TR201918361A2 - Hydrogen storage composite material - Google Patents
Hydrogen storage composite material Download PDFInfo
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- TR201918361A2 TR201918361A2 TR2019/18361A TR201918361A TR201918361A2 TR 201918361 A2 TR201918361 A2 TR 201918361A2 TR 2019/18361 A TR2019/18361 A TR 2019/18361A TR 201918361 A TR201918361 A TR 201918361A TR 201918361 A2 TR201918361 A2 TR 201918361A2
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- catalyst
- hydrogen
- boron
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 20
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910020674 Co—B Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- TZHYBRCGYCPGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[N] Chemical compound [B].[N] TZHYBRCGYCPGBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910003203 NH3BH3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WZMUUWMLOCZETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;borane Chemical compound B.N WZMUUWMLOCZETI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001938 differential scanning calorimetry curve Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000113 differential scanning calorimetry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron sodium Chemical compound [B].[Na] MOOAHMCRPCTRLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 nitrogen-containing chemical compound Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0078—Composite solid storage mediums, i.e. coherent or loose mixtures of different solid constituents, chemically or structurally heterogeneous solid masses, coated solids or solids having a chemically modified surface region
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/06—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of inorganic compounds containing electro-positively bound hydrogen, e.g. water, acids, bases, ammonia, with inorganic reducing agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Abstract
Buluş konusu, yüksek verimlilikte hidrojen üretiminin yapılabildiği, tek depolama sistemi isteyen, yakıt pili ve enerji gerektiren sistemlere entegre edilebilen, istenilen anda ve gerekli hızda salınımı gerçekleştirebilen bir hidrojen depolama kompozit malzemesinin eldesi ve kullanılması ile ilgilidir.The subject of the invention is related to the production and use of a hydrogen storage composite material that can produce hydrogen with high efficiency, can be integrated into systems that require a single storage system, that require fuel cells and energy, and can release at the desired time and at the required speed.
Description
TARIFNAME HIDROJEN DEPOLAMA KOMPOZIT MALZEMESI TEK NIK ALAN Bulus, yakit pili ve enerji gerektiren sistemlere entegre edilebilen, istenilen anda ve gerekli hizda hidrojen salinimi gerçeklestirebilen, hidrojeni depolayabilen bir kompozit malzemesi üretimi ile ilgilidir. DESCRIPTION HYDROGEN STORAGE COMPOSITE MATERIAL SINGLE NICK FIELD The invention can be integrated into fuel cell and energy-requiring systems, at any time and at any time. a system that can release hydrogen at the required rate and store hydrogen relates to the production of composite materials.
Bulus, güvenli hidrojen depolayabilen kompozit malzeme eldesi ile ilgilidir. ÖNCEKI TEKNIK Günümüzde dünyada enerji ihtiyacinin büyük bir kisminin karsilanmasinda kullanilan fosil yakitlar (petrol, dogal gaz, kömür) hizla tükenmektedir. Ayrica bu yakitlarin yanma ürünleri sera etkisi, ozon tabakasinin delinmesi, asit yagmuru ve hava kirliligi gibi küresel problemlere neden olmaktadir. Bu problemler çok ciddi çevresel etkiler yaratmasinin yaninda gezegenimizin üzerindeki tüm hayati tehdit etmektedir. Birçok bilim adami ve mühendis bu küresel problemlere çözüm olarak su anda kullanilan fosil yakitlarin yerini hidrojen enerjisinin almasi gerektigi konusunda görüs birligi içerisindedir. Hidrojenin yanma ürünlerinin sera etkisi, asit yagmuru ve hava kirliligi gibi etkileri yoktur. Hidrojen yenilenebilir bir enerji kaynagindan üretildigi takdirde degistirilmesi gerekmeyen, kalici bir enerji sistemi olmaktadir. The invention relates to obtaining composite material capable of safe hydrogen storage. PRIOR ART Today, in meeting a large part of the energy need in the world, The fossil fuels used (petroleum, natural gas, coal) are being consumed rapidly. Also this combustion products of fuels, such as the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, acid rain and cause global problems such as air pollution. These problems are very serious. environmental impacts, as well as all life-threatening threats to our planet. is doing. Many scientists and engineers find solutions to these global problems. that the currently used fossil fuels should be replaced by hydrogen energy is in agreement on the issue. Greenhouse effect of combustion products of hydrogen, acid It does not have effects such as rain and air pollution. Hydrogen is a renewable energy A permanent energy system that does not need to be changed if produced from the source is happening.
Hidrojen konusundaki çalismalarin önemlice bir kismi otomotiv sektörünü esas almaktadir. Hidrojen içten yanmali motorlarda yakit olarak kullanilabilmektedir. Ancak hidrojenin gerçek anlamda üstünlügü yakit pillerinde ortaya çikmaktadir. Nitekim hidrojen üretimi ve depolanmasi konusunda son yillarda yogunlasan arastirmalar paralelinde yakit pillerinde de benzer gelistirme çalismalarinin yogunlasmasina sebep olmustur. Otomotiv sektöründe bilinen pek çok firma hidrojen yakit pili esasli kapsamli arastirma programlari baslatmistir. An important part of the work on hydrogen is in the automotive sector. is based. Hydrogen as a fuel in internal combustion engines can be used. However, the real advantage of hydrogen is in fuel cells. is emerging. As a matter of fact, the latest in hydrogen production and storage In parallel with the researches intensifying over the years, similar developments have been made in fuel cells. has led to the intensification of his work. Known in the automotive industry Many companies have started extensive research programs based on hydrogen fuel cells.
