TR2021003044A1 - HIGH VOLTAGE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES - Google Patents

HIGH VOLTAGE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES

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Publication number
TR2021003044A1
TR2021003044A1 TR2021/003044A TR2021003044A TR2021003044A1 TR 2021003044 A1 TR2021003044 A1 TR 2021003044A1 TR 2021/003044 A TR2021/003044 A TR 2021/003044A TR 2021003044 A TR2021003044 A TR 2021003044A TR 2021003044 A1 TR2021003044 A1 TR 2021003044A1
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TR
Turkey
Prior art keywords
high voltage
voltage
electrical
circuit
electrical devices
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TR2021/003044A
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Turkish (tr)
Inventor
Elçi̇n Taşkan Esra
Aydin Mustafa
Original Assignee
Esra Çi̇ntesun
Esra Cintesun
Aydin Mustafa
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Publication date
Application filed by Esra Çi̇ntesun, Esra Cintesun, Aydin Mustafa filed Critical Esra Çi̇ntesun
Priority to TR2021/003044A priority Critical patent/TR2021003044A1/en
Publication of TR2021003044A1 publication Critical patent/TR2021003044A1/en

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Abstract

Bu buluş, elektrikli cihazları yüksek gerilinden koruma sistemidir (8). Elektrik ile çalışan bütün cihazları, (elektrikli ve elektronik cihazlar, buzdolabı, çamaşır makinası, akıllı tahta, klasik kaynak makinası, inverter kaynak makinası v.s) çalıştıkları elektrik şebekesinden gelebilecek her türlü yüksek gerilimden (a.c ) aktif olarak korur.This invention is a high voltage protection system for electrical devices (8). It actively protects all electrical and electronic devices (electrical and electronic devices, refrigerator, washing machine, smart board, classical welding machine, inverter welding machine, etc.) from all kinds of high voltage (a.c.) that may come from the electrical network.

