikiyatrik hastalüîlarm cerrahi tedavisinde kullan (fan, özel bir algoritmaya sahip elektrik tabaansinir uyarlîtfyapan cihaz ile ilgilidir. Teknigin bilinen durumu (Önceki Teknik) Epilepsi hastalarîiîi ortalama 1/3 ,ü ilaç tedavisine yanßsü olup, çok az bir kEmDise beyinden doku çüêtartImas Eta dayanan rezektif cerrahiye uygundur. Geriye kalan hastalar son yirmi yFlda yüksek etkinlik ve güvenilirliginden ötürü popülerligi her geçen gün artan modern nöromodülasyon yöntemleriyle (hedeflenen bölgelere elektrik uyarühr:verilerek sinir aktivitesinin degistirilmesi) tedavi edilmeye çal @ Tmaktad m. Bu tekniklerden en bilineni vagal sinir uyarFm IVNS) yöntemidir. l990°lüyülarda epilepsinin tedavisinde vagus sinirinin uyarühiasüile etkin sonuçlar ortaya konulmus ve bozulmus elektroensefalografi (EEG) sinyallerinin modüle edildigi gösterilmistir. Amerika Oda ve Ilaç Kurumu (FDA) taraandan için resmi onay verilmistir. Vagal sinir kelime olarak "aylak, bas mos" anlam ;as Lniaktad m. Bunun nedeni kafatas EtlEEida en uzun seyri olan sinir olmas BE. Medulla oblongatadaki (omurilik soganL) çekirdeginden ayrdd thtan sonra juguler foramenden geçerek kafatasbiLîterk eder, boyun bölgesinde karotid arter (sah damarû ve juguler ven aras idari geçerek bagüsak bölgesine kadar seyreder. %80 afferent (getirici) ve %20 oran îida efferent (götürücü) lifler tas Tr!. Efferent litleri sayesinde beyinden getirdigi sinyaller vas Iaslgtla kalp ritmini, solunumu, yemek borusunun, midenin ve bag Esaklarîi hareketlerini düzenler. VNS yönteminde boyun bölgesinde sol vagal sinire elektrot yerlestirilir. Elektrotun distalinde bulunan klem Ltünelleyici yardnhßtla gögüs bölgesine ulastLnLllr ve orada nörostimülatöre entegre edilir. Elektrotun 3 spirali vard E. Kafatas Ela yak& olan kßîn negatif elektrot, ortada olan pozitif elektrot, asagîlaki spiral ise sistemin yerinden çkmasiiýengelleyen ve mukavemet saglayan anehor (çapa) kEmEîm. VNS cihazüile negatif elektrottan verilen elektrik uyarlîngila aksiyon potansiyeli olusturulur. Pozitif elektrotun görevi verilen elektrik uyarsmmboyun bölgesinden asaggia indirmemek, bu sayede olaszan etkilerden hastayikorumaktni. Döngüsel stimülasyon saglayan (her 5 dakikada 30 saniye gibi) bu cihaz akEh taban] :elektrik stimülasyonu saglar. Ayr Ea hastalara saat seklinde bir magnet verilerek sistemin ekstra devreye girmesi saglanlî. Genellikle stimülasyonun 12. haftas hida klinik yan Ltlar belirginlesir. Etki mekanizmas Hle ilgili birçok teori ortaya at lmlst li. Antiepileptik etki vagus sinirinin afferent lifleri arac ltggila gerçeklesir. En geçerli etki mekanizmas Llvagusa verilen elektrik enerjisi ile nükleus solitary traktus (NST) uyarfllm ve bu traktus locus serelus (LC) ile baglantfllar içerir. LC uyartlrnas_ise santral sinir sisteminde nöradrenalin düzeylerini arttLtarak antiepileptik etkinlik ortaya çllîar. Erken dönem (<12 hafta) sonuçlarda özellikle pediatrik yas grubunda yüz güldürücü sonuçlar vardfrl. Uzun dönem sonuçlarda ise fokal, multifokal ve jeneralize nöbetlerde de etkin sonuçlar gösterilmistir. Kohort çal Lsmalarda implantasyon sonras LE. yLltla ortalama nöbet say ßmda azalma %40 civarlarmda iken, stimülasyonun 5. ylillîida bu oran %64 olarak görülmüstür. Hayat kalitesi açsiidan incelendiginde VNS ile en basarTÜmedikal tedavi kýaslanmls ve sonuç VNS lehine daha etkin görülmüstür. Ayria farlebir çal Sma da epilepside ani ve beklenmedik ölüm (SUDEP) oranlarFriîi VNS cerrahisi sonrasÜlO. yilda belirgin olarak geriledigi bildirilmistir. Epilepsi hastalarmda depresyon oranlarUoldukça yüksektir. VNS uygulanan dirençli depresyon vakalar Iida, uzun dönemde depresyon oranlarlIiEi belirgin geriledigi bilinmektedir ve 2007 yEllEida FDA tarafîidan ilaca dirençli depresyon tedavisinde VNS teknigi onaylanmgtü. Literatürdeki genis vaka serilerinden olusan, çift kör randomize çal Smalarda VNS uygulanan ilaca dirençli epilepsi hastalarüida etkinlik %30-53 aras &da bildirilmistir. Mevcut sistemde elektrot spiral yapLsmedeniyle vagus sinirini tek seferde 360 derece kusatacak özellikten yoksundur. Sistemin etkinligi vagus sinirinde negatif elektrot vas [tas Sila aksiyon potansiyeli olusturulabilmesinde yatmaktadTrL Cerrahi çal _sma sahas Fkarotid arter ve juguler ven damarlarUile çok yakLn komsuluk göstermektedir. Elektrot; mevcut yapLsLive dizaynLlnedeniyle cerrahi islem smas lida vagus siniri üzerine yerlestirilirken ciddi uygulama zorluklarHiçermekte, vagus sinirinin ve bu damarlarn yaralanmalartna sebep olabilmektedir. Mevcut sistemde vagus siniri üzerinden aksiyon potansiyeli olusturarak yap [Ilan elektrik uyarEnD sabitlenmis elektriksel çrks üretmektedir. Sürekli sabit frekansta verilen pulse"lar nedeniyle hastalar& elektrik uyarînma olan duyarlmg Jzalmakta ve hastalarda elektrik uyarEhEia tolerans gelismektedir. Mevcut sistemde köprücük kemigi alt Eida cilt altEia implante edilen pil ile elektrota iletilen sinyal tek yönlü olup, dogru akEn içerir. Her ne kadar elektrotun pozitif kutbu, iletilen dogru akînlîi boynun asagtsn'da yer alan ve vagus sinirinin innerve ettigi organlara iletilmesini engellese de bazen yüksek voltajlarda bu görevi tam olarak yerine getirememekte, mide, kalp, bagßsak gibi hayati öneme sahip organlarlîi çalisma düzeni bozulabilmektedir. Günümüzde piyasada bulunan ve vagus siniri üzerinden elektrik uyarEriÇi/apan sistemde kullan [Ibn piller sarj edilebilir özellikte olsa da baz ?teknik ve yap @al sorunlar içermektedir. Bu sorunlar; - Sarj esnasElda olusan ve literatürde Eddy akîhlarüolarak bilinen akEhEi kayb: pilin - Mevcut sistemlerde kullan Ellnakta olan bataryalar Li-ion ve LiPo pillerdir, per-cell güvenlik bölgesi genellikle 3V (tamamen desarj olmus) ve 4.2V (tamamen sarj edilmis) aras Tridad m, ancak sorunsuz olarak yaklasüi 2.8V'ye kadar desarj edilebilir. Bu seviyenin altndaki desarj, geri döndürülemez/onar [lhmaz hasara neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, bu piller çogunlukla dahili bir emniyet düzenegine sahiptir ve bu düzenek as @Mesarj Tönler. Tersine, as THsarj da ayn îzamanda tehlikeli olabilir. Li-Po piller, LiFePo4'ten (1000@O.2C oranldlEC StandardL) daha az sarj döngüsü sayßüa sahiptir. Li-ion pilin öngörülen/tahmini ömrü, üretimden itibaren yaklask 3 y Idm Her ne kadar pil ömrü 3 yi olarak öngörülse de pilin kimyas medeniyle zaman içinde performans kaybL yasanmaktad î. Hatta kullanilan pil istenmeyen bir elektriksel aktivite olusturarak hastaya yüksek elektrik akFmTiverebilmekte ve hayati tehlike olusturabilmektedir. Günümüzde vagus sinir uyarEnEsaglayan cihazla birlikte kullan [ilan bilgisayar arayüzü sistemleri sadece üreticisinin kullan înFIia mecbur biiakttgýisletim sistemi ve o sistemi içeren bir bilgisayar üzerinden çalisimakta ve tüm islemleri yapmaktadbi. Ameliyat esnastnda cihazm bilgisayar arayüzünde olusabilecek bir ar_za iletisim problemlerine sebep olmaktadlü. Bunun sonucunda da ameliyat süresi uzayabilmekte, sistemin güvenilirligi degerlendirilememekte, verilen elektrik uyarEhIJEl kalp ve solunum sistemi üzerindeki yan etkileri gözlenememekte, cihazEl optimal yerlestirilip yerlestirilemedigi tespit edilememektedir. Cerrahi siias Gida ve sonras îida cihaz zaman zaman aktive edilememektedir. Tüm bu nedenlerle hastanlîl uygulanan tedaviden faydalanma olas Fllg *azalmaktad î. Ayrhja mevcut sistemlerde cihaza dearLdan kleLtllLl bir müdahaleye imkan vermesi ileriki zamanlarda olusturulacak yeni ve daha etkili bir dalga modelin cihaza dEarîlan yüklenebilmesine imkan tan Hhamaktad lü VNS sisteminin tedavi etkinliginin azaldgEya da sonlandgllurumlarda elektrotun çüîart [linas :ya da yeni elektrotla degistirilmesi gereken durumlar literatürde azFmsanmayacak oranda bulunmaktad I. TI) dilinde revizyon cerrahisi ad :verilen bu gibi durumlar olas jjirtakîn sorunlari: da beraberinde getirmektedir. Cerrahi alanda gelisen skar dokusu her zaman elektrotun tamamen ç ütartllnas Lna izin vermeyebilir. Elektrot Ç kart lmaya çalhsluiken vagus siniri zedelenebilir, hatta kopabilir. Karotid arter, juguler ven, yemek borusu ve solunum borusu yaralanma ihtimali, geçici ya da kalß_ vokal kord felçleri revizyon cerrahilerinde literatürde daha yüksek bir oranda görülmektedir. Baszurumlarda elektrotu çfkartmak mümkün olmayabilir ve elektrot sinire yapTsltFgHyerden kesilerek bir kLsmUbLtakLth. Bu gibi durumlarda yeni bir elektrotu yerlestirmek için vagus siniri üzerinde yaklasüî 3 santimetrelik ikinci bir yer açmak gerekmektedir. Bu durum sinirin ve çevre dokudaki önemli organlar?) yaralanma ihtimalini daha da artlîimaktadii. Vagus sinirinin boyun bölgesinde verdigi dallar göz önünde bulunduruldugunda yeni elektrotun proksimal bölgeye daha yakm yerlestirildigi durumlarda ses klsklgîlve senkop gibi yan etkiler literatürde daha süt görülmektedir. Mevcut buluslarda, gönderilen sinyal tek yönlüdür. Sinir uyarînîida tedaviyi en etkili kFlabilmek sinire gönderilen sinyal varyasyonlarhjn çesitlendirilebilmesi ile mümkündür. Her hastalLgLn beyine ilettigi sinyaller farklEve ZKÜ kutuplu olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle tek kutuplu bir sinyal uyarîh_bu tedavide çözüm olmayabilir. Bulusun AmaçlarLtve Ksa Aç LklamasLl Mevcut bulus, yukarLda bahsedilen dezavantajlarLlortadan kald nnak ve ilgili teknik alana yeni avantajlar getirmek üzere gelistirilen, nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalklarm tedavisinde vagus siniri üzerinden yeni bir algoritmayla elektrik tabanl Tsinir uyarHnýsaglayan cihaz ile ilgilidir. Bulusun en önemli amac EVNS uygulamalarEsmas lîlda ve sonras Eda hastalara daha iyi bir tedavi yan mümkan ?saglayacak olmas R1 m. Bulusumuzun elektrot yapîü sinire iletilen pulslar& cihazdan çkgüß BOLA adEiüvermis oldugumuz bir algoritma ile olusmaste vagus sinir uyarînîiîi bir yan etkisi olan ses klîslflilfg_ sorununu ortadan kald izmaya yönelik tasarlanmts olunan yeni elektrot sistemi gibi nedenlerle teknigin bilinen durumunda yer alan dokümanlardan üstünlük göstermektedir. Bulusu mevcut ürünlerden ay Lnan özelliklerinden biri de pulslarln vagus sinirine BOLA ad LVerilen bir algoritma ile iletilmesidir. Bu algoritma yap [ilan arastîmalar sonucunda vücudun kendi sinir sisteminin olusturdugu pulslar hesaplanarak olusturulmustur. Yeni stimülasyon parametreleri sayesinde tedavinin etkinligi art îLlInakta ve hastalar& nöbet sayE ve stlllfgfkontrol altha al mmaktadlî. Bu yeni sistem ile tek yönlü ak ?ndan kaynaklanan olumsuz yan etkilerin önüne geçilmektedir. Cihaz, kardiyopulmoner aktivite ile uyumlu 1 dk. AÇIK, 2 dk. KAPALI terapötik sinyal üretmektedir. Bulusun diger amac Tyeni elektrot tasarTrhlýla VNS cerrahisinde daha kolay uygulama imkanF saglamakt I. Bu sayede muhtemel sinir ve çevre dokudaki hayati önemdeki damarlarhj, organlartn yaralanma ihtimalini en aza indirmektir. Bulusun diger amac _getirecegi uygulama kolayltgLhedeniyle ameliyat süresini ksaltmaktm. Bu sayede hasta daha az genel anestezi altEida kalacak, anestezinin olas :yan etkilerinden daha az etkilenecektir. VNS ameliyatlarüidan sonra enfeksiyon görülme oran *literatürde %8-10 olarak verilmektedir. Bu gibi durumlarda implante edilmis sistem öncelikle antibiyotik tedavisiyle kurtarthnaya çall'sllm. Basarllî olunamadglî durumlarda sistem çfkartlm Anestezi süresinin uzunlugunun enfeksiyon oranlarlna direkt etkisi vard m. Bulus sayesinde ameliyat süresi ksalacak ve enfeksiyon oranlar Bizalacaktm. Bu sayede antibiyoterapi maliyeti minimize edilecek ve hastalar antibiyoterapinin organlar üzerine olasTyan etkilerinden korunmus olacaklardlî'l. Bulusun diger amacUVNS (Vagus Nerve Stimulation/Vagus Sinir UyarLihL) etkinliginin artmasLlnedeniyle kullanman antiepileptik ilaç dozlarElIdüsürerek maddi kaybüönlemek ve ilaçlarEl olasîyan etkilerinden hastalar Iorumakt m. Bulusun bir diger amac mevcut ve eski sistemdeki pil ile alakalEsorunlara çözüm getirmesidir. Bulusun Sekillerînin Tan En D Bulus ile gelistirilen nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalEklarîi tedavisinde vagus siniri üzerinden yeni bir algoritmayla elektrik tabanllîsinir uyarîiflsaglayan cihaz daha iyi açklamak için sekiller kullan Lll'n st hi Sekillerin aç Llçllamas Lasag ula yer almaktad r`, Sekil 1: Eddy ak EhlarH Sekil 2: Tasarlanan yeni elektrot ile vagus sinirini tek seferde ve 360 derece saran bir yapE olusturulmustur. Sekil 3: Tasarlanan yeni elektrodun sinire temas edecek kEEhlariEi ayr I1t IEgörüntüsü. Sekil 4: Tasarlanan elektrodun iç yapim Sekil 5: Fizyolojik aksiyom potansiyeli grafigi Sekil 6: Bulusumuzun kullandLgzûN dönemlerinde yas, cins, pozisyon ve manyetik uyarUile degiskenlik gösteren, tekrarlayan ve bifazik özellikli terapötik temel sinyal paterni/kalEB: görülmektedir Sekil 7: Mevcuttaki firmalarlîl monofazik özellikli terapötik dalgas : Parça/unsur referans numaralarü Bulusun daha iyi anlas Imas Diçin unsurlar ve unsurlara ait referans numaralarüasagüa yer yer almaktad Fri. Sekil l-a: EDDY AkEhlarD Sekil l-b: Lamine Manyetik Çekirdek Sekil 1-0: Degisken AkÜ Sekil 2-a: Negatif Sekil 2-b: Pozitif Sekil 2-0: Ankor Sekil 2-d: Her kutuptaki parçalrelektrodlar Sekil 3-A: Elektrot yandan görünüs Sekil 3-B: Elektrot iç görünüs (Pozitif x,y,z kutuplarüsßas Sila; PX, Py, PZ ve Negatif x,y,z kutuplarü smas @la NX, Ny ve Nz) Sekil 3-C: Elektrodun bir kutbu Sekil 3-D: Mesh tipi tel sistemi Sekil 4-3: Elektrot kilitleme mekanizmasLl Sekil 7-A: Stimülasyon Süresi Sekil 7-B: Artß (2 sn.) Sekil 7-C: Açfl& Kalma Süresi Sekil 7-D: Azalîs (2 sn.) Sekil 7-E: ÇkLSJ AknhL Sekil 7-F: 1/ Sinyal Frekans: Sekil 7-G: Pulse Genisligi Sekil 7-H: KapalEKalma Süresi Bulusun Ayr Lnt mAç mlamas , Bu detaylLaç Lklamada bulus konusu yenilik sadece konunun daha iyi anlas Lllnas bja yönelik hiçbir El Ilay El Ebtki olusturmayacak örneklerle aç [klanmaktad E. Söz konusu bulus, nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalEIîlarEl tedavisinde vagus siniri üzerinden yeni bir algoritmayla elektrik tabanl ._sinir uyarEnFSaglayan cihaz ile ilgilidir. Tasarl anan yeni elektrot vagus sinirini tamam Sila sarabilmektedir (Sekil 2). Elektrodun yollayacag Z sinyaller bu sayede kayilsß bir sekilde sinire iletebilmektedir. Tasarlanan bu yeni elektrod sayesinde cihazdan maksimum performans elde edilmektedir. Elektrotun negatif kutbu, pozitif kutbu ve anchor parçalarýsinir çevresinde tam tur döndükten sonra üzerindeki silikon delik hizas nda manuel olarak kilitlenmektedir. Elektrot sinyal iletimi ile alakalýsorunlarrgidermek üzere sinire birçok noktadan temas etmesi amac @la cuff elektrot yapsLkullanlmLgtut (Sekil 3). Bipolar, implante edilebilir olan bu elektrot, 3.16 L paslanmaz çelikten imal edilecek biyouyumlu teller yine tamamen biyouyumlu silikon bir tüp içerisine girmektedir. Bu silikon tüp, telleri ekstra olarak muhafaza ederek olasÜbir klsa devrenin olusmasEllengellemektedir. Elektrotun cihazla olan baglantjkßmümevcut cihazlarda kullanman jak yerine daha ergonomik ve ameliyat esnas @da cerrah& zorlanmayacag Ftak çal @tm seklinde bir konektör bulunmaktad hi Bu konektör, cihazn smile temasnLengellemekte ve vücut hareketleri sebebiyle elektrodun cihazla olan baglantßîiß kesilmesi gibi sorunlar ortadan kaldWmaktadlTl. Böylece yeni gelistirilen bu elektrot sistemi ile piyasadaki mevcut cihazlarda kullandan helikal yapLdaki elektrotun ameliyat esnasLnda getirmis oldugu zorluklarLlve sinire verilen zararIJ ortadan kalkmas Esaglanmaktad m. Tasarlanan bu yeni elektrot ile vagus sinirine zarar vermeden kolayca yerlestirebilmek amaçlanmßtî. Bu sinirin sah damarZIIe bitisik olmasüve vagus sinirinin Vücudun tüm sinir sisteminin ana çLlçtLsl noktasLblmas AurumlarhiLgöz önünde bulundurunca bu sinir üzerinde yap dan bir cerrahi islem esnasßda olasübir hatanm geri dönülemez sonuçlara sebep olabilmektedir. Ameliyat sTrlasEida olasÜtüm hatalarlîi ortadan kaldElllnasTve ameliyat sonras_hastanm hem cihazdan maksimum performans alp cihaz ile yasanabilecek sorunlarm ortadan kaldrtlmasl_ düsünülerek bu sekilde bir elektrot tasarlanmßtm. Ayria sinir boyutundan bagEnsî olmasD sebebiyle her yas grubu hastada rahatça sinire tutunabilmektedir. Elektrottaki sinire temas eden pedler sinirin zarar görmemesi için daha yumusak bir silikon ile olusturulmustur. Bu sekilde vagus sinirini daha yumusak bir silikon kIEfl ile sararak sinire zarar vermeden bu sinir üzerinden iletilen terapi sinyallerin kay asra olarak beyine iletimi saglanacakt î. Siniri yumusak sekilde sarmas îJdan dolay Ela implantasyon s îas Elda olusabilecek sinir zedelenmeleri ortadan kalkmaktad li Ayrßa her kutup kendi içinde parçalîhalde olusturulacak bu yeni elektrot sistemi sinirin en az Vagus sinirinin ses tellerine yaklîi olmasFSebebiyle ortaya çikan bu durum için henüz bir çözüm bulunamamsthi. Vagus sinirinin ses tellerine yakLn olmas Lisebebiyle elektrodun sinyalleri ilettigi metal padlerin ses tellerini de etkiledigi görülmüstür. Bu soruna çözüm olarak parçalüelektrot sistemi gelistirildi. Bu parçal *elektrodun getirmis oldugu avantaj implantasyon sonras lîida yan etki olarak ortaya çüîan ses kßkligîiîi önüne geçilmesini saglamaktî Parçalüelektrot sisteminde elektrodun pozitif ve negatif kTsihlarlTkendi içinde üç parçaya ayrlllnlstlîl (Sekil 4). Siniri 360 derece olarak saran elektrodun istenildiginde 120 derecelik kisim ,ya da 240 derecelik khsm Lterapi sinyallerini gönderebilmektedir. Bu sayede cihazi yaz IEnItarafEldan kontrol edilebilen bu elektrodlar ses tellerine yakîi olan ksma giden bölgedeki sinyali kapatî) ses klslkllgßîi olmas_ önlenebilmektedir. Bu yeni implant sisteminde (Vns cihaz ?birden çok farlekomponentten olustugundan komple bir set (sistem) olarak ifade edilmektedir.) insan fizyolojisine en uygun biçimde olan ve 32 farkl Lterapi modu içeren ayria sonradan da cihaz ile kablosuz olarak baglantükurulup tamamen hastanm ihtiyac Ela göre sekillendirilebilen modlarm da yüklenebilecegi bir isletim sistemine sahiptir. BOLA admüverdigimiz (Body Own Language Approach) (vücut dilinde stimülasyon) bu sistem sayesinde gerek ön programlarîi gerek ise sonradan eklenebilecek programlar* cihazda kullanabilmekteyiz. Vns cihaznln pil olarak tabir ettigimiz vücuda yerlestirilen ksmlndaki cihaz bir islemciye sahiptir. Bu islemci sayesinde pil cihazZkontrol edebilmekte ve terapi modlarmE hastaya göre ayarlanabilmektedir. Bilindigi gibi insanlarda ayakta, yan yatarken ve uyurken kalp, solunum, hatta cinsiyete göre baZZVItal bulgular degisiklikler göstermektedir (l,2,3). BOLA algoritmas Eta göre (önceden bilinen yas ve cinsiyete özel kalp atFrh hüî/e solunum hlîßa bagllî olarak aerda dinamik olarak da hastanLn pozisyon bilgisi ile mikroislemci tarafndan degisen bir tür algoritma) önceden tanînlüolan tedavi dalgalari-:ii özellikleri degismektedir. Bu tedavi dalgalarîiîçeren 7 farklFalgoritmadan hastaya en uygun olan _seçilerek cihaz aktif edilir. Hastaya uygunlugu hastalLgLnJi raporlaandaki bilgiler degerlendirilerek seçilmektedir. Yani tedavi eden uyarßüsinyalin yapEDBOLA yaklasînüyada HRP (Heart-Respiration-Position) yöntemi denen daha önce tlbbi literatüre girmis bir bilimsel makale ile de izah edildigi gibi devamlTIdegiskenlik arz etmektedir (Teknigin bilinen durumunda genel olarak 30 saniye AÇIK ve 5 dk kadar KAPALI süresi kullanmng olup titrasyon denen her hastaya aynÜdüsük aklrh ile tedaviye baslanmakta giderek FM ve kademeli amperaj artlnmuile en uygun tedavi kalLbUbulunmaya çalslmaktadln. Son modellerinde kalp hEEiEaktif olarak tespit ederek ayar yapmaktadmlar). Bu yeni sistemde hasta pozisyonundaki fark] mklarm tespit sistemi uygulanmaktad m. Insanda dik, uyku ve yatay pozisyonda kalp ve solunum frekanslarEiEi degisiklige