Mevcut durumda enerji tasiyicisi olarak hidrojenin kullanimi diger hidrokarbon enerji kaynaklarina oranla yaklasik 9 kat kadar pahali oldugunu göstermektedir. Currently, the use of hydrogen as an energy carrier It shows that it is approximately 9 times more expensive than energy sources.
Dolayisi ile hidrojenin mevcut durumda gerek otomotiv gerekse diger alanlarda yaygin kullanimi ancak bahsedilen gelistirme çalismalarinin sonucuna bagli olacaktir. Therefore, hydrogen is currently used in both automotive and other fields. its widespread use only depends on the results of the mentioned development studies. will be.
Gerek sabit gerekse tasinabilir uygulamalar için hidrojenin etkin ve güvenilir yollarla depolanabilmesi gerekmektedir. Tasinabilir uygulamalarda ilave olarak depolamada hafiflik `Önem kazanmaktadir. Hidrojen gaz veya sivi olarak saf halde tanklarda depolanabilecegi gibi fiziksel olarak nanotüplerde veya kimyasal olarak hidrür seklinde depolanabilmektedir. Hidrojen, metal, alanat ve sodyum bor hidr'L'irbor içeren kimyasal bilesiklerde depolanabilmektedir. Hydrogen can be used in efficient and reliable ways for both stationary and portable applications. must be stored. In addition to portable applications lightness in storage is gaining importance. Hydrogen in pure form as gas or liquid It can be stored in tanks, physically in nanotubes or chemically. It can be stored as hydride. Hydrogen, metal, alanate and sodium boron It can be stored in chemical compounds containing hydr'L'irbor.
Hidrojenin yakit olarak günlük uygulamalarda yayginlasmasindaki en büyük engel hafif olmasi sebebiyle verimli olarak depolanamamasidir. Hidrojen enerjisi ile çalisan yakit hücreli tasinabilir sistemlere istenilen anda, hizda ve miktarda hidrojen üretmek için bor içerikli (NHgßHa, NaBH4, vb.) kimyasal bilesiklerin geleneksel yöntemlerle (gaz, kati, sivi) karsilastirildiginda kullanilmasi avantaj saglamaktadir. The biggest obstacle to the diffusion of hydrogen as a fuel in daily applications Because it is light, it cannot be stored efficiently. with hydrogen energy hydrogen to the fuel cell portable systems working at the desired time, speed and amount. conventional chemical compounds containing boron (NHgßHa, NaBH4, etc.) to produce It provides an advantage when compared to other methods (gas, solid, liquid).
Hidrojenin depolanmis oldugu kati borlu yakittan salinabilmesi için en çok tercih edilen ve öne çikan yöntem hidroliz reaksiyonudur. It is most preferred for being able to be released from solid boron fuel where hydrogen is stored. The most popular and prominent method is the hydrolysis reaction.
Teknigin bilinen durumunda “borlu yakit çözeltisini içeren reaktöre kataliz'or" ya da gerçeklestirilmektedir. Bahsedilen bu yöntemlerde katalizör ve borlu yakit reaktöre ayri ayri beslenerek hidrojen 'üretimi gerçeklestirilmektedir. In the state of the art, "catalyzing the reactor containing boron fuel solution" or is carried out. In these mentioned methods, catalyst and boron fuel are used in the reactor. Hydrogen production is carried out by feeding separately.
Teknigin bilinen durumunda borlu yakit çözeltisinden hidrojen gazi 'L'iretimi gerçeklestirilirken mumlu bir köpük (waxy foam) olusmaktadir. Bu durum malzemenin kabarmasina ve iç hacmin artmasina neden olmaktadir. In the state of the art, hydrogen gas 'L' production from boron fuel solution During the process, a waxy foam is formed. This situation This causes the material to swell and increase the internal volume.
Teknigin bilinen durumunda reaksiyon 'oncesi hidrojen depolama malzemesinin ve katalizör'ün ayri bölmelerde depolanmasi gerekliligi sebebiyle ek maliyetlerlerin ortaya çikmasi sorunu yasanmaktadir. In the state of the art, pre-reaction hydrogen storage material and additional costs due to the need to store the catalyst in separate compartments. there is a problem of emergence.
Sonuç olarak, yukarida bahsedilen tüm sorunlar, ilgili teknik alanda bir yenilik yapmayi zorunlu hale getirmistir. Tarifname kapsaminda bahsedilecek mevcut bulus, ticari uygulamalar ve özellikle tek seferlik katalitik sistemler için yukarida belirtilen sorunlarin çözümünü içeren alternatif uygulamalar ile ilgilidir. As a result, all the above-mentioned problems are a novelty in the relevant technical field. does not make it mandatory. Available to be mentioned within the scope of the specification The invention has been described above for commercial applications and especially for one-off catalytic systems. It is about alternative applications that include the solution of the mentioned problems.
