TR201906497A2 - BROWN RICE BULGUR AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR GLUTEN INTOLERANCE INDIVIDUALS - Google Patents

BROWN RICE BULGUR AND PRODUCTION METHOD FOR GLUTEN INTOLERANCE INDIVIDUALS Download PDF

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TR201906497A2
TR201906497A2 TR2019/06497A TR201906497A TR201906497A2 TR 201906497 A2 TR201906497 A2 TR 201906497A2 TR 2019/06497 A TR2019/06497 A TR 2019/06497A TR 201906497 A TR201906497 A TR 201906497A TR 201906497 A2 TR201906497 A2 TR 201906497A2
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brown rice
rice
bulgur
gluten
individuals
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TR2019/06497A
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Turkish (tr)
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Mutlu Ceren
Candal Ci̇hadi̇ye
Gi̇zem Bi̇lgi̇n Duygun
Koç Andaç
Erbaş Mustafa
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Akdeniz Ueniversitesi
Akdeni̇z Üni̇versi̇tesi̇ Döner Sermaye İşletme Müdürlüğü
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Priority to PCT/TR2020/050359 priority patent/WO2020222720A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10Cereal-derived products
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23LFOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L7/00Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L7/10Cereal-derived products
    • A23L7/196Products in which the original granular shape is maintained, e.g. parboiled rice

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

Buluş, Poaceae familyasına ait gluten içermeyen bir tahıl olan Oryza sativa L.’nin (çeltik) kavuzundan ayrılmasıyla elde edilen esmer pirincin; haşlanması, kurutulması ve öğütülmesi gibi işlemlerden geçirilerek fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip, esmer pirince göre daha kısa sürede pişen ve besin öğelerinin biyoyararlılığı yüksek, mikroorganizmalara karşı daha dayanıklı ve dolayısıyla raf ömrü daha uzun esmer pirinç bulguru haline getirilmesi ile ilgilidir.The invention is based on brown rice obtained by separating the husk of Oryza sativa L. (rice), a gluten-free grain belonging to the Poaceae family; It is about turning brown rice into bulgur, which has functional properties, is cooked in a shorter time compared to brown rice, has high bioavailability of nutrients, is more resistant to microorganisms and therefore has a longer shelf life.

Description

TARIFNAME GLUTEN INTOLERANS BIREYLER IçIN ESMER PIRINÇ BULGURU VE ÜRETIM YÖNTEMI Bulusun ilgili oldugu teknik alan: Bulus, esmer pirincin çesitli islemlerden geçirilmesiyle elde edilen, gluten intolerans bireylerin de kullanabilecegi fonksiyonel gida özelliklerine sahip, kisa sürede pisen, besin ögelerinin biyoyararliligi yüksek yeni bir gida ürünü ve üretim yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Bulus özellikle, Poaceae familyasina ait gluten içermeyen bir tahil olan Oryza sativa L."nin (çeltik) kavuzundan ayrilmasiyla elde edilen esmer pirincin (kepekli pirinç) haslanmasi, kurutulmasi ve ögütülmesi gibi islemlerden geçirilerek; fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip, kisa sürede pisen, besin ögelerinin biyoyararliligi yüksek ve raf ömrü uzun esmer pirinç bulguru haline getirilmesi ile ilgilidir. Teknigin bilinen durumu: Dünya üzerinde üretimi ve tüketimi yapilan baslica tahillar; bugday, misir, çeltik (pirinç), arpa, çavdar, yulaf, sorgum ve dari gibi tek yillik bitkilerdir. Büyük bir kismi nisastadan olusan, ayrica protein, yag, mineral ve vitamin maddelerini de içeren bir gida grubu olan tahillarin, un ve kepek olarak ayrilmadan bir bütün halinde tam tahil olarak tüketilmesi saglikli beslenme