ugradgEbilinmektedir (1-3). Islemci içerisindeki akselerometreden gelen konum bilgilerine göre hastanlîi yan yatlp yatmadFgF kontrol edilebilecek ve buna göre farklLbir tedavi protokolü baslat Lllabileoektir. Bu cihaz ile ilgili bir diger önemli nokta, dogru akTrhdan arßms sinyalin verilecek olmasîdm. Bu sinyal, dokuda nekroza neden olabilecek istenmeyen elektroliz etkisini ortadan kald macakt r. Bulusun hastaya yolladgü terapötik sinyal literatürde uygulanan ve ticari vagal sinir stimülatörlerinde kullanilan literatürcede kabul görmüs fizyolojik uyarFfrekans (12 ve 25 Hz Hertz) aralüîlarîlda çal Ismaktadü. Dalga modeli diger ticari ürünlerin aksine (Sekil 7) bipolar özellikte olmaktadlîl. Bunun bilimsel nedeni hücre duvarîida, özelliklede nöron hücre duvarüida ultrastrüktürel planda yerlesik pompalartn elektronik bilim dal mda modellenmesinde kapasitör olarak kabul edilmesi dolayßgl'la kapasitör yap IarEl üzerinden elektron aküîim olusabilmesi için dogru akühîi degilde bifazik özellikli alternatif akin modeli yaklasihmm kullanmnaslîdaha uygundur. Zaten sinir iletimi smasîida ölçümlenen ve sinir akson liIlerinden akan fizyolojik aksiyom potansiyelide aynen (Sekil 5) bu sekildedir. Kullanacagmiî bu modelde bipolar pulse/darbeler kullanarak tedavi destegi saglanmaktadli (Sekil 6). BOLA yaklasihîlile ilgili bilimsel çalFslmalar bu bulusun dogrulugunu teyit eder niteliktedir. Pil ömrünün uzun olmas Lile alakal_LiFePO4 pilleri kullan Lhnaktad LÜ. LiFePO4 piller diger pillerden farklîözellikleriyle avantaj saglamaktadü: Yaklask 3.2V-3.3V`luk biraz daha düsük çallêma voltaj Yia, minimum desarj voltajH2.8V'ye ve maksimum sarj gerilimi 3.6V'ye sahiptir. LiFePO4 piller daha sabit desarj voltaj ila sahiptir ve diger Lityum esaslTlpillerden daha iyi güvenlik sagladLgLdüsünülmektedir. Lityum esaslLSarj edilebilir pillerin diger avantajlar _aras Lada adîgeçen diger kimyalara göre çok daha hîlîsarj etme ve daha yüksek bosalma oranlarüve genellikle tam olarak degilse daha uzun ömür anlamEia gelen sarj döngüleri saylsFP 2000@0.2C oranü IEC StandardDi bulunmaktadü ancak enerji yogunlugu normal Li-Ion hücresinden (Li-Co) daha düsüktür ve LiFePO4 ortalama ömrü yaklasik 5-7 yiltlli. Diger lityum-iyon kimyas na göre önemli bir avantaj, termal ve kimyasal stabilitedir, bu da pil güvenligini arttmî. LiFePO4, LiCoO'dan daha güvenli bir katot malzemesidir. F e-P-O bag :Co-O bagüia göre daha güçlüdür, böylece zorlandigîida (k `sa devre, asEÜ isnms vb.) Oksijen atomlarIiEl çikartüînas :çok daha zordur. Redoks enerjilerinin bu sekilde stabilize edilmesi hßlü iyon göçüne yard inc Tblur. Lityum, bir LiCoO'da katodun dEEla tas IidEgIida hücresi, C002, hücrenin yap @al bütünlügünü etkileyen lineer olmayan genlesmeye ugrar. LiFePO4`ün tamamen litiyate edilmis ve nitratlanmamLs durumlarzyap sal olarak benzerdir, yani LiFePO4 hücreleri LiCoOTdan daha yap @al olarak karar] nm. Tam olarak doldurulmus bir LiFePO4"ün katotunda hiçbir lityum kalmaz hücreli bir LiC002 hücrede, katoda yaklas THG/050 kal lî. LiFePO4, oksijen kayb Tbsnas lîida oldukça dirençli olup diger lityum hücrelerinde ekzoterinik reaksiyona neden olur. Sonuç olarak, lityum demir fosfat hücreleri, hatalî ateslemek için çok daha zordur, ancak tam dolu piller, as LÜUsarj enerjisini sadece Lsisolarak dag Eflabilir. Bu nedenle, yanlß kullanEh yoluyla pilin ar îalanmas Ehala mümkündür. Genel olarak, LiFePO4, yüksek sßakl iklarda ayr Smaz. Cihazm jeneratöründeki pil, ayarlara baglEblarak genellikle 1 ila 3 ay arasßda çalSabilmektedir. BataryasÜ yaklasik 500-1000 kez sarj kapasitesine sahiptir. Ve pil gücünü yavas yavas kaybedecektir. Pil ömrü sona erdiginde, eger yeniden sarj edilmez ise stimülasyon tamamen sona ermektedir. Sinyal jeneratöründe istenmeyen EDDY AKIMLARI (Sekil 1) ile dts kasada ve pil gövdesinde olusan ve insan saglgiîljtehdit eden Ishma sorunlarü beyin pili içindeki gömülü yaz [[Eh optimizasyonu ile ve elektron akFrhTrla kars *silikonize malzeme ile yalmilarak bu problemin önüne geçilecektir. Bulusun bir diger amac Eprogramlama zorluklarmîi önüne geçmektir. Tümüyle vücut içi yerlesimli beyin pili tasßlan hastalar: uyarîn parametrelerini düzenlemek için zaman zaman hastaneye gitmek zorundadtii ve içerdeki sistemin dLsardan programlanmastnda bazen sorunlar yasanmaktad I. Bu yaz Tüh ile saglanan fayda ve özellikler sunlard m; Eksternal/Dls kontrol ünitesinin arac mfgîle PC yaz IEnEia baglanüabilecek ve bu yazmîn arac IEgDile pulse/dalga vuru frekans DayarD(FM: Frequency Modulation (frekans modülasyonu)) yaplIabilecektir. Literatür ile desteklenen yani laboratuvarlarda ya da kliniklerde icat edilmis yeni bir terapötik dalga tarzUbulundugunda ya da önerildiginde bu tedavi dalga modelinin kolayca bu CIhElZIJ üretimi sîasEida dü kasas: kapatlamadan dis üniteden yeniden programlanabilmesi mümkündür. Bu yazmînla cihaz durdurabilir /susturulabilir ya da yeniden baslat Iabilir. YukarTdaki bölümde bahsettigimiz üzere sistemin etkinligi sinire iletilen elektrik uyarühiilîi olusturabildigi aksiyon potansiyeli ile orantElllIlE. Yeni elektrot sayesinde sinire temas maksimum düzeyde olacaglîiçin elektrik uyarmiýdaha kolay yaplacak, aksiyon potansiyeli daha kolay olusacak, tedavi etkinligi daha dea sürede saglanmaktadnl Bulusun tasarInEida elektrota negatif, pozitif kutuplar ve anchor kIsm Eida sinir ile elektrot aras Ela ince bir silikon tabaka eklenmistir. Bu tabaka cerrahi sîaslîida elektrottan ayrllacak ve sinir üzerinde ince bir zar halinde bîak [Ilicak sekilde tasarlanm Sti Bu sayede revizyon cerrahilerinde ve elektrotun tamamen çkartlmasH gereken durumlarda sinir, damar ve komsu organ yaralanmalarlnn önüne geçilmis olunmaktad r. Böylece revizyon ameliyat süresi ksalmaktadtii. Ayrßa hastanede kalß süresi, sosyal güvenlik kurumlarßa yansglan ekonomik yük asgariye indirilmis olmaktadî (Sekil 3). Cihaz hastanm fizyolojik pozisyon bilgilerini cihaza entegre edilmis olan sensörler sayesinde okuyabilmekte ve ana islemciye hastanii uyku halinde oldugu bilgisini göndererek uyku halinde terapinin düsük modda çal @mas @Baglamaktad E. Kßa süreli dinlenmelerin oldugu da düsünülerek optimize edilmistir. Yukarfda yer alan detaleanlatlrhlardan yola çl'karak, nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalfklarlîi tedavisinde vagus siniri üzerinden yeni bir algoritmayla elektrik tabanl_sinir uyarlm_saglayan cihaz olup özelligi; o Biyouyumlu telleri ekstra olarak muhafaza ederek olasDbir kEa devrenin olusmasEl: engellenmesini saglamak için en az bir adet biyouyumlu silikon bir tüp içerisine giren, bir ucunda implanta baglamak için tak çal @tm seklinde bir konnektör bulunan ve diger ucunda iki kutuplu uyarElTlolan en az bir adet kontak içeren, negatif pozitif kutuplar ve anchor klstmnda ince (2 mm kalhillgmda) bir silikon tabaka, vagus sinirini tek seferde ve 360 derece saran, negatif kutbu, pozitif kutbu ve anchor parçalarIsinir çevresinde tam tur döndükten sonra üzerindeki silikon delik hizasmda manuel olarak kilitlenen, cihazdan iletilen sinyallerin aktarlmhjLSaglayan ve siniri saran en az bir adet ped içeren, ses tellerine yakEi olan bölgeye giden sinyalleri istenilen bölgede cihazEl yazmînüaracüligglla açgi kapatlmaslnnsaglayan, her kutbu kendi içinde parçalLlolan bipolar implante edilebilir en az bir adet elektrot, o Bola algoritmansßm kosturuldugu en az bir adet ana islemci unsurlaan n'çermesidir. Bulusun tercih edilen uygulamas Lnda, cihaz, cihazi] çal lSmas Liçin gereken enerjiyi saglayan, sarj edilebilir en az bir adet hibrit güç kaynag Elçermektedir. Bulusun tercih edilen diger bir uygulamas nda, cihazm sulldile temasLnLengellenmesi ve vücut hareketleri sebebiyle elektrodun cihazla olan baglantEElEi kesilmemesi için kullanIan en az bir adet konektör yer almaktadî. Bulusta tercihen, insan fizyolojisine uyumlu farklüterapi modlarEi:ayarlanmasEiDsaglayan ve hastanm pozisyon bilgisinin anlas Ülnaslnýsaglamak için akseloremetre içeren islemciye sahip en az bir adet pil cihaz Unulunmaktad hi. Bu uygulamada, pil cihaz Llle kablosuz olarak baglantdçurulup tamamen hastanß ihtiyacma göre sekillendirilebilen modlarîi da yüklenebilecegi bir isletim sistemi yer almaktad I. Bulusta, hastanEi fizyolojik pozisyon bilgilerinin okunmasEFve ana islemciye hastanîi uyku halinde oldugu bilgisini göndererek uyku halinde terapinin düsük modda çal smastrlisaglayan en az bir adet entegre sensör yer almaktad E. Bahsi geçen pedler, tercihen yumusak (40 shore direnç katsayßüia sahip) radiopak silikon malzemeden olmas El E. Bahsi geçen parçaerlektrot sisteminde elektrodun pozitif ve negatif klemlarzkendi içinde üç parçaya ayrüîngt I. Bahsi geçen terapi m0d1ar|î32 adettir. Bahsi geçen sinyaller, bipolar dalga modellidir. Bahsi geçen güç kaynaghltercihen lityum demir fosfatthj (LiFePO4). Bulusta, 360 derece sardgüsinire istenildiginde 120 derecelik kEmElya da 240 derecelik kEmEile terapi sinyallerini gönderen bir elektrota yer almaktad LÜ. Cihazm çal l'slma yönteminin islem ad inlarr; Stimülasyon Parametreleri için; - Watchdog Timer (Bekçi Köpegi Zamanlayßßî WDT) (Watchdog mekanizmasýile sistemde çal san ana yaz lLm sonlandumr ve sistem yeniden baslar.) kapat Ürnas; - Voltaj ayaan n yap Ulnas U 0 Saat ayarhj Ln yap Llrnas , o Sinyal ç Llsl Lslar m 1111 için port yönlendirilmesinin yap Lllnas U 0 Düsük güç için pinlem ayarlanmasl, o Mikroelektro Mekanik Sistem (MEMS) için Serial Peripheral Interface (Seri Çevresel Arayüz, SP1) (Bu protokol mikrodenetleyiciler taraf @dan kßa mesafede bir veya daha fazla çevresel aygFtla hlzlleir sekilde iletisim kurmak için kullanrlan senkronize bir seri veri protokolüdür.) haberlesme protokolünün ayarlanmastd MEMS"in resetlenmesi, MEMS"in ayarlanmas L, Flash bellekten cihaz bilgilerinin ayarlanmas; Radyo çekirdeginin s Llirlanmas l_(resetlenmesi), Radyo