BULUSUN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Mevcut bulus yukarida bahsedilen dezavantajlari ortadan kaldirmak ve ilgili teknik alana yeni avantajlar getirmek üzere, hidrojen depolayabilen bir kompozit malzemesi üretimi ve onun kullanimi ile ilgilidir. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention is designed to eliminate the above mentioned disadvantages and a composite that can store hydrogen to bring new advantages to the field material production and its use.
Bulusun ana amaci, bor-azot içeren kimyasal bilesik ve katalizörün bir arada oldugu bir kompozit malzeme ortaya koymaktir. The main object of the invention is to combine the boron-nitrogen-containing chemical compound and the catalyst. is to reveal a composite material.
Bulusun diger bir amaci, pellet halinde bir bor-azot bilesigi ve katalizör bilesigi içeren bir kompozit malzeme ortaya koymaktir. Another object of the invention is a pelleted boron-nitrogen compound and catalyst compound. to reveal a composite material containing
Bulusun diger bir amaci, depolanan tüm hidrojenin yüksek verimlilik ile salinabildigi/üretilebildigi bir bor-azot bilesigi ve katalizör bilesigi içeren bir kompozit malzeme ortaya koymaktir. Another object of the invention is the high efficiency of all stored hydrogen. a composite containing a boron-nitrogen compound and a catalyst compound from which it can be released/produced to reveal the material.
Bulusun bir diger amaci, tasinabilir uygulamalara pratik ve tek depolama ortami olarak bir bor-azot bilesigi ve katalizör bilesigi içeren bir kompozit malzeme ortaya koymaktir. Another object of the invention is to provide a practical and single storage medium for portable applications. as a composite material containing a boron-nitrogen compound and a catalyst compound. is to put.
SEKILIN KISA AÇIKLAMASI Sekil 1, de farkli kosullar bekletilen kompozit NHgßHg-katalizör pelletlerine ait XRD diyagramlari verilmistir. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE Figure 1 shows the XRD of composite NHgßHg-catalyst pellets kept in different conditions. diagrams are given.
Sekil 2' de farkli çevre kosullarinda bekletilen kompozit pelletlerin DSC egrilerinin yakinlastirilmis görünümü verilmistir. Figure 2 shows the DSC curves of composite pellets kept in different environmental conditions. A zoomed-in view is given.
Sekil 3' de kompozit pelletin hidrojen salinim profilinin görünümü verilmistir. In Figure 3, the view of the hydrogen release profile of the composite pellet is given.
Sekil 4”te kompozit pelletin hidrojen salinim özelliklerinin sifir kinetik modelle uygunlugu ile ilgili diyagram verilmistir. Figure 4 shows the hydrogen release properties of the composite pellet with a zero kinetic model. A diagram of suitability is given.
Sekil 5'te farkli ortam kosullarinda tutan kompozit pelletlerin 1 gün ve 1 hafta süreler ile hidrojen salim profillerinin görünümü verilmistir. In Figure 5, composite pellets holding in different ambient conditions for 1 day and 1 week. The view of the hydrogen release profiles with the durations is given.
Sekil 6'da Farkli ortam kosullarinda tutan kompozit pelletlerin 1 ay ve 2 ay süreler ile hidrojen salim profilleri verilmistir. 1 month and 2 month durations of composite pellets holding in different ambient conditions are shown in Figure 6. and hydrogen release profiles are given.
BULUSUN DETAYLI AÇIKLAMASI Bu detayli açiklamada bulus konusu, yüksek verimlilikte hidrojen üretiminin yapilabildigi, tek depolama sistemi isteyen, yakit pili ve enerji gerektiren sistemlere entegre edilebilen, istenilen anda ve gerekli hizda salinimi gerçeklestirebilen hidrojen depolayabilen bir kompozit malzemesinin eldesi ve kullanilmasi ile ilgili olup, sadece konunun daha iyi anlasilmasina yönelik hiçbir sinirlayici etki olusturmayacak örneklerle açiklanmaktadir. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In this detailed description, the subject of the invention is the production of high efficiency hydrogen. systems that require a single storage system, that require fuel cells and energy that can be integrated, can oscillate at the desired time and at the required speed. on obtaining and using a composite material capable of storing hydrogen and no limiting effect, only for a better understanding of the subject. explained with examples.
Mevcut bulusta ise borlu bilesiklerin ve katalizör bilesiklerinin bir arada bulundugu bir kompozit malzemesinin üretilmesi saglanmaktadir. Bu sayede borlu bilesikler ile kataliz'orün reaktbre ayri ayri konulmasindan kaynaklanan olumsuzluklar giderilmektedir. In the present invention, boron compounds and catalyst compounds are found together. production of a composite material is provided. In this way, with boron compounds Disadvantages arising from placing the catalyst separately into the reactant is resolved.
Bulusta bahsedilen kompozit malzeme, bor içeren bilesik ve katalizür malzemelerinin bir araya getirilmesi ile olusturulmaktadir. The composite material, boron-containing compound and catalyst mentioned in the invention created by combining the materials.
Bulusta bahsedilen bor içeren yakitin/bilesigin, amonyum boran (NHgBH3 seklinde gösterilmektedir) olmasidir. The boron-containing fuel/compound mentioned in the invention is ammonium borane (NHgBH3). is shown).