açisindan oldukça büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Vücuda enerji veren ve tokluk hissi saglayan tam tahillar dengeli bir sekilde tüketildiginde içerdikleri besinsel lifler nedeniyle; yüksek kilo, seker ve kolestrol gibi rahatsizliklarin olusma riskini azaltarak saglikli bir yasam için birçok olumlu katkida bulunmaktadir. Ancak bugday, arpa, çavdar ve yulaf içerdikleri gluten proteini nedeniyle bu proteine hassasiyet gösteren bireylerde önemli saglik sorunlarina neden olmaktadir. Gluten tüketimi ile bugday alerjisi, çölyak hastaligi ve gluten hassasiyeti olmak üzere üç farkli patolojik durum meydana gelebilmektedir. Glutene bagli bugday alerjisi, toplumun yaklasik %0.2-0.5 kadarini etkileyen ve önemli klinik etkileri olan bir hastaliktir. Çölyak hastaligi otoimmün bir rahatsizlik olup, toplumun yaklasik %O.1-1.6 kadarinin bu rahatsizliga sahip oldugu bildirilmistir. Bu hastaliga sahip kisiler tarafindan bugday, çavdar, arpa ve bazi yulaf çesitleri tüketildiginde çesitli saglik sorunlari ortaya çikabilmektedir. Gluten hassasiyeti ise bugday alerjisi ve çölyaktan farkli olan ve son yillarda kesfedilen patolojik bir durumdur. Günümüze kadar belirtilen gluten kaynakli alerji ve intoleranslari tasiyan bireylerde bu etkilerin önlenmesi ve/veya azaltilmasinda en etkili tedavi yöntemi gluten içermeyen güvenli ve besleyici olarak dengeli gidalar tüketilmesidir. Bu amaçla un ve unlu mamuller, soslar, pizzalar, seker suruplari ve sekerlemeler olmak üzere birçok glutensiz gida gelistirilmistir. Temizlenmis bugdayin birkaç kati su ile pisirildikten sonra kurutulmasi, taneye %3 kadar su verilerek yapilan 10 dakikalik bir tavlama sonrasi tane kabugunun kismen soyulmasi, kismen soyulan tanenin ögütülmesi ve ögütülmüs ürünün siniflandirilmasiyla elde edilen bulgur, yari pisirilmis geleneksel bir gidadir. Bulgur; yag orani düsük, lif orani yüksek, potasyum, magnezyum ve demir gibi mineraller açisindan zengin, tiamin, pantotenik asit ve pridoksin vitaminlerini fazlaca içeren bir üründür. Ayrica protein miktari diger tahillara oranla fazladir, bu sebeple iyi bir bitkisel protein kaynagidir. Içerigindeki diyet lifi sayesinde sindirimi ve bosaltimi rahatlatmakta, glisemik indeksi düsük oldugu için ise uzun süre tokluk saglamaktadir. Besin bilesenlerince oldukça zengin ve saglikli bir fonksiyonel gida olan bulgur, gluten içerdigi için ise gluten hassasiyeti olan bireyler tarafindan tüketilememektedir. Esmer pirinç ise gluten içermedigi için glutene hassasiyeti olan bireyler tarafindan da rahatlikla tüketilebilir bir gidadir. Kavuzundan ayrilan ancak kepegi tane üstünde birakilarak elde edilen esmer pirinç, tüketimi yapilan pirinçler arasinda en az islem görmüs pirinçtir. Bu yönüyle de insan sagligini destekleyen birçok özelligi bulunmaktadir. Bu pirinç, çeltigin dis kisminda bulunan kavuzun (kabuk) soyulup kepekli kisminin korunmasi ile elde edilmektedir. Bu nedenle, esmer pirince kepekli pirinç veya kahverengi pirinç de denilmektedir. Kepek kismi korunmus pirinç tanesi; ayni zamanda embriyo (germ, ruseym) ve tüm endosperm tabakalarini da içerdigi için tam bir tahildir. Ancak beyaz pirinç üretiminde, kepek ve embriyo kisimlari da taneden uzaklastirildigi için beyaz pirinç yalnizca endosperm tabakasindan olusmakta ve bu tabakanin tamamen cilalanmasiyla, pirince özgü beyaz renk elde edilmektedir. Bu durum sonucunda bazi organik asitler, fenolik bilesikler ve esansiyel ve esansiyel olmayan yag asitleri ve amino asitler gibi besin bilesenlerinin miktarlarinda kayiplar meydana gelmekte ve dolayisiyla ürünün besleyici degeri büyük ölçüde kaybedilmektedir. Ayrica antioksidan aktivitede de yaklasik yari yariya bir düsüs olmaktadir (Tablo 1 ve 