çekirdeginin ayarlanmasü Radyo veri alma modunun etkinlestirilmesi, Sinyal çüîßlarmß zamanlaylîlß mm ayarlanmasü CihazEl hangi çal Sma modunda oldugunun kontrolünün yap Imas ü Uyku modunda ise düsük güç moduna girmesi ve islemin bitirilmesi, Eger çallgma modunda ise cihaz& sarj edilip edilmediginin kontörlünün yap TmasCl Cihaz sarj ediliyorsa MEMS"in ayarlanmas Jve düsük güç moduna geçilmesi ve islemin bitirilmesi, Cihaz sarj edilmiyorsa sinyal zamanlay El Il Ii baslat [llnas D ve MEMS zamanlay E @El baslatüinas ü Düsük güç moduna geçilmesi ve islemin bitirilmesi Islem ad EnlarEiEiçermesidir. Vagus sinir uyartm_`(VNS) cihaztntn uyarLcLsinyalleri asagtda belirtilen üç faktör göz önünde bulundurarak olusturuldu: (1) kalp ham (H(Heart)) (2) solunum frekans: (B(Breathe)) (3) hastan 51 pozisyonu (P(Position)) 0 Bu faktörleri kullanarak, HBP stimülasyon modlar :olusturuldu Fizyolojik çal Smalar, kalp hßîiîi ve solunum SÜIlIgmII hastanm yaslîla, cinsiyetine ve pozisyonuna baglüolarak degistigini, örnegin günlük hayatta ayaga kalkmak ve uykuda uzanmak gibi oldugunu göstermistir. Bu Iizyolojik gerçekleri göz önünde bulunduran, her cinsiyet için sekiz yas parametreler olusturuldu. Bilgisayar ya da akülü cihaza yüklenen program ile programlanabilen cihaz, her hastanm doktor taraflîidan klinik muayenesinden en uygun olan modu seçebilecek 32 farklünod seçenegi sagladr - Kardiyopulmoner aktivite ile de uyumlu 2 dk KAPALI terapötik darbeler her moda uygulandü Cihaz ile ilgili bir diger önemli nokta ise direkt akmisg sinyal vermesidir. Bu, doku nekrozuna neden olabilecek istenmeyen elektroliz olaylarîi* da ortadan kald Emaktad I. VNS ETKI MEKANIZMASI Vagus 10.kranial siniridir. Her iki vagus siniri de kardiyak birlesimine göre simetrik degildir. Sol vagus ve sag vagus daha çok parasempatik fiberleri içerirken sol vagus"un ventriküllere baglant IarF daha az, sag vagus'un ise kardiak atriaiya baglantls LvardLii. Iste bu nedenle stimulasyon oldugunda kardiak etki olmamas [için vagal anatomide sol vagus tercih edilir. Sol servikal vagus %80 afferent ve %20 efferent fiberler içerir. Afferent tiberler çogunlukla miyelin k lllTl _degildir Efferent fiberler de çogunlukla parasempatik olup miyelin kLllLflLldegildir ve Viseraya uzantrllar, miyelin kLllilU olanlar ise vokal kaslara uzan& Afferent fiberler abdominal, torasik ve boyun bölgesinden gelen bilgileri beyine tas &lar ve "Nucleus Tractus Solitarus`°ta sonlan Ellar. Vagal afferent tiberler Nucleus Tractus Solitarus yoluyla Spinal korda ve beynin noradrenerjik ve serotonerj ik nöromodüler sistemlerine bilateral olarak uzan mlar. Bunlardan Locus Coeruleus n0radrenerjik(NA) olarak, Raphe Nuclei ise serotonerjik(SE) olarak bütün korteks ve diger beyin yap Ührmüetkiler. Vagal afferent sinapslar ekzitatör olarak glutamate ve aspartate, inhibitör olarak GABA nörotransmiterleri ve ayrßa asetilkolin ve nöropeptidleri kullan îlar. VNS yoluyla beyine ulasan elektrik sinyalleri nöronlaan Aksiyon Potansiyellerini etkileyerek, iyon kanallarm,(Na/K ve Ca/Cl) düzenler ve polarizasyon-depolarizasyonu saglar. Bu da krizlerin azalmaslîla veya durinas na yol açar. CIHAZ PROGRAMI - GENEL BILGI * Ameliyattan sonra 1. veya 2. gün ilk programlama yapmî. Ilk programda 0.25 mA akin ile baslan m. Bu deger çok düsük olup bir etki beklenmez, sadece hastay Ealgt Ima içindir. On time"da pil ayarlanan süre boyunca ayarlanan akmfgönderir. Off time ise pilin aktif olmadgîlyani çal smadLgUsüreyi gösterir. Voltaj, frekans, dalga boyu, on time ve off time üzerinde farklLayarlar ile çesitli programlar elde edebiliriz. Ilk programlamada diger parametreler ve ayarlarElsunlard î; Frekans : 30 Hz. Dalga Boyu: 500 microsaniye On Time: 30 saniye Off Time : 5dakika * Ilk programlamay :takiben her 15-30 günde bir yeni program yap IE. Bu programlarda sadece akm ayarLyap Lllr (Hastada tolerans sorunu olmad gLsürece). Özellikle ilk 4-6 ay, yani akm degeri l-l,5 mA olana kadar hastanEi tepkisi ve hastalEgEi seyri çok iyi takip edilmeli ve degerlendirilmelidir. Bunun için en iyi yol hasta ile birlikte yasayan bir kisinin hastay Hakip etmesi ve özellikle krizlerini gözlemleyerek VNS uygulamas mdan önceki durumu ile kars lastliiarak günlük not tutmas Il E. * Hasta VNS tedavisine cevap verdigi zaman daha fazla akin yükseltmeye gerek yoktur ve programlama yap Lljnaz, fakat 3-4 ayda bir kontrolü yap LULri. * * Programlama Kablosuz Sarj Cihazlîienilen telemetri aleti yap mm. Telemetri aleti pilin üzerine yaklastuilarak yap lan program pile aktar LUL Implante edilen cihaz, üstte minimum düzeyde bir LiFePO4 sarj edilebilir pil ve üstünde ince (0.3 mm) bir plak ve üzerinde bir dahili sarj coili bulunan üç katman] Lbir sandviç olarak tasarlanmlslt Lii. Ana tedavi programlar *sisteme yüklenir. VNS yönteminde boyun bölgesinde sol vagal sinire elektrot yerlestirilir. Elektrotun distalinde bulunan klem Ltünelleyici yardunLyla gögüs bölgesine ulastLnLlli ve orada nörostimülatöre entegre Ameliyattan sonraki günlerde cihaz aktive edilir. Hasta, yas, cinsiyet, hastalgü teshisi, mevcut tedavi, kullan [[an ilaçlar gibi parametreler degerlendirilerek 32 farklîprogramdan uygun olan seçilir. Yas, cinsiyet ve hastanm pozisyonuna bagl Lolarak, vücut diline uygun bir tedavi saglar. Aerda kalp ritmi + solunum frekans ;l- metabolik hü ile uyumlu olarak stimülasyonlar saglanmaktad E. TR TR TR TR TR TR DESCRIPTION DEVICE PROVIDING ELECTRIC-BASED BORDER STIMULATION WITH A NEW ALGORITHM THROUGH THE VAGUS LIMIT IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES Technical Field Invention Iida is especially used in the surgical treatment of some neurological and psychiatric diseases such as epilepsy and depression (fan, special electrical base with algorithm, nerve adapter It is related to the device. State of the art (Prior Art): Approximately 1/3 of epilepsy patients respond to drug treatment, and a very small number of patients are suitable for resective surgery, which is based on tissue removal from the brain. The remaining patients have become increasingly popular in the last twenty years due to their high effectiveness and reliability. It is being treated with increasingly modern neuromodulation methods (changing nerve activity by giving electrical stimulation to targeted areas). The most well-known of these techniques is the vagal nerve stimulation (IVNS) method. In the 1990s, effective results were demonstrated with stimulation of the vagus nerve in the treatment of epilepsy and it was shown that impaired electroencephalography (EEG) signals were modulated. Official approval has been given by the FDA. Vagal nerve as a word means "idle, bas mos"; as Lniaktad m. The reason for this is that it is the nerve with the longest course in the skull. After being separated from its nucleus in the medulla oblongata (spinal cord onion), it passes through the jugular foramen and leaves the skull. In the neck region, it passes through the carotid artery (carotid artery and jugular vein) and continues to the intestine. 80% afferent and 20% efferent fibers. Stone Tr!. Thanks to the efferent cells, the signals it brings from the brain regulate the heart rhythm, respiration, and the movements of the esophagus, stomach and ligament. In the VNS method, an electrode is placed on the left vagal nerve in the neck region. It reaches the chest area with the help of the terminal tunneler located at the distal of the electrode and is integrated into the neurostimulator. The electrode has 3 spirals: the one near the skull is the negative electrode, the one in the middle is the positive electrode, and the downward spiral is the anchor (anchor) that prevents the system from dislodging and provides strength. The action potential is created by the electrical stimulation given from the negative electrode by the VNS device. Do not reduce the electrical stimulation given to the neck area, thus protecting the patient from possible effects. This device, which provides cyclic stimulation (such as 30 seconds every 5 minutes), provides electrical stimulation. Additionally, patients are given a magnet in the shape of a clock to enable extra activation of the system. Clinical side effects usually become evident by the 12th week of stimulation. Many theories have been put forward regarding the mechanism of action. The antiepileptic effect occurs through the afferent fibers of the vagus nerve. The most valid mechanism of action is the stimulation of the nucleus solitary tract (NST) with electrical energy given to the Lvagus and this tract includes connections with the locus cerelus (LC). LC stimulation increases noradrenaline levels in the central nervous system, resulting in antiepileptic activity. There are satisfactory results in the early period (<12 weeks), especially in the pediatric age group. Long-term results have shown effective results in focal, multifocal and generalized seizures. Post-implantation LE in cohort studies. While the average reduction in the number of seizures was around 40% over the years, this rate was seen as 64% in the 5th year of stimulation. When examined in terms of quality of life, VNS was compared to the most successful medical treatment and the result was seen to be more effective in favor of VNS. In addition, sudden and unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) rates after VNS surgery. It has been reported that there has been a significant decline over the years. Depression rates are quite high in epilepsy patients. In cases of resistant depression to which VNS is applied, it is known that depression rates significantly decrease in the long term, and the VNS technique was approved by the FDA in 2007 for the treatment of drug-resistant depression. In double-blind randomized studies consisting of large case series in the