Bulusta bahsedilen kataliz'orün, belli agirlikça oranlarda kobalt ve bor içeren (Co-B seklinde gösterilmektedir) kataliz'orlerinden birinin olmasidir. The catalyst mentioned in the invention is (Co-B) containing cobalt and boron in certain weight ratios. shown in the figure) is one of the catalysts.
Bulusun esas konusu, tasinabilir veya tasinamayan ticari uygulamalara ve tek seferlik katalitik sistemlere gerektigi zamanda ve istenilen hizda hidrojen üretiminin saglanabilmesi için, hidrojenin yüksek verimlilik ile depolanabilmesini saglayan bor- azot içeren kimyasal bilesigin ve katalizöri'in birlikte bulundugu bir kompozit malzeme 'üretiminin saglanmasidir. The main subject of the invention is portable or non-portable commercial applications and single hydrogen production in one-time catalytic systems when necessary and at the desired speed. boron, which ensures that hydrogen can be stored with high efficiency, a composite containing a nitrogen-containing chemical compound and a catalyst material 'production'.
Bahsedilen kompozit malzeme toz halinde bulunmamaktadir. Mevcut bulusta elde edilen kompozit malzeme toz halden daha hacimli kabul edilebilir formlarda üretilmektedir. Said composite material is not available in powder form. achieved in the present invention The composite material produced is in acceptable forms that are more voluminous than powder. is produced.
Bulusta elde edilen kompozit malzeme tercihen pellet yapisindadir. Bahsedilen pellet kompozit yapi hidrolik presleme sayesinde yapilabilmektedir. The composite material obtained in the invention is preferably in the form of pellets. Said Pellet composite structure can be made by hydraulic pressing.
Bulus ile elde edilen kompozit malzeme, tasinabilir veya tasinamayan ticari uygulamalarda ve tek seferlik katalitik sistemler için gerektigi zamanda ve istenilen hizda hidrojen üretiminin saglanabilmesi için hidroliz reaksiyonu ile hidrojen elde edilmektedir. The composite material obtained by the invention is a commercial, portable or non-transportable material. in applications and for one-time catalytic systems when necessary and desired Hydrogen is obtained by hydrolysis reaction to ensure rapid hydrogen production. is being done.
Mevcut bulusta gerektigi zamanda ve istenilen hizda hidrojen salinimi gerçeklestirmeye olanak saglayan yakit pili hücrelerine ve enerji gerektiren sistemlere entegrasyonu kolay olan NHsßHg kompozit pelletinin uygulamasi 3 ana basamakta ilerlemektedir. Bahsedilen 3 ana basamak a) kompozit NH38H3 pelletlerin hazirlanmasi, b) hazirlanan kompozit NHgBHg pelletlerinden hidroliz yöntemi ile hidrojen üretimi, c) 1 kW, 5 kW ve 20 kW olmak üzere 'üç farkli güçte elektrik 'üretecek yakit pilleri için gerekli olan kompozit pellet ve hidroliz için gerekli olan su miktarlarinin hesaplanmasi seklindedir. Hydrogen release when required and at desired speed in the present invention fuel cell cells and energy-requiring The application of NHsßHg composite pellet, which is easy to integrate into systems, has 3 main progresses step by step. Mentioned 3 main steps a) composite NH38H3 preparation of pellets, b) hydrolysis from prepared composite NHgBHg pellets Production of hydrogen by the method of hydrogen production, c) Three different power outputs as 1 kW, 5 kW and 20 kW. Required for composite pellet and hydrolysis required for fuel cells to generate electricity Calculation of the amount of water available.
Bulus, gerektigi zamanda ve istenilen hizda hidrojen 'üretiminin yapilabildigi, tek depolama ortami gerektiren, yakit pili ve enerji kullanan sistemlere entegre edilebilen bir hidrojen depolama kompozit malzemesinin eldesi olup asagidaki i. Hassas tartilarda belirtilen miktarlarda NH3BH3 ve Co-B bilesenlerinin ii. (i) adiminda elde edilen karisimin basinç makinasi silindirik kaplara aktarilmasi, iii. Karisimdan pellet formunun elde edilmesi adimlarini takip ediyor olmasidir. (i) adiminda bahsedilen NH38H3 kimyasal bilesigi, homojen karisimda agirlikça (i) adiminda NHßBHs kimyasal bilesigi, homojen karisimda agirlikça %70 ila %90 arasinda bir degerde yer almaktadir. (i) adiminda NHgBH3 kimyasal bilesigi, homojen karisimda agirlikça %85 degerinde yer almaktadir. (i) adiminda bahsedilen Co-B katalizörü, 100 ila 500 nm arasinda bir degerde partikül boyutuna sahiptir. Co:B mol orani, 1:1 ila 1:3 arasinda bir degerde olabilir. The invention is a single-use device where hydrogen can be produced when needed and at the desired speed. integrated into fuel cell and energy-using systems that require storage media is the production of a hydrogen storage composite material that can be I. NH3BH3 and Co-B components in the amounts specified in precision scales. ii. The mixture obtained in step (i) is pumped into cylindrical vessels. transfer, iii. Obtaining the pellet form from the mixture that he is following his steps. The chemical compound NH38H3 mentioned in step (i) is by weight in the homogeneous mixture. The chemical compound NHßBHs in step (i) is 70% to 90% by weight in the homogeneous mixture is located somewhere in between. In step (i), the chemical compound NHgBH3 is 85% by weight in the homogeneous mixture. is located. The Co-B catalyst mentioned in step (i) has a value between 100 and 500 nm. has particle size. The Co:B mole ratio can be anywhere from 1:1 to 1:3.