Description

TARIFNAME ELEKTRIKLI CIHAZLARI YÜKSEK GERILIMDEN KORUMA Bulusun ilgili oldugu teknik saha Bu bulus, elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilimden koruma sistemi (8) ile ilgilidir. Teknigin bilinen durumu Bu bulus, elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilimden aktif olarak koruyan bir sistemdir (8). Elektrik ile çalisan bütün cihazlari, (elektrikli ve elektronik cihazlar, buzdolabi, çamasir makinasi, akilli tahta, klasik kaynak makinasi, inverter kaynak makinasi v.s) yüksek gerilimden aktif olarak korur. Teknigin bilinen durumunda ise; elektrik ile çalisan cihazlari koruma söyledir: Sebeke gerilimi (a.c.) kesilip, belirli bir süreden sonra tekrar geri geldiginde 3-53 bekler ve yüke elektrik enerjisini, (mekanik bir devre elemani olan) röle veya kontaktör ile devreye uygular. Kontaktör devreyi açip, kapatirken (mekanik kontaklara sahip oldugu için) bir gecikme (200ms gibi) söz konusudur. Dolayisiyla alici olarak çalisan elektrikli cihazlari, gecikmeli olarak, sebeke kesilip, gelince tekrar devreye alir. Fakat sebekede çalisirken, alternans bazinda gerilim yükselmelerine karsi yetersizdir. Mevcut sistemler, yapilari geregi ve mekanik kontak yapisina sahip olduklari için, gerekli korumayi saglayamazlar. Bulusun çözümünü amacladigi teknik problemler Bulusumuz olan, elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilimden aktif koruma sistemi (8) ise, teknigin bilinen durumunun disinda bir çalisma sistemine sahiptir. Aktif bir yüksek gerilim koruma sistemidir. Statik olarak çalisir. Hareketli, hiç bir mekanik parçasi yoktur. Sebeke gerilimini alternans alternans takip ve kontrol eder. Sürekli olarak sebeke gerilimini (a.c.), sisteminde bulunan referans gerilimi ile karsilastirir. Sebeke gerilimi referans geriliminden büyük ise, çikisi keserek, alici cihazi durdurur ve yanmaktan korur. Sebeke gerilimi referans geriliminden küçük veya esit ise, aliciya elektrik enerjisinin geçisine izin vererek çalismasini saglar. Sekillerin açiklamasi Sekil 1: Elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilinden koruma sistemi (8) blok semasidir. Sekil 2: Karsilastirma ve karar verme devresi çikis pwm dalga seklidir. Sekillerdeki referanslarin açiklanmasi Sekildeki parçalar numaralandirilmis olup, açiklamalari asagida verilmektedir. Resim 1 de; (1 )Yüksek gerilim algilama devresi (2 )Dogrultma ve filtre devresi (3 )Besleme devresi (4 )Karsilast1rma ve karar verme devresi (5 )kontrol devresi (6 )Güç devresi (7 )Alici devresi (8 ) Elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilinden koruma sistemi Bulusun açiklanmasi Elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilinden koruma sistemine (8), elektrik enerjisi (a.c.) uygulandiginda; yüksek gerilim algilama devresindeki kondansatörler tarafindan süzülür (1). Dogrultma ve filtre devresindeki (2) dogrultma diyotlari tarafindan dogrultulur. Filtre kondansatörleri (2) ile dogrultulur. Sistemin çalismasi için gerekli dogru gerilim (d.c.), besleme devresi (3) tarafindan istenilen degerde sabit tutulur. Sebeke gerilimi (a.c.) gerekli tiltrelerden geçirildikten sonra dogrultulur (2). Karsilastirici ve karar verme devresinin (4) girisine uygulanir. Karsilastirma ve karar verme devresinde (4); çok turlu bir trimpot ile alici devresinin (7) korunmasi için, kesmesini istedigimiz sebeke geriliminin (ac.) üst degeri çikisi, pwm (darbe bosluk) teknigine (sekil 2"deki gibi) göre çalisir. Eger; giris sebeke gerilimi (a.c.), ayarladigimiz gerilimin üst set degerinin üzerine çikarsa, karsilastirici ve karar verme devresinin (4) çikisi (pwm dolu kontrol devresini çalistiracak gerilimin altindadir. Dolayisiyla kontrol devresi çalismaz. Kontrol devresine bagli güç devresi de çalismaz. Aliciya elektrik enerjisi (a.c.) gitmedigi için, alici da çalismaz. Böylece alici, yüksek gelen (elektrik enerjisinin) gerilim degerinden (3 80, 500,600 vac. gibi) korunmus olur. Eger; giris sebeke gerilimi (a.c.), normal sinirlar içinde olursa (l 10 - 250vac gibi), (bu degerler, sabit deger olmayip, kullanici istedigi degerlere ayarlayabilir). Karsilastirma ve karar verici devrenin(4) çikisindaki pwm°in pals degeri, kontrol devresini (5) çalistiracak degere ulastigindan (karsilastirici ve karar verici devre (4) ters mantiga göre çalisir), kontrol devresi güç devresini çalistirarak, yüke (aliciya) elektrik enerjisi ileteceginden, yük (alici) çalisir. Giris sebeke gerilimi (ac.) yüksek degerde ise, çikis pwm küçük degerdedir. Giris sebeke gerilimi (ac.) normal sinirlar içinde ise, çikis pwm büyük degerdedir. Kontrol devresini çalistirir. Kontrol devresinde(5) bulunan sifir geçis devresi tarafindan, güç devresinde (6) bulunan, güç kontrol devre elemani olan triyak, sebeke geriliminin sifir degerlerinde sürülür (çalistirilir). Güç kontrol devre (6) elemani olarak çalisan triyak, gerilimin sifir degerlerinde sürüldügünden, üzerinde harcanan güç kaybi minimum oldugundan, sistem verimli bir