2). Esmer pirinç; sahip oldugu kepek, embriyo ve endosperm tabakalari nedeniyle bir tam tahildir ve bu tabakalar sayesinde beyaz pirince göre fosfor ve mangani iki kat, demiri iki buçuk kat, Ba vitaminini (niasin) üç kat, Bi vitaminini (tiamin) dört kat ve Be vitaminini (pridoksin) ise on kat daha fazla içermektedir. Tablo 1. Beyaz pirinç ve esmer pirincin esansiyel ve esansiyel olmayan serbest amino asit miktarlari (mg/g) (Arslan vd. 2016) Ürün Lisin Glutamik asit Aspartik asit Alanin Asparajin T.E.: Tespit Edilemedi Tablo 2. Beyaz pirinç ve esmer pirincin bazi özellikleri ve besin bilesenlerindeki degisimler (Arslan vd. 2016) Fenolik asitler (mg/kg) Antioksidan .. .. Kül Sitrik asit . _ Beyazlik Urun o aktivite (uM Ferulik asit Kumarik asit (/°) (mg/kg) (0400) Yukarida detayi verilen çeltigin dis kisminda bulunan kavuzun ayrilmasi sonucunda elde edilen esmer pirinç, bir kismi Tablo 1 ve 2'de verilen önemli bazi besin ögelerini daha fazla miktarda içeren kepek ve embriyo kisimlarini üzerinde bulundurmasi ve içerdigi yüksek miktardaki besinsel lif sayesinde beslenme bakimindan beyaz pirince göre oldukça üstündür. Ayrica esmer pirincin gluten içermemesi nedeniyle gluten hassasiyeti olan bireyler için daha saglikli bir alternatif olusturmasi da bugdaydan üretilen bulgura kiyasla daha avantajli olmasini saglamaktadir. Ancak esmer pirinç bu avantajlarina ragmen sert dokusu ve uzun pisme süresi nedenleriyle toplum tarafindan tercih edilmemekte ve oldukça sinirli bir tüketime sahiptir. Sonuç olarak, bugdaydan Üretilen bulgurun iyi bir gida olmasina ragmen gluten içerdigi için gluten intolerans bireyler tarafindan tüketilememesi ve yine iyi bir gida olan esmer pirincin sert dokusu ve uzun pisme süresi dolayisiyla tüketiciler tarafindan tercih edilmemesi nedenleriyle ilgili teknik alanda bir gelistirme yapilmasi zorunlulugu ortaya çikmistir. Bulusun kisa açiklamasi ve amaci; Söz konusu bulus; esmer pirincin çesitli islemlerden geçirilmesiyle elde edilen, fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip, kisa sürede pisen, besin ögelerinin biyoyararliligi yüksek yeni bir gida ürünü olarak esmer pirinç bulguru ve bunun üretim yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Bulus ile; üretim yönteminden kaynakli olarak çesitli avantajlara sahip olan bulgurun elde edilmesinde kullanilan teknigin, tahil türlerinden biri olan ve gluten içermeyen esmer pirinç için de uygulanmasiyla pisme süresi uzun oldugu için tüketiciler tarafindan tercih edilmeyen esmer pirinçten, bugday ürünleri tüketimine karsi gluten intolerans ve çölyak hastaligi gibi çesitli rahatsizliklari olan bireyler tarafindan da tüketilebilen alternatif yeni bir gida olarak esmer pirinç bulguru üretilmesi saglanacaktir. Bulus esmer pirinçten üretilen bir gida olup, en önemli avantajlari; bugdaydan üretilen bulgura göre gluten içermemesi, esmer pirince göre daha kisa sürede pisebilmesi ve beyaz pirince göre ise diyet lif, mineral, vitamin ve y-oryzanol gibi fonksiyonel gida bilesenlerince zengin ve yeni bir gida ürünü olmasidir. Bulusa konu esmer pirinç bulgurunun, gluten içermemesi nedeniyle gluten hassasiyetine sahip bireyler tarafindan da tüketilebilecek bir gida olmasi bulusun en önemli avantajidir. Pisirme ile esmer pirincin nisastasinda meydana gelen jelatinizasyon sonrasi materyalin kurutulmasiyla gerçeklesen retrogradasyon ile nisastanin yeniden kristalize olarak sindirim enzimlerine dirençli bir hal almasi ve bunun sonucunda meydana gelen enzime dirençli nisastanin besinsel lif gibi davranarak esmer pirinç bulgurunun sagliga yararini arttirmasi da bulusun diger önemli bir avantajidir. Bulusun bir diger önemli avantaji da, dogal yapisi geregi depolanmaya ve küflenmeye