literature, the effectiveness of VNS in drug-resistant epilepsy patients has been reported to be between 30-53%. In the current system, the electrode lacks the ability to surround the vagus nerve 360 degrees at a time due to its spiral structure. The effectiveness of the system lies in the ability to create a negative electrode vas action potential in the vagus nerve. The surgical operating area is in close proximity to the carotid artery and jugular vein. Electrode; Due to the current structure and design, the surgical procedure poses serious practical difficulties when placing the lid on the vagus nerve and may cause injuries to the vagus nerve and these vessels. In the current system, electrical stimulation by creating an action potential over the vagus nerve produces a fixed electrical response. Due to the pulses given continuously at a fixed frequency, patients' sensitivity to electrical stimulation decreases and tolerance to electrical stimulation develops in patients. In the current system, the signal transmitted to the electrode by the battery implanted under the skin under the collarbone is unidirectional and contains the correct current. Although the positive pole of the electrode Although it prevents the correct current from being transmitted to the organs located in the lower part of the neck and innervated by the vagus nerve, sometimes it cannot fulfill this function fully at high voltages, and the functioning of vital organs such as the stomach, heart and intestine may be disrupted. Although Ibn batteries are rechargeable, they have some technical and structural problems: - Loss of battery power during charging, known as Eddy flows: and LiPo batteries, the per-cell safety zone is generally between 3V (fully discharged) and 4.2V (fully charged), but can be discharged up to approximately 2.8V without problems. Discharge below this level may cause irreversible damage. For this reason, these batteries often have an internal safety mechanism, and this mechanism is as @Mesarj Tönler. Conversely, low discharge can also be dangerous. Li-Po batteries have fewer charge cycles than LiFePo4 (1000@O.2C ratedEC StandardL). The projected/estimated life of the Li-ion battery is approximately 3 years from production. Although the battery life is predicted to be 3 years, performance loss occurs over time due to the chemistry of the battery. In fact, the battery used may create undesirable electrical activity and deliver high electrical current to the patient, which may be life-threatening. Nowadays, computer interface systems that are used with the device that provides vagus nerve stimulation work only with the operating system that the manufacturer has obliged to use and a computer containing that system and perform all operations. A malfunction that may occur in the computer interface of the device during surgery may cause communication problems. As a result, the surgery time may be prolonged, the reliability of the system cannot be evaluated, the side effects of the electrical stimulation given to the heart and respiratory system cannot be observed, and it cannot be determined whether the device is placed optimally or not. During and after surgery, the device cannot be activated from time to time. For all these reasons, the possibility of benefiting from the treatment applied to the patient decreases. In addition, in existing systems, there are a considerable number of cases in the literature where the electrode must be replaced with a new electrode or the treatment effectiveness of the VNS system with Hhamakad, which allows a direct intervention to the device in the future and allows a new and more effective wave model to be created in the future, is reduced or terminated. Such situations, called revision surgery in I. TI) language, also bring about possible problems. Scar tissue that develops in the surgical area may not always allow the electrode to be removed completely. While trying to remove the electrode, the vagus nerve may be damaged or even severed. The possibility of carotid artery, jugular vein, esophagus and respiratory tract injuries, and temporary or permanent vocal cord paralysis are seen at a higher rate in the literature in revision surgeries. In cases of hemorrhoids, it may not be possible to remove the electrode and the electrode is attached to the nerve and is cut off in part. In such cases, it is necessary to create a second space of approximately 3 centimeters on the vagus nerve to place a new electrode. This situation further increases the possibility of injury to the nerve and important organs in the surrounding tissue. Considering the branches of the vagus nerve in the neck region, side effects such as hoarseness and syncope are more common in the literature when the new electrode is placed closer to the proximal region. In current inventions, the signal sent is unidirectional. Making the treatment with nerve stimulation most effective is possible by diversifying the signal variations sent to the nerve. The signals transmitted to the brain by each disease may be different and have different polarities. Therefore, a unipolar signal stimulation may not be the solution in this treatment. Purposes of the Invention and Brief Description The present invention is about a device that provides electrical-based nerve stimulation via the vagus nerve with a new algorithm in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases, which was developed to eliminate the disadvantages mentioned above and bring new advantages to the relevant technical field. The most important aim of the invention is to provide better treatment to patients with EVNS applications. It will provide R1 m. The electrode structure of our invention is superior to the documents in the known state of the art for reasons such as the new electrode system designed to eliminate the problem of voice clipping, which is a side effect of vagus nerve stimulation, by generating pulses transmitted to the nerve from the device and an algorithm we have named BOLA. One of the features of the invention that distinguishes it from existing products is that the pulses are transmitted to the vagus nerve with an algorithm called BOLA. This algorithm was created by calculating the pulses created by the body's own nervous system as a result of research. Thanks to the new stimulation parameters, the effectiveness of the treatment is increased and patients are able to keep their seizures and conditions under control. With this new system, one-way flow? Negative side effects arising from it are prevented. The device is compatible with cardiopulmonary activity for 1 min. ON, 2 min. OFF produces a therapeutic signal. Another purpose of the invention is to provide easier application in VNS surgery by designing a new electrode. In this way, it is possible to minimize the possibility of injury to vital vessels and organs in the nerves and surrounding tissue. Another purpose of the invention was to shorten the surgery time due to the ease of application it would bring. In this way, the patient will be under less general anesthesia and will be less affected by the possible side effects of anesthesia. The incidence of infection after VNS surgery is given as 8-10% in the literature. In such cases, we first tried to save the implanted system with antibiotic treatment. In cases where it was not successful, the system was removed. The length of anesthesia had a direct effect on infection rates. Thanks to the invention, surgery time would be shortened and infection rates would decrease. In this way, the cost of antibiotic therapy will be minimized and patients will be protected from the possible effects of antibiotic therapy on organs. Another purpose of the invention is to prevent financial loss by reducing the doses of antiepileptic drugs used due to increased UVNS (Vagus Nerve Stimulation) effectiveness and to protect patients from the possible effects of drugs. Another purpose of the invention is to provide solutions to battery-related problems in the current and old systems. Description of the Shapes of the Invention Use figures to better explain the device that provides electrical-based border stimulation via the vagus nerve with a new algorithm in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases developed with the invention. Figure 2: With the newly designed electrode, a structure that surrounds the vagus nerve at once and 360 degrees has been created. Figure 3: I1t IE image of the separate edges of the designed new electrode that will contact the nerve. Figure 4: Internal structure of the designed electrode Figure 5: Physiological axiom potential graph Figure 6: Therapeutic basic signal pattern/calEB with repetitive and biphasic features that varies with age, gender, position and magnetic stimulation during the periods in which our invention is used is shown Figure 7: Monophasic features with existing companies therapeutic wave: Part/element reference numbers For a better understanding of the invention, the elements and reference numbers of the elements are listed below. Fri. Figure 1-a: EDDY AkEhlarD Figure 1-b: Laminated Magnetic Core Figure 1-0: Variable Battery Figure 2-a: Negative Figure 2-b: Positive Figure 2-0: Anchor Figure 2-d: Partial electrodes in each pole Figure 3-A: Electrode Side view Figure 3-B: Electrode interior view (Positive Figure 3-D: Mesh type wire system Figure 4-3: Electrode locking mechanism Figure 7-A: Stimulation Duration Figure 7-B: Increase (2 sec.) Figure 7-C: On & Stay Time Figure 7-D: Decrease ( 2 sec.) Figure 7-E: Output Pressure Current Figure 7-F: 1/ Signal Frequency: Figure 7-G: Pulse Width Figure 7-H: Off Time Separate Link Match Description of the Invention, In this detailed Description, the