sekilde çalismis olur. Böylece alici (7); kullanicinin ayarlamis oldugu gerilim degerlerinin altindaki degerlerde (250-260vac.gibi) güvenli bir sekilde çalisir. Giris sebeke gerilimi (a.c.) ayarlanan gerilimin set degerini astiginda ise, çikisa bir tek altemans bile kaçirmadan, aliciyi mükemmel bir sekilde, set degerinin üzerindeki yüksek gerilim degerlerinden korur. Sistemin girisine yüksek gerilim degeri geldiginde, çikisa (aliciya (7)) elektrik enerjisi uygulaninaz. Giris gerilimi normal set degerinin altina inince, çikisa elektrik enerjisi uygulanir ve alici çalisir. Giris gerilimi yüksek degerde gelince, çikisa giden elektrik enerjisini keser, giris gerilimi normal sinirlar içine inince de çikisa elektrik enerjisi göndererek, aliciyi (7) çalistirir. Bütün bu islemleri otomatik olarak yapar ve aliciyi otomatik olarak korur. Bulusun sanayide uygulanma biçimi Bulusumuz olan sistem; 220Vac bir fazli sebekede çalisan elektrikli cihazlar, (buz dolabi, çamasir makinasi, kaynak makinasi, inverter kaynak makinasi, akilli tahta ve her türlü elektrikle çalisan elektrik ve elektronik cihazlar) yanlislikla 380vac sebeke gerilimine baglanmis olsa (3 Süvac gerilim uygulanmis olsa, ya da anlik yüksel gerilim gelmis olsa) bile, zarar görmez. Alici tekrar 220vac sebeke gerilimine baglandiginda, normal çalismasina devam eder. Kesinlikle elektriksel olarak zarar görmez. Elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilinden koruma sistemi (8); sanayide (uygulamada, imalatta) bagimsiz bir cihaz olarak imalati (Elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilinden koruma sistemi bulunmayan, bizim bulusumuzdan önce imalati yapilan cihazlar) yapilabilir. Bizim bulusumuz olan elektrikli cihazlari yüksek gerilinden koruma sisteminden sonra üretilecek cihazlarin içine de ilave edilebilir. Böylece; ülke ekonomisine katki (elektrikli ve elektronik cihazlarin arizalanmasini önledigi için, yedek parça ve isçilik ortadan kaldirdigi için) saglar. Milli servetimizi zayi olmaktan kurtarmis olur. TR TR TR TR TR DESCRIPTION PROTECTION OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES FROM HIGH VOLTAGE The technical field to which the invention relates. This invention is related to the system (8) to protect electrical devices from high voltage. State of the Art This invention is a system that actively protects electrical devices from high voltage (8). It actively protects all electrically powered devices (electrical and electronic devices, refrigerators, washing machines, smart boards, classic welding machines, inverter welding machines, etc.) from high voltage. In the known state of the technique; The protection of electrically operated devices is as follows: When the mains voltage (a.c.) is cut off and comes back after a certain period of time, it waits for 3-53 and applies the electrical energy to the load via a relay or contactor (which is a mechanical circuit element). There is a delay (about 200ms) when the contactor opens and closes the circuit (since it has mechanical contacts). Therefore, it activates the electrical devices working as receivers with a delay, after the mains is cut off and restored. However, when operating on the network, it is insufficient against voltage increases on an alternance basis. Existing systems cannot provide the necessary protection due to their structure and mechanical contact structure. Technical problems that the invention aims to solve: Our invention, the active protection system (8) for electrical devices from high voltage, has a working system that is outside the known state of the art. It is an active high voltage protection system. It works statically. It has no moving mechanical parts. It monitors and controls the mains voltage alternating. It constantly compares the mains voltage (a.c.) with the reference voltage in its system. If the mains voltage is greater than the reference voltage, the receiver stops the device by cutting off the output and protects it from burning. If the mains voltage is less than or equal to the reference voltage, it allows the transmission of electrical energy to the receiver and ensures its operation. Explanation of the figures Figure 1: Block diagram of the electrical devices protection system (8) from high voltage. Figure 2: Comparison and decision-making circuit output PWM waveform. Explanation of references in the figures The parts in the figure are numbered and their explanations are given below. In Picture 1; (1) High voltage detection circuit (2) Rectification and filter circuit (3) Supply circuit (4) Comparison and decision-making circuit (5) control circuit (6) Power circuit (7) Receiver circuit (8) Protection of electrical devices from high voltage system Description of the invention When electrical energy (a.c.) is applied to the system (8) for protecting electrical devices from high voltage; It is filtered by capacitors in the high voltage detection circuit (1). It is rectified