Co-B katalizör'u için tercih edilen Co:B mol orani 1:13 degerindedir. (i) adiminda bahsedilen Co-B katalizör'u, homojen karisim içerisinde agirlikça %5 ila %35 arasinda bir degerde yer almaktadir. (i) adiminda homojen karistirma 30 ve 60 saniye arasinda bir degerde agat havanda gerçeklestirilmektedir. (ii) adiminda ki islem hidrolik pres basinç makinesi ile gerçeklestiriliyor olmaktadir. (iii) adiminda karisimdan pelletlerin elde edilmesi, 30 ila 600 saniye süre ile pres isleminin uygulanmasi ile saglanmaktadir. (iii) adiminda karisimindan pelletlerin elde edilmesi, 50 ila 150 bar basincin uygulanmasi ile saglanmaktadir. (iii) adiminda elde edilen pelletlerin, hidrolik pres makinesinde kullanilan kalibin ölçülerine ve beslenen toz karisimim miktarina göre çaplari ve kalinliklari degisebilmektedir. Tercihen elde edilen pelletlerin kalinliklari, 0,5 ila 3 mm, uzunlugu ise 1 ila 20 mm arasinda bir degerdedir. The preferred mole ratio of Co:B for the Co-B catalyst is 1:13. The Co-B catalyst mentioned in step (i) is 5% by weight in the homogeneous mixture. It has a value between 35% and 35%. Homogeneous mixing in step (i) a value of wood between 30 and 60 seconds carried out in the air. The process in step (ii) is carried out with a hydraulic press pressure machine. In step (iii) to obtain pellets from the mixture, press for 30 to 600 seconds. provided by the application of the process. (iii) to obtain pellets from the mixture at a pressure of 50 to 150 bar. achieved by its implementation. The pellets obtained in step (iii) are used in the hydraulic press machine. their diameters and thicknesses according to their dimensions and the amount of powder mixture fed. can change. Preferably, the thickness of the pellets obtained is 0.5 to 3 mm, its length is between 1 and 20 mm.
Bulusun bir diger amaci bor içeren bilesikler ile katalizörlerinden bir kompozit pellet olusturulmasi ile ilgilidir. Bahsedilen kompozit malzeme, NHSBHa kimyasal bilesigi ve Co-B kataliz'or'L'inden olusmaktadir. Another object of the invention is to produce a composite pellet of boron-containing compounds and their catalysts. related to its creation. Said composite material is the chemical compound NHSBHa and Co-B catalyst.
Bulusun yeniliklerinden biri olan kompozit pelletler sayesinde, hidrojen üretimi için gerekli olan hidrojen depolayici kimyasal bilesik ile kataliz'or'L'in reaktbrlere ayri ayri konmasi engellenmektedir. Thanks to composite pellets, one of the innovations of the invention, for hydrogen production The necessary hydrogen storage chemical compound and the catalyst are added to the reactants separately. landing is prevented.
Bulusun yeniliklerinden biri olan kompozit pelletin sayesinde, toz halinde ve ayri ayri bor-azot bilesigi ile katalizör kullanilmasi engellenmektedir. Thanks to the composite pellet, which is one of the innovations of the invention, it is produced in powder form and separately. The use of catalysts is prevented with a separate boron-nitrogen compound.
Bulusun yeniliklerinden biri olan kompozit pelletin sayesinde, hidrojen 'üretimi yüksek miktarda depolanabilmesi saglanmaktadir. Thanks to the composite pellet, one of the innovations of the invention, hydrogen 'production' It can be stored in large quantities.
Bulusun diger bir basamagi ise ilk basamakta elde edilen kompozit pelletlerin sistemler” için hidrojen üretimidir. Bahsedilen hidrojen 'üretimi, bulusun asil amaci olan kompozit pelletlerin su ile hidroliz olmasi ile saglanmaktadir. Bahsedilen hidroliz islemi asagidaki denklem 1'de verilmektedir. Another step of the invention is the composite pellets obtained in the first step. hydrogen production for “systems”. The aforementioned 'hydrogen' production is the main object of the invention. It is provided by hydrolysis of composite pellets with water. Said hydrolysis process is given in equation 1 below.
Denklem 1. NHsBHg hidrolizi ile Hidrojenin 'üretilmesi Bulusta Önerilen sistem ile örnek numune hazirlanmaktadir. Hazirlanan numunelerin karakterizasyonu, birtakim test metotlari uygulanarak elde edilmektedir. Equation 1. Production of Hydrogen by hydrolysis of NHsBHg A sample sample is prepared with the system proposed in the invention. prepared The characterization of the samples is obtained by applying some test methods. is being done.