innovation of the invention is only more important than the subject. Understand it well. It is explained with examples that will not have any effect on the hand. The invention in question is related to the device that provides electrical-based nerve stimulation with a new algorithm through the vagus nerve in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. The newly designed electrode can completely surround the vagus nerve (Figure 2). In this way, the Z signals sent by the electrode can be transmitted to the nerve in a slippery manner. Thanks to this newly designed electrode, maximum performance is achieved from the device. The negative pole, positive pole and anchor parts of the electrode are manually locked at the level of the silicone hole on it after a full rotation around the nerve. The cuff electrode structure is used for the purpose of contacting the nerve at many points in order to eliminate problems related to electrode signal transmission (Figure 3). This bipolar, implantable electrode will be made of 3.16 L stainless steel and biocompatible wires are placed inside a completely biocompatible silicone tube. This silicone tube protects the wires extra and prevents a possible short circuit from occurring. The connection between the electrode and the device is a connector instead of the jack used in existing devices, which is more ergonomic and will not cause any difficulty for the surgeon during surgery. This connector blocks the smile contact of the device and eliminates problems such as the electrode disconnecting from the device due to body movements. Thus, with this newly developed electrode system, the difficulties caused by the helical electrode used in existing devices on the market during surgery and the damage to the nerve are eliminated. The aim of this newly designed electrode was to easily insert it into the vagus nerve without damaging it. Considering the fact that this nerve is adjacent to the right vein and that the vagus nerve is the main connecting point of the entire nervous system of the body, a possible error during a surgical procedure on this nerve can cause irreversible consequences. All possible errors were eliminated during the surgery, and an electrode was designed in this way, considering that the patient would get maximum performance from the device and eliminate any problems that may occur with the device after the surgery. Also, since it is dependent on the nerve size, patients of all age groups can easily hold on to the nerve. The pads on the electrode that contact the nerve are made with a softer silicone to prevent damage to the nerve. In this way, by wrapping the vagus nerve with a softer silicone sleeve, the therapy signals transmitted through this nerve will be transmitted to the brain quickly without damaging the nerve. Nerve damage that may occur in the hand during Ela implantation is eliminated due to the fact that it wraps the nerve softly. Moreover, this new electrode system, which will be created in pieces at each pole, has not yet found a solution for this situation, which arises because the nerve is at least close to the vocal cords of the Vagus nerve. Due to the close proximity of the vagus nerve to the vocal cords, it has been observed that the metal pads through which the electrode transmits signals also affect the vocal cords. As a solution to this problem, the split electrode system was developed. The advantage of this segmented electrode was to prevent hoarseness, which occurs as a side effect in post-implantation use. In the segmented electrode system, the positive and negative aspects of the electrode are divided into three parts (Figure 4). The electrode, which surrounds the nerve 360 degrees, can send Ltherapy signals to a 120-degree part or a 240-degree part, if desired. In this way, these electrodes, which can be controlled manually while writing the device, block the signal in the area close to the vocal cords and prevent hoarseness. In this new implant system (Vns device is expressed as a complete set (system) because it consists of multiple components), it is in the most suitable form for human physiology and contains 32 different Ltherapy modes, as well as modes that can be wirelessly connected to the device and shaped completely according to the patient's needs. It also has an operating system that can be installed. Thanks to this system, which we call BOLA (Body Own Language Approach) (body language stimulation), we can use both preliminary programs and programs that can be added later* on the device. The device in the body-implanted part of the VNS device, which we call the battery, has a processor. Thanks to this processor, the battery device can be controlled and therapy modes can be adjusted according to the patient. As it is known, some vital findings vary depending on people's heart, respiration, and even gender while standing, lying on their side, and sleeping (1,2,3). According to the BOLA algorithm Eta (a type of algorithm that changes dynamically by the microprocessor with the patient's position information depending on the previously known age and gender-specific heart rate and respiratory status), the characteristics of the previously defined treatment waves change. The device is activated by selecting the most suitable one for the patient from 7 different algorithms containing these treatment waves. Suitability for the patient is selected by evaluating the information in the disease report. In other words, the treating stimulus signal is constantly changing, as explained by a scientific article that has previously entered the medical literature, called the EDBOLA approach or HRP (Heart-Respiration-Position) method (In the known state of the technique, 30 seconds ON and 5 minutes OFF time is generally used, and titration Each patient is started on treatment with the same low level of mental health, and the most appropriate treatment pattern is tried to be found by gradually increasing the FM and amperage. In their latest models, they actively detect and make adjustments to the heart rate. In this new system, the detection system for differences in patient position is applied. Heart and respiratory frequencies are known to change in humans in upright, sleeping and horizontal positions (1-3). According to the position information coming from the accelerometer inside the processor, it can be checked whether the patient is lying on his side or not and a different treatment protocol can be started accordingly. Another important point about this device is that the calling signal will be given directly from the stream. This signal will not eliminate the undesirable electrolysis effect that may cause tissue necrosis. The therapeutic signal sent by the invention to the patient operates within the physiological stimulation frequency (12 and 25 Hz Hertz) ranges that are accepted in the literature and used in commercial vagal nerve stimulators. The wave model is bipolar, unlike other commercial products (Figure 7). The scientific reason for this is that the pumps located in the ultrastructural plan in the cell wall, especially in the neuron cell wall, are considered as capacitors in modeling in the field of electronics science, therefore it is more appropriate to use the alternative flow model approach with biphasic properties, rather than the correct battery, in order to create electron accumulation through capacitor structures. In fact, the physiological axiom potential measured in nerve conduction signals and flowing through nerve axon fibers is exactly like this (Figure 5). In this model that will be used, treatment support is provided using bipolar pulse(s) (Figure 6). Scientific studies on the BOLA approach confirm the accuracy of this discovery. To ensure long battery life, please use LiFePO4 batteries. LiFePO4 batteries provide advantages from other batteries with their different features: It has a slightly lower operating voltage of approximately 3.2V-3.3V, a minimum discharge voltage of H2.8V and a maximum charging voltage of 3.6V. LiFePO4 batteries have a more constant discharge voltage and are thought to provide better safety than other Lithium-based batteries. Other advantages of lithium-based rechargeable batteries are much faster charging and discharging rates than the other chemistries mentioned, and a higher number of charging cycles, which generally means longer life, although not exactly. The FP 2000@0.2C rate is available in the IEC Standard, but the energy density is higher than that of a normal Li-Ion cell ( Li-Co) is lower and the average life of LiFePO4 is approximately 5-7 years. A key advantage over other lithium-ion chemistry is thermal and chemical stability, which has increased battery safety. LiFePO4 is a safer cathode material than LiCoO. The Fe-P-O bond is stronger than the Co-O bond, so when forced (short circuit, ASEU isms, etc.) it is much more difficult to remove oxygen atoms. Stabilization of redox energies in this way also aids ion migration. Lithium, in a LiCoO cathode cell, C002, undergoes nonlinear expansion that affects the structural integrity of the cell. The fully lithified and unnitrified states of LiFePO4 are structurally similar, so LiFePO4 cells are judged to be stronger than LiCoOT. No lithium remains at the cathode of a fully charged LiFePO4 cell. In a LiCO2 cell, approximately THG/050 ca. It is much more difficult to ignite, but fully charged batteries can only dissipate the main charge energy, so it is still possible to overheat the battery through incorrect use. In general, LiFePO4 does not separate at high temperatures, depending on the settings. Its battery has a charging capacity of approximately 500-1000 times. When the battery life expires, if it is