by the rectification diodes in the rectifier and filter circuit (2). It is rectified with filter capacitors (2). The direct voltage (d.c.) required for the operation of the system is kept constant at the desired value by the supply circuit (3). The mains voltage (a.c.) is rectified after being passed through the necessary voltage regulators (2). It is applied to the input of the comparator and decision-making circuit (4). In the comparison and decision-making phase (4); In order to protect the receiver circuit (7) with a multi-turn trimpot, the upper value output of the mains voltage (ac.) that we want to cut works according to the PWM (pulse gap) technique (as in Figure 2). If; the input mains voltage (a.c.), If the voltage we set exceeds the upper set value, the output of the comparator and decision-making circuit (4) is below the voltage that will operate the PWM-filled control circuit. Therefore, the control circuit does not work. The power circuit connected to the control circuit does not work either. Since electrical energy (a.c.) does not go to the receiver, the receiver does not work either. Thus, the receiver is protected from high incoming (electrical energy) voltage values (such as 3 80, 500,600 vac.); It is not a fixed value, the user can set it to the desired values). Since the pulse value of the PWM at the output of the comparison and decision making circuit (4) reaches the value that will activate the control circuit (5) (the comparator and decision making circuit (4) works according to reverse logic), the control circuit. By operating the power circuit, the load (receiver) works because it will transmit electrical energy to the load (receiver). If the input mains voltage (ac.) is high, the output PWM is low. If the input mains voltage (ac.) is within normal limits, the output PWM is at a high value. It operates the control circuit. By the zero transition circuit in the control circuit (5), the triac, which is the power control circuit element in the power circuit (6), is driven (operated) at zero values of the mains voltage. Since the triac, which works as the power control circuit (6) element, is driven at zero voltage values and the power loss consumed on it is minimal, the system operates efficiently. Thus, the receiver (7); It operates safely at values below the voltage values set by the user (such as 250-260vac.). When the input mains voltage (a.c.) exceeds the set value of the adjusted voltage, it perfectly protects the receiver from high voltage values above the set value, without missing a single alternation to the output. When a high voltage value reaches the input of the system, electrical energy is not applied to the output (receiver (7)). When the input voltage drops below the normal set value, electrical energy is applied to the output and the receiver operates. When the input voltage is high, it cuts off the electrical energy going to the output, and when the input voltage drops within normal limits, it operates the receiver (7) by sending electrical energy to the output. It performs all these operations automatically and protects the recipient automatically. How the invention is applied in industry The system that we invented; If electrical devices operating on a 220Vac single-phase network (refrigerator, washing machine, welding machine, inverter welding machine, smart board and all kinds of electrical and electronic devices) are accidentally connected to 380vac mains voltage (3 Süvac voltage is applied or instantaneous Even if high voltage is present, it will not be damaged. When the receiver is connected to 220vac mains voltage again, it continues its normal operation. Absolutely no electrical damage. System to protect electrical devices from high voltage (8); It can be manufactured as an independent device in the industry (in practice, in manufacturing) (Devices that do not have a high voltage protection system for electrical devices and were manufactured before our invention). Our invention can also be added to the devices to be produced after the high voltage protection system for electrical devices. Like this; It contributes to the country's economy (as it prevents the malfunction of electrical and electronic devices and eliminates spare parts and labor). It will save our national wealth from being wasted. TR TR TR TR TR

TR2021/003044A 2021-02-24 2021-02-24 HIGH VOLTAGE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES TR2021003044A1 (en)

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TR2021/003044A TR2021003044A1 (en) 2021-02-24 2021-02-24 HIGH VOLTAGE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR2021/003044A TR2021003044A1 (en) 2021-02-24 2021-02-24 HIGH VOLTAGE PROTECTION SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DEVICES

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TR2021003044A1 true TR2021003044A1 (en) 2022-09-21

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