Kompozit Pellet Elde Edilmesi Kompozit pellet numunesinin elde edilmesi için NHgBHg agirlikça %80-90 oraninda ve agirlikça %10-20 arasinda bir degerde Co-B katalizör'un'u içeren tozlar bir araya getirilerek homojen karisim olusturulmaktadir. Elde edilen homojen karisimin pellet haline gelebilmesi için hidrolik pres makinesinde 1 ila 2 dakika boyunca 100-150 arasinda bir barda basinç uygulanmaktadir. Obtaining Composite Pellets To obtain the composite pellet sample, NHgBHg is 80-90% by weight. and powders containing 10-20% by weight of Co-B catalyst. homogeneous mixture is formed. Pellet of the homogeneous mixture obtained 100-150 for 1 to 2 minutes in the hydraulic press machine to become pressure is applied in a bar between
Elde edilen pelletlerin, çapi 10 mm; kalinligi ise 1 mm degerlerindedir. The resulting pellets were 10 mm in diameter; its thickness is 1 mm.
Elde edilen pelletler, 22 DC (oda sicakligi), 50 0c: ve 80 0c sicakliklarda bekletilmektedir. Pelletler uygulanan her bir sicaklik degerinde 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay ve 4 ay bekletilmektedir. Daha sonrasinda her bir sicaklik ve farkli sürelerde bekletilen kompozit pelletlere XRD ve DSC analizleri uygulanip, hidroliz reaksiyonlari gerçeklestirilerek yorumlanmaktadlr. The pellets obtained were stored at 22 DC (room temperature), 50 0c: and 80 0c. is on hold. Pellets were applied for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month at each applied temperature. It is kept for 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. Then each temperature and different XRD and DSC analyzes were applied to the composite pellets kept for a period of time and hydrolysis was performed. reactions are performed and interpreted.
XRD Analizleri 22 0Cide bulunan numuneler 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay. 3 ay, 4 ay bekletilerek XRD test metodu uygulanmaktadir. 50 0Cide bulunan numuneler 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay, 4 ay bekletilerek XRD test metodu uygulanmaktadir. 80 OCide bulunan numuneler 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay, 4 ay bekletilerek XRD test metodu uygulanmaktadir. XRD Analysis Samples at 22 0C 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months. XRD with 3 months, 4 months hold test method is used. Samples at 50 0C were kept in XRD for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. test method is used. Samples at 80 OC were kept in XRD for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. test method is used.
Numunelere uygulanan testlerin sonuçlari, XRD diyagramlarl olarak Sekil 1'de gösterilmektedir. The results of the tests applied to the samples are shown in Figure 1 as XRD diagrams. is shown.
Analiz sonuçlari, 22°C 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay ve 4 ay bekletilen pelletlere ait tetragonal fazin varligini ortaya koymaktadir. Analysis results were transferred to pellets kept at 22°C for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months. This reveals the existence of the tetragonal phase.
Analiz sonuçlari, 50°C 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay bekletilen pelletlere ait tetragonal fazin varligini ortaya koymaktadir. Analysis results were obtained from the tetragonal pellets, which were kept at 50°C for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months. reveals the presence of phase.
Analiz sonuçlari, 50°C 3 ay ve 4 ay bekletilen pelletlere ait tetragonal fazin varligini koruyamadigi amorf yapi olusturdugu görülmektedir. Analysis results show the presence of tetragonal phase belonging to the pellets kept at 50°C for 3 months and 4 months. It is seen that it forms an amorphous structure that it cannot protect.
Analiz sonuçlari, 80°C bekletilen pelletlere ait tetragonal fazin varligini koruyamadigi amorf yapi olusturdugu görülmektedir. Analysis results show the presence of tetragonal phase belonging to the pellets kept at 80°C. It is seen that it forms an amorphous structure that it cannot protect.
Elde edilen sonuçlar Tablo 1'de gösterilmektedir. Ayrica test çiktisi sonuçlar Sekil 1”de gösterilmektedir. The results obtained are shown in Table 1. Also test output results Figure 1” is shown.
Zaman Sicaklik, °C 22 50 80 1-g'un + + - 1-hafta + + - 1-ay + + - 2-ay + + - 3-ay +/- - - 4-ay +/- - - Tablo 1. Kompozit Pelletlerde NH3BH3'ün Nitel Kristal Faz Analizi (Sembollerin anlami: " + " cisim merkezli tetragonal amonyum boran yapisi, " +i'- " tetragonal NH3BH3 ve tanimlanamayan yapi ile kombinasyonu, " - " amorf yapiyi gösterir.) DSC Analizleri 22 UCide bulunan numuneler 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay, 4 ay bekletilerek DSC test metodu uygulanmaktadir. 50 ÜCide bulunan numuneler 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay, 4 ay bekletilerek DSC test metodu uygulanmaktadir. 80 0*ilde bulunan numuneler 1 gün, 1 hafta, 1 ay, 2 ay, 3 ay, 4 ay bekletilerek DSC test metodu uygulanmaktadir. Time Temperature, °C 22 50 80 1-g + + - 1-week + + - 1-month + + - 2-months + + - 3-months +/- - - 4-months +/- - - Table 1. Qualitative Crystalline Phase Analysis of NH3BH3 in Composite Pellets (Symbols meaning: " + " body-centered tetragonal ammonium borane structure, " +i'-" tetragonal NH3BH3 and its combination with unidentified structure, " - " indicates amorphous structure.) DSC Analysis Samples in 22 UCs were kept in DSC for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. test method is used. Samples in 50 UC were kept in DSC for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months. test method is used. Samples found in 80 0* provinces were kept for 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months to DSC. test method is used.
Numunelere uygulanan testlerin sonuçlari olarak DSC egrileri Sekil 2'de güsterilmektedir. DSC egrilerinde kompozitin 300 °C”ye kadar isitilmasi esnasinda meydana gelen isi akisi degisimleri incelenmis olup termal davranislari aydinlatilmistir. DSC curves as results of tests applied to samples are shown in Figure 2. is shown. During heating of the composite up to 300 °C in DSC curves The heat flux changes occurring were investigated and their thermal behaviors were evaluated. has been illuminated.
Yeni hazirlanmis kompozit pelletin (bekletilmeyen) ilk endotermik piki (erime reaksiyonu, Te) 11658 “C ve ikinci endotermik piki (hidrojenin isi ile yapidan uzaklasmasi, T1) 123,27 °C olarak belirlenmistir. The first endothermic peak (melting) of the freshly prepared composite pellet (not held) reaction, Te) 11658 “C and the second endothermic peak (with the heat of hydrogen removal, T1) was determined as 123.27 °C.
Numunelerin, DSC egrilerinde de görüldügü üzere 80°C'de 1 gün ile 4 ay arasinda bekletilmesi sonrasi termal davranisini gösteren karakteristik pik sicakliklarinin degistigi gözlemlenmektedir. As seen in the DSC curves of the samples, between 1 day and 4 months at 80°C. of the characteristic peak temperatures showing the thermal behavior after observed to change.
Bekletme kosullari ile degisen karakteristik endotermik pik noktalarinda ki degisimler Tablo 2'de gösterilmektedir. Test çiktisi görüntüler Sekil 2'de gösterilmektedir. 50°C'de 3 ay ile 4 ay ve 80°C'de 1 gün ile 4 ay arasinda tutulan pelletlerin DSC egrilerinde endotermik reaksiyonlar ile ilgili herhangi bir isi akisi degisikligi tespit edilmemistir. At the characteristic endothermic peak points that change with the holding conditions, the changes are shown in Table 2. Test output displays in Figure 2 is shown. DSC of pellets kept for 3 months to 4 months at 50°C and 1 day to 4 months at 80°C No heat flow changes related to endothermic reactions were detected in the curves. has not been made.
Bekletilen pelletler için DSC analiz sonuçlarina göre ilk iki endotermik pik sicakliklarinin 150°C sicaklik altinda oldugu tespit edilmistir. Ozellikle 22°C ve 50°C için 1 gün ile 2 ay kosullarinda tutulan kompozit pelletlerin, erime sicakliklari, bekletilmeyene göre daha düsük degerlere kaymaktadir. Tespit edilen erime noktasindaki bu düsüsler bekletilme sicaklik degerine göre isiyi absorbe etmesi ile açiklanabilir. Bu durum ün termal sartlandirma olarak düsünülüp, hidroliz yöntemi ile hidrojen üretim reaksiyonun baslama süresini düsürdügünden dolayi pozitif bir Tablo 2. Farkli çevre kosullarinda bekletilen NHgßHg kompozit pelletlerin karakteristik pik sicakliklari (Te ve T1) Hidroliz Reaksiyonlarinin Analizi Bulus ile önerilen sistemde elde edilen kompozit pelletlerden, hidrojen 'üretim verimliliginin belirlenmesi için hidroliz reaksiyonlari, 10 ml su içeren kesikli reaktörde 60 °C'de gerçeklestirilmistir. Bununla beraber bekletme kosullarinin hidroliz reaksiyonu üzerine olan etkisinin incelenmesi için bekletilen pelletlerin hidroliz reaksiyonlari ayni kosullar altinda gerçeklestirilmistir. The first two endothermic peaks according to the DSC analysis results for the kept pellets. It has been determined that their temperatures are below 150°C. Especially at 22°C and 50°C Melting temperatures of composite pellets kept for 1 day to 2 months, shifts to lower values than the one that is not kept. Detected melting These decreases at the point are due to the absorption of heat according to the holding temperature value. can be explained. This situation is considered as thermal conditioning and hydrolysis method is used. It is a positive result because hydrogen production reduces the reaction start time. Table 2. NHgßHg composite pellets stored in different environmental conditions characteristic peak temperatures (Te and T1) Analysis of Hydrolysis Reactions Hydrogen 'production' from composite pellets obtained in the system proposed by the invention Hydrolysis reactions to determine the efficiency of the batch containing 10 ml of water carried out in the reactor at 60 °C. However, the holding conditions pellets that were kept in order to examine the effect on the hydrolysis reaction. hydrolysis reactions were carried out under the same conditions.
Hidroliz reaksiyonu sonucu elde edilen hidrojen gazi esit hacimde gaz-su yer degistirme prensibini temel alan hidrojen 'üretim düzeneginde gerçeklestirilmistir. The hydrogen gas obtained as a result of the hydrolysis reaction contains an equal volume of gas-water. It was realized in the hydrogen production mechanism based on the exchange principle.