not recharged, the stimulation ends completely with unwanted EDDY CURRENTS in the signal generator (Figure 1). and Ishma problems that occur in the battery body and threaten human health, this problem will be prevented by optimizing the embedded energy in the brain cell and by sealing it with siliconized material against electron flow. Another purpose of the invention is to prevent E-programming difficulties. Patients with completely implanted brain pacemakers had to go to the hospital from time to time to adjust the stimulation parameters and sometimes there were problems in programming the internal system from outside. I presented the benefits and features provided by Tüh in this article; The external/DLS control unit's tool can be connected to the PC write IEnE with mfg and pulse/wave pulse frequency DayarD(FM: Frequency Modulation) can be made with this software's tool IEgD. When a new therapeutic wave pattern supported by the literature, i.e. invented in laboratories or clinics, is found or suggested, it is possible to easily reprogram this therapeutic wave pattern from the external unit without shutting down the device. With this script, the device can be stopped/muted or restarted. As we mentioned in the section above, the effectiveness of the system is proportional to the action potential it can create with electrical stimulation transmitted to the nerve. Thanks to the new electrode, since the contact with the nerve will be at the maximum level, electrical stimulation will be made easier, the action potential will be formed more easily, and the treatment effectiveness will be provided in a longer time. In the design of the invention, negative and positive poles and a thin silicone layer have been added to the anchor part between the nerve and the electrode. This layer will be separated from the electrode during surgery and left as a thin membrane on the nerve. Thus, revision surgery time was shortened. In addition, the duration of hospital stay and the economic burden on social security institutions were minimized (Figure 3). The device can read the patient's physiological position information thanks to the sensors integrated into the device and sends information to the main processor that the patient is asleep. The operation of the therapy in low mode during sleep @Baglalamakd E. It has been optimized considering that there are short rests. Based on the details above, it is a device that provides electrical-based nerve stimulation with a new algorithm over the vagus nerve in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases; o Formation of a possible key circuit by keeping the biocompatible wires extra: at least one contact that goes into a biocompatible silicone tube to ensure blocking, has a plug-and-play connector at one end to connect to the implant, and has a bipolar warning device at the other end. containing negative, positive poles and a thin (2 mm thick) silicone layer in the anchor section, covering the vagus nerve at once and 360 degrees, negative pole, positive pole and anchor parts, which are manually locked at the level of the silicone hole on it after a full rotation around the nerve, transmitted from the device At least one bipolar implantable electrode, each pole of which is divided in itself, which provides the signals to be transferred to the area close to the vocal cords and contains at least one pad surrounding the nerve, enabling the gap to be closed by means of a handwritten device in the desired region, o At least one main processor where the Bola algorithm is run. It is the content of the elements. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the device includes at least one rechargeable hybrid power source that provides the energy required to operate the device. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, there is at least one connector used to prevent the device from contacting the body and to prevent the electrode from being disconnected from the device due to body movements. Preferably, the invention includes at least one battery device with a processor that provides adjustment of different therapy modes compatible with human physiology and includes an accelerometer to ensure understanding of the patient's position information. In this application, there is an operating system that can be wirelessly connected to the battery device and loaded with modes that can be shaped completely according to the patient's needs. I. In the invention, there is at least one device that allows the therapy to run in low mode during sleep by reading the patient's physiological position information and sending information to the main processor that the patient is asleep. There is an integrated sensor. E. The mentioned pads should preferably be made of soft (40 shore resistance coefficient) radiopaque silicone material. E. The said piece is divided into three parts, which are the positive and negative clamps of the electrode in the electrode system. I. The mentioned therapy devices are 32 pieces. The signals in question are bipolar wave model. The power source in question is preferably lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). The invention includes an electrode that sends therapy signals with 120-degree or 240-degree chemical therapy to the 360-degree nerve. The process name of the method of warming up my device is: For Stimulation Parameters; - Watchdog Timer (Watchdog Timer WDT) (With the Watchdog mechanism, the main software running in the system is terminated and the system restarts.) close Ürnas; - Set voltage setting Ulnas U 0 Set clock setting Ln Llrnas, o Make port forwarding for signal Llsl Ls m 1111 Lllnas U 0 Set pinning for low power, o Serial Peripheral Interface for Microelectro Mechanical System (MEMS). SP1) (This protocol is a synchronized serial data protocol used by microcontrollers to quickly communicate with one or more peripheral devices at a short distance.) setting the communication protocol, resetting the MEMS, setting the MEMS, setting the device information from the Flash memory; Resetting the radio core, Setting the radio core, Activating the radio data reception mode, Adjusting the timer for signal failures, Checking which operating mode the device is in, If it is in sleep mode, it will enter low power mode and finish the process, If it is in operating mode, the device will be charged. Check whether the device is charged or not. If the device is being charged, setting the MEMS J and switching to low power mode and finishing the process. If the device is not charging, signal timing El Ii Start Stimulating signals of the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device were created by considering the following three factors: (1) heart rate (H(Heart)) (2) respiratory frequency: (B(Breathe)) (3) patient position ( P(Position)) 0 Using these factors, HBP stimulation modes were created. Physiological studies have shown that heart palpitations and respiratory ailments vary with age, gender, and position of the patient, such as standing up in daily life and lying down in sleep. Taking these physiological facts into account, eight-year-old parameters were created for each gender. The device, which can be programmed with the program loaded on a computer or battery-powered device, provides 32 different node options that allow each patient to choose the most appropriate mode from the clinical examination by the doctor - 2 min OFF therapeutic pulses, which are also compatible with cardiopulmonary activity, were applied to each mode. Another important point about the device is direct flow. is to signal. This also eliminates undesirable electrolysis events* that could cause tissue necrosis. Both vagus nerves are not symmetrical with respect to their cardiac junction. While the left vagus and right vagus contain more parasympathetic fibers, the left vagus has less connection to the ventricles, and the right vagus has less connection to the cardiac atria. For this reason, the left vagus is preferred in vagal anatomy to avoid any cardiac effect when there is stimulation. Left cervical vagus. It contains 80% afferent and 20% efferent fibers. Afferent fibers are mostly without myelin hair. Efferent fibers are mostly parasympathetic and do not have myelin hair and extend to the Viscera. Those with myelin hair extend to the vocal muscles. Afferent fibers carry information from the abdominal, thoracic and neck regions to the brain and end in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarus. Vagal afferent tibere extends bilaterally to the spinal cord and noradrenergic and serotonergic neuromodular systems of the brain via the Nucleus Tractus Solitarus. Of these, Locus Coeruleus affects the whole cortex and other brain structures as a noradrenergic (NA) and serotonergic (SE) Vagal afferent synapses. It uses glutamate and aspartate as excitators, GABA neurotransmitters as well as acetylcholine and neuropeptides as inhibitors. Electrical signals reaching the brain via VNS affect neuronal Action Potentials, regulating ion channels (Na/K and Ca/Cl) and providing polarization-depolarization. It causes crises to decrease or cease. DEVICE PROGRAM - GENERAL INFORMATION * Initial programming should be done on the 1st or 2nd day after the surgery. In the first program, I started with 0.25 mA current. This value is very low and no effect is expected, it is only for evaluating the patient. On time, the battery sends the adjusted current for the set time. Off time shows the time when the battery is not active, that is, not working. We can obtain various programs with different settings on voltage, frequency, wavelength, on time and off time. Other parameters and settings are presented in the first programming: Frequency : 30 Hz. Wavelength: 500 microseconds On Time: 30 seconds Off Time: 5 minutes * After the first programming, make a new program every 15-30 days. In these programs, only adjust the current (especially the first one). For 4-6 months, that is, until the current value reaches 1-1.5 mA, the patient's response and the course of the disease should be closely monitored and evaluated. The best way to do this is to have a person living with the patient monitor the patient and evaluate his condition before VNS application, especially by observing his crises. * When the patient responds to VNS treatment, there is no need to increase the flow further and do programming Lljnaz, but check every 3-4 months LULri. * * Programming Telemetry device with Wireless Charger built. The telemetry device is placed close to the battery and the program is transferred to the battery. LUL The implanted device is designed as a three-layer sandwich with a minimum LiFePO4 rechargeable battery on top, a thin (0.3 mm) plate on top, and an internal charging coil on top. Main treatment programs are *uploaded to the system. In the VNS method, an electrode is placed on the left vagal nerve in the neck area. The clamp located distal to the electrode reaches the chest area with the help of the tunneler and is integrated into the neurostimulator there. The device is activated in the days after the surgery. Parameters such as patient, age, gender, disease diagnosis, current treatment, and medications used are evaluated and the appropriate one is selected from 32 different programs. It provides a treatment appropriate to the patient's body language, depending on the patient's age, gender and position. In Aerda, stimulations are provided in accordance with heart rhythm + respiratory frequency; l- metabolic state E.TR TR TR TR TR TR

Claims (1)

1.ISTEMLER . Nörolojik ve psikiyatrik hastalüîlarm tedavisinde vagus siniri üzerinden yeni bir algoritmayla elektrik tabanl .Isinir uyarEhFlsaglayan cihaz olup özelligi; Biyouyumlu telleri ekstra olarak muhafaza ederek olasUbir kLSa devrenin olusmastnln engellenmesini saglamak için en az bir adet biyouyumlu silikon bir tüp içerisine giren, bir ucunda implanta baglamak için tak çal St? seklinde bir konektör bulunan ve diger ucunda iki kutuplu uyarßüolan en az bir adet kontak içeren, negatif pozitif kutuplar ve anchor klsm îida bir silikon tabaka içeren, vagus sinirini saran; cihazdan iletilen sinyallerin aktarmüiLsaglayan ve siniri saran en az bir adet ped içeren, ses tellerine yakLn olan bölgeye giden sinyalleri istenilen bölgede cihazi yaz [DIJiEarac [lig Sila açî› kapat ImasEiIsaglayan, spiral yap Fda, bipolar implante edilebilir en az bir adet elektrot, Bola algoritmaslîim kosturuldugu en az bir adet ana islemci unsurlar In jçermesidir. . Istem l'e göre cihaz olup, özelligi; insan fizyolojisine uyumlu farklüterapi modlarîiD ayarlanmas hi; saglayan ve hastanm pozisyon bilgisinin anlas hasta; saglamak için akseloremetre içeren en az bir islemciye sahip en az bir adet pil cihazTiçermesidir. . Istem 2”ye göre cihaz olup, özelligi; pil cihaz ile kablosuz olarak baglantjiurulup tamamen hastanlîi ihtiyaclîia göre sekillendirilebilen modlarîi da yüklenebilecegi en az bir isletim sistemi içermesidir. . YukarTdaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, Özelligi; cihazTri çal @mas-için gereken enerjiyi saglayan, sarj edilebilir en az bir adet hibrit güç kaynag îçermesidir. . YukarElaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; konektörûn, cihazi] süt: ile temas m engelleyen ve vücut hareketleri sebebiyle elektrodun cihazla olan baglant s` Dilli kesilmemesi için kullan [Dan bir konektör olmas M. . Yukarkiaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; hastann fizyolojik pozisyon bilgilerinin okunmasmüve ana islemciye hastanîi uyku halinde oldugu bilgisini göndererek uyku halinde terapinin düsük modda çal _smas El _saglayan en az bir adet entegre sensör içermesidir. YukarElaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; elektrodun, negatif kutbu, pozitif kutbu ve anchor parçalarFsinir çevresinde tam tur döndükten sonra manuel olarak kilitlenmesi için en az bir silikon delik içermesidir. Yukarhlaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; elektrodun vagus sinirini tek seferde ve 360 derece saran bir elektrot olmas HE. Yukarfdaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; bahsi geçen pedlerin 40 shore direnç katsayLdea sahip radiopak silikon malzemeden olmasldlri. YukarTclaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; bahsi geçen silikon tabakan n 2 mm kal Lrll g nda olmasLdLn. . YukarTdaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup; özelligi; elektrotun her kutbunun kendi içinde parçal Eyap Ela olmas El î. Istem 12”ye göre cihaz olup, özelligi; özelligi; bahsi geçen parçalTlelektrot sisteminde elektrodun pozitif ve negatif ks biilarnm kendi içinde üç parçaya aerlinLsl olmasldr. YukarElaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; bahsi geçen terapi modlar Ln Lizl 32 adet olmas d bi. YukarTdaki istemlerden herhangi birine göre cihaz olup, özelligi; bahsi geçen sinyallerin bipolar dalga modelli olmasfdî. Istem 4“e göre cihaz olup, özelligi; bahsi geçen güç kaynagmm lityum demir fosfat (LiFePO4) olmasdli. Istem 1 veya Istem 8,6 göre cihaz olup, özelligi; 360 derece sardfgEsinire istenildiginde 120 derecelik klslm Lya da 240 derecelik ksm Lile terapi sinyallerini gönderen bir elektrota sahip olmas El I. TR TR TR TR TR TR1.CLAIMS. It is a device that provides electrically based, heated stimulation via a new algorithm via the vagus nerve in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases. In order to prevent the formation of a possible short circuit by keeping the biocompatible wires as extra, there is at least one plug-and-play device that goes into a biocompatible silicone tube and connects to the implant at one end. It has a connector in the form of a connector and contains at least one contact with bipolar stimulation at the other end, containing negative and positive poles and a silicone layer on the anchor part, surrounding the vagus nerve; Write the device in the desired region, containing at least one pad that ensures the transfer of the signals transmitted from the device and surrounds the nerve, signals going to the area close to the vocal cords It contains at least one main processor elements that are run. . It is a device according to claim 1 and its feature is; Setting different therapy modes compatible with human physiology; providing patient understanding of the patient's position information; It includes at least one battery device with at least one processor containing an accelerometer to provide . It is a device according to claim 2 and its feature is; The battery is connected to the device wirelessly and contains at least one operating system that can be configured according to the patient's needs and can be loaded with modes. . It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The device must contain at least one rechargeable hybrid power source that provides the energy required for operation. . It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The connector has a connector that prevents contact with the device and prevents the connection of the electrode with the device from being cut off due to body movements. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; It contains at least one integrated sensor that reads the patient's physiological position information and sends information to the main processor that the patient is asleep, allowing the therapy to operate in low mode during sleep. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The electrode must contain at least one silicone hole for the negative pole, positive pole and anchor parts to be manually locked after a full rotation around the nerve. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; HE is that the electrode is an electrode that surrounds the vagus nerve at once and 360 degrees. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The mentioned pads should be made of radiopaque silicone material with a resistance coefficient of 40 shore. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The silicone layer in question must be 2 mm thick. . It is a device according to any of the above claims; feature; Each pole of the electrode is divided into itself. It is a device according to claim 12 and its feature is; feature; In the said split electrode system, the positive and negative parts of the electrode must be divided into three parts. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The therapy modes mentioned are Ln Lizl, there are 32 units. It is a device according to any of the above claims and its feature is; The signals in question were not supposed to have a bipolar wave model. It is a device according to claim 4 and its feature is; The power source in question must be lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). It is a device according to Claim 1 or Claim 8.6 and its feature is; 360-degree wrapping, 120-degree section or 240-degree section when desired. It has an electrode that sends therapy signals. Hand I. TR TR TR TR TR TR
TR2021/019150A 2021-12-06 2021-12-06 DEVICE THAT PROVIDES ELECTRIC-BASED NERVE Stimulation THROUGH A NEW ALGORITHM THROUGH THE VAGUS NERVE IN THE TREATMENT OF NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC DISEASES TR2021019150A2 (en)

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PCT/TR2022/051404 WO2023107059A2 (en) 2021-12-06 2022-12-05 Device providing electrical-based nerve stimulation with a new algorithm over the vagus nerve in the treatment of neurological and psychiatric diseases

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