karsi dayanimi düsük olan esmer pirincin, esmer pirinç bulguruna dönüstürülerek olusabilecek küfler, mantarlar ve bakteriler gibi mikroorganizma faaliyetlerine karsi depolanmaya dayanikli ve raf ömrü uzun fonksiyonel bir gida elde edilmesidir. Pisirme islemi sirasinda tanenin kepek ve embriyo kisminda bulunan besin maddeleri tanenin endosperm tabakasi içerisine nüfuz ettiginden besin degeri ve biyoyararliligi diger ürünlerden (esmer pirinç, beyaz pirinç, parlatilmis beyaz pirinç) daha yüksek, fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip yeni bir gida olarak elde edilmesi bulusun önemli bir diger avantajidir. Bulusa konu esmer pirinç bulgurunun, tam tahil formunda olmasi ve içerdigi yüksek orandaki besinsel lif sayesinde açlik hissini bastirip uzun süre tokluk hissi saglayarak obezitenin kontrolünde etkin rol oynamasi, probiyotik bakterilerin gelisimini tesvik eden prebiyotiklerce zengin olmasi ve düsük glisemik indekse sahip olmasi gibi nedenlerle diyabet hastalari için de tercih edilebilir bir gida olmasi bulusun önemli diger avantajlaridir. Yukarida belirtilen nedenlerle bu bulus ile; gluten intolerans bireylerin de tüketebilecegi biyoaktif besin bilesenlerince zengin, prebiyotik etkiye sahip, glisemik indeks degeri düsük ve kisa sürede pisebilen bir gida gelistirilmesi amaçlanmistir. Bulusun açiklamasi: Bulus özellikle, Poaceae familyasina ait gluten içermeyen bir tahil olan Oryza sativa LInin (çeltik) kavuzundan ayrilmasiyla elde edilen esmer pirincin; haslanmasi, kurutulmasi ve ögütülmesi gibi islemlerden geçirilerek fonksiyonel özelliklere sahip, esmer pirince göre daha kisa sürede pisen ve besin ögelerinin biyoyararliligi yüksek, mikroorganizmalara karsi daha dayanikli ve dolayisiyla raf ömrü daha uzun esmer pirinç bulguru haline getirilmesi ile ilgilidir. Esmer pirinç yapisinda antioksidan degeri yüksek Iignanlar, fitoöstrojenler ve fenolik bilesenler içermektedir. Yapisinda kepek tabakasini da bulundurmasi sebebiyle esmer pirinç, beyaz pirince göre yüksek miktarda v-oryzanol, tiamin, niasin, riboflavin, fosfor, potasyum, magnezyum, demir, mangan ve selenyum gibi önemli besin maddelerini içermektedir. Tanenin embriyo bölümü; protein, lipitler, B grubu vitaminleri ve mineraller, endosperm bölümü ise; çesitli proteinler ve karbonhidratlar bakimindan zengindir. Bu üç bölümden olusan esmer pirinç, beyaz pirince göre hem daha çesitli hem de daha yüksek miktarda besin maddeleri içeren fonksiyonel bir gidadir. Bulusa konu gida ve bunun üretim yöntemi; i. Gluten içermedigi için gluten intolerans bireylerin de tüketebilecegi esmer pirincin, kirik ve kavuzlu tanelerinden arindirilarak temizlenmesi, ii. Temizlenen esmer pirinçlerin, esmer pirinç miktarinin 1-5 kati kadar su ilave edilerek, nisastasi tamamen jelatinize olana kadar haslanmasi, iii. Haslanmis tanelerin nem orani %12'den düsük olacak sekilde 25-100°C sicaklikta kurutulmasi, iv. Kurutulmus tanelerin 0.5 ila 3.5 mm arasinda farkli partikül büyüklüklerine sahip olacak sekilde ögütülmesi v. Ögütülmüs materyalin partikül boyutuna göre elenerek siniflandirilmasi islem basamaklarini içermektedir. Pisirme yöntemi, pisirme derecesi, pisirmede kullanilan suyun hacmi ve çig gidalardaki baslangiç nem içerigi gida içerisinde bulunan nisastanin jelatinize olma ve gidada bulunan besin ögelerinin tane içerisine homojen olarak dagilma ölçüsünü belirlemekte ve bu da dogrudan gidanin sindirilebilirligi ve biyoyarayisliligini etkilemektedir. Bulusa konu esmer pirinç bulguru üretimi için uygulanan islem basamaklarinda; üretim yöntemi, su hacmi, pisirme sicakligi, son ürün nem orani ve partikül büyüklügü esmer pirinç bulgurunun standardizasyonunun saglanmasi açisindan önem arz