Ilk önce iki boyunlu silindirik balona pelletler konduktan sonra enjeksiyon yoluyla 10 ml distile su eklenmistir. Uretilen hidrojen gazi zamana bagli olarak kaydedilmis ve hidrojen profilleri çizilmistir. Elde edilen hidrojen 'üretim profilleri tablo 3'te gösterilmektedir. Deney sonuçlari çiktilari Sekil 3'te gösterilmektedir. First, pellets are placed in the two-necked cylindrical balloon, and then 10 by injection. ml of distilled water was added. The hydrogen gas produced was recorded over time and hydrogen profiles are drawn. The resulting hydrogen 'production profiles' are in table 3. is shown. Experiment results outputs are shown in Figure 3.
NH35H3 kompozit pelletlerin kinetik incelemeleri de gerçeklestirilmistir. Hiz sabiti degeri sifir derece reaksiyon kinetik modeli temel alinarak hesaplanmistir (Denklem 2). Olç'ülen hidrojen `üretim hacmi verileri kullanilarak harcanan NH35H3 konsantrasyonu hesaplanmis, zamana karsi grafige geçirilmis ve reaksiyon hizinin reaksiyon konsantrasyonundan bagimsiz oldugu elde edilen dogrunun korelasyon katsayisi dikkate alinarak tespit edilmistir. Kinetic studies of NH35H3 composite pellets were also carried out. rate constant value is calculated based on the zero order reaction kinetic model (Eq. 2). NH35H3 spent using measured hydrogen `production volume' data concentration was calculated, plotted against time, and the reaction rate correlation of the obtained line, which is independent of the reaction concentration coefficient was taken into account.
(CNHSBH-t Denklem 2. Sifirinci derece reaksiyon kinetik modeli CNH35H3 konsantrasyonu (mol/dms), r reaksiyon hizi (m0I/dm3.dk), k hiz sabitidir Deneysel testler sonucunda, kompozit NH3BH3 pelletlerin 22°C'de 1 gün boyunca bekletmesinin, hidrojen üretim karakteristigini etkilemedigi belirlenmistir. (CNHSBH-t Equation 2. Zero-order reaction kinetic model CNH35H3 concentration (mol/dms), r is reaction rate (m0I/dm3.min), k is rate constant As a result of experimental tests, composite NH3BH3 pellets were stored at 22°C for 1 day. It was determined that the holding period did not affect the hydrogen production characteristic.
Hidroliz verimleri degerlendirildiginde, 1 hafta bekletme süresi içinde 22°C ile 50°C arasinda önemli istatistiksel fark belirlenmemistir. When hydrolysis efficiencies are evaluated, 22°C to 50°C within a 1 week holding period. No significant statistical difference was found between them.
Sonuç olarak, 1 ayi asan bekleme sürelerinde kompozit pelletlerin yapisinin bozulmaya basladigi tespit edilmistir. Sekil Site ve Sekil 6'da gösterildigi gibi kompozit pelletlerin muhafaza kosullari optimum 50°C'de 1 gün ve 22°C' de 1 ay olarak belirlenmistir. As a result, the structure of composite pellets in waiting times exceeding 1 month. It has been found that it has started to deteriorate. As shown in Figure Site and Figure 6 Storage conditions of composite pellets are optimum at 50°C for 1 day and at 22°C for 1 month. has not been determined.
Kompozit NHgBHs pelletlerin kullanilacagi ticari uygulamalarda, örnegin hidrojen üretimi için kullanilan yakit kartuslarinin, kullanilmadigi durumlarda 50°C altindaki sicakliklarda tutulmasi ve muhafaza edilmesi gerektigi ayrica haftada bir taze kompozit ile doldurulmasi önerilmektedir. In commercial applications where composite NHgBHs pellets will be used, for example hydrogen The fuel cartridges used for the production of fuel should be kept at temperatures below 50°C when not in use. It also needs to be kept and maintained at temperatures It is recommended to be filled with composite.
Tablo 3'te Bulusta, tasinabilir veya tasinamayan uygulamalarda %40 verimle çalisan düsük (1 kW), orta (5 kW) ve yüksek (20 kW) ölçekli PEM yakit hücreleri için gerekli olan NHgBHs ve katalizör miktarlari belirlenmistir. Table 3 in Invention with 40% efficiency in portable or non-portable applications low (1 kW), medium (5 kW) and high (20 kW) scale PEM fuel cells operating The amounts of NHgBHs and catalysts required for
Bilesenler Düsük 'Olçekli Orta ölçekli Yüksek 'Olçekli 1 kW 5 kW 20 kW miktari (9) Tablo 3. Düsük, orta ve büyük Ölçekli uygulamalar için gereken maksimum girdi miktari Bulusun koruma kapsami ekte verilen istemlerde belirtilmis olup kesinlikle bu detayli anlatimda örnekleme amaciyla anlatilanlarla sinirli tutulamaz. Zira teknikte uzman bir kisinin, bulusun ana temasindan ayrilmadan yukarida anlatilanlar isiginda benzer yapilanmalar ortaya koyabilecegi açiktir.Components Low 'Scale Medium 'High 'Scale 1 kW 5 kW 20 kW amount (9) Table 3. Maximum input required for low, medium and large Scale applications amount The scope of protection of the invention is stated in the appended claims and it is absolutely detailed explanation cannot be limited to what is told for the purpose of illustration. Because in technique what has been described above by a specialist without departing from the main theme of the invention It is clear that similar structuring can occur in the light of this.
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