etmektedir. Bulusa konu üretim yöntemi ile esmer pirincin suda haslanmasi sirasinda tane içerisinde bulunan nisasta granüllerindeki amiloz molekülleri granül disina çikarak üç boyutlu bir ag yapi meydana getirmekte ve suyun bu ag yapi içerisinde hapsolmasiyla tane içerisinde jelatinizasyon gerçeklesmektedir. Bu esnada suda çözünmüs olan besin ögeleri tanenin iç kismina dogru nüfuz etmekte ve tane içerisine olabildigince homojen olarak dagilmaktadir. Jelatinizasyon islemi sonrasinda yapilan kurutma asamasinda gerçeklesen retrogradasyon ile ise bu nisasta yapisi hapsettigi suyu kaybetmekte ve yeniden kristalize olarak sindirim enzimlerine karsi dirençli olan Tip 3 enzime dirençli nisastayi olusturmaktadir. Elde edilen enzime dirençli nisasta, besinsel lif ve prebiyotik gibi davranmasi nedeniyle esmer pirinç bulgurunun sagliga daha faydali bir hale gelmesini saglamaktadir. Bu sebeple yukarida belirtilen islem basamaklarina göre, pisirme ile esmer pirincin nisastasinda meydana gelen jelatinizasyon sonrasi, materyalin kurutulmasiyla gerçeklesen retrogradasyon ile nisastanin yeniden kristalize olarak sindirim enzimlerine dirençli bir hal almasi ve bunun sonucunda meydana gelen enzime dirençli nisastanin besinsel lif ve prebiyotik gibi davranarak esmer pirinç bulgurunun sagliga daha yararli hale gelmesini saglamaktadir. Retrogradasyon ile birlikte üründeki dirençli nisasta içeriginin artmasi elde edilen ürünün glisemik indeks degerinin azalmasini saglamaktadir. Laboratuvar çalismasi ile esmer pirincin beyaz pirince göre glisemik indeksinin oldukça düsük oldugu tespit edilmistir (Tablo 3). Düsük glisemik indeks, karbonhidratlarin sindirimi ve dolayisiyla glikoz emilim oranindaki azalmanin bir ölçüsü oldugu için glisemik kontrolün saglanmasi, insülin ihtiyacinin azalmasi, uzun süreli tokluk hissinin saglanmasi ve diyabetin kontrol altina alinmasi bakimindan büyük öneme sahiptir. Buna ek olarak ise bulusa konu esmer pirinç bulgurunun; bulgur üretimi için gerekli pisirme ve kurutma sonrasi ögütülmesi nedenleriyle, ön pisirilmis ve partikül büyüklügü azaltilmis oldugundan tüketim amaciyla tekrar pisirildiginde esmer pirince göre daha kolay pisebilen bir hale gelmesi saglanmaktadir. Tablo 3. Beyaz pirinç ve esmer pirincin glisemik indeks degerleri Ürün Glisemik indeks Esmer Pirinç 45.41* Beyaz Pirinç 83-139** * Yayinlanmamis laboratuvar çalismasi sonucu (Pismemis Baldo esmer pirinç için) ** Literatür verisi (Pismis orta taneli pirinç ve pismis düsük amilozlu Türkiye orijinli pirinç Bulus ile, esmer pirince göre daha kisa sürede pisebilen, besin ögelerinin biyoyararliligi yüksek, raf ömrü uzun ve beyaz pirince göre ise diyet lif, mineral, vitamin ve y-oryzanol gibi fonksiyonel gida bilesenlerince daha zengin ve gluten intolerans rahatsizligina sahip bireyler tarafindan da tüketilebilir fonksiyonel bir gida ürünü elde edilmektedir. Pisirme islemi sirasinda tanenin kepek ve embriyo kisminda bulunan besin maddeleri tanenin endosperm tabakasi içerisine nüfuz ettiginden besin degeri ve biyoyarariiiigi diger ürünlerden (esmer pirinç, beyaz pirinç, pariatiimis beyaz pirinç) daha yüksek bir gida ürünü elde edilmektedir. Ek olarak, pisme suyunda çözünen vitamin ve mineral gibi besin maddelerinin tane içerisine dogru difüze olmasiyla bu maddelerin kaybi da engellenmektedir. TR TR DESCRIPTION BROWN RICE BULGUR FOR GLUTEN INTOLERANCE INDIVIDUALS AND ITS PRODUCTION METHOD Technical field to which the invention relates: The invention is a new food product obtained by going through various processes of brown rice, has functional food properties that can be used by gluten intolerant individuals, cooks in a short time, and has high bioavailability of nutrients. It is related to the production method. In particular, the invention is made by going through processes such as boiling, drying and grinding brown rice (whole wheat rice), which is obtained by separating the husk of Oryza sativa L. (paddy), a gluten-free grain belonging to the Poaceae family, and has functional properties, cooks in a short time, and improves the bioavailability of nutrients. Known state of the technique: The main grains produced and consumed in the world are annual crops such as wheat, corn, paddy (rice), barley, rye, oats, sorghum and millet. Consuming grains, which are a food group that partly consists of starch but also contains protein, fat, minerals and vitamins, as a whole, without being separated into flour and bran, is of great importance in terms of healthy nutrition, which gives energy to the body and provides a feeling of satiety. When consumed in a balanced way, whole grains make many positive contributions to a healthy life by reducing the risk of diseases such as high weight, sugar and cholesterol, due to the nutritional fiber they contain. However, wheat, barley, rye and oats cause serious health problems in individuals who are sensitive to this protein due to the gluten protein they contain. Three different pathological conditions can occur with gluten consumption: wheat allergy, celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Gluten-related wheat allergy is a disease that affects approximately 0.2-0.5% of the population and has significant clinical effects. Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder, and it has been reported that approximately 0.1-1.6% of the population has this disorder. Various health problems may occur when wheat, rye, barley and some oat varieties are consumed by people with this disease. Gluten sensitivity is a pathological condition that is different from wheat allergy and celiac disease and has been discovered in recent years. The most effective treatment method to prevent and/or reduce these effects in individuals with gluten-related allergies and intolerances mentioned so far is to consume safe and nutritionally balanced foods that do not contain gluten. For this purpose, many gluten-free foods have been developed, including flour and bakery products, sauces, pizzas, sugar syrups and candies. Bulgur, which is obtained by drying the cleaned wheat after cooking with a few times more water, partially peeling the grain shell after a 10-minute tempering by adding 3% water to the grain, grinding the partially peeled grain and classifying the ground product, is a semi-cooked traditional food. Bulgur wheat; It is a product that is low in fat, high in fiber, rich in minerals such as potassium, magnesium and iron, and contains high amounts of vitamins thiamine, pantothenic acid and pyridoxine. In addition, its protein amount is higher than other grains, so it is a good source of vegetable protein. Thanks to the dietary fiber it contains, it eases digestion and excretion, and since its glycemic index is low, it ensures satiety for a long time. Bulgur, which is a healthy functional food rich in nutritional components, cannot be consumed by individuals with gluten sensitivity because it contains gluten. Since brown rice does not contain gluten, it can be easily consumed by individuals with gluten sensitivity. Brown rice, which is obtained by removing the husk but leaving the bran on the grain, is the least processed rice among the consumed rice. In this respect, it has many features that support human health. This rice is obtained by peeling the husk (husk) on the outer part of the rice and preserving the bran part. For this reason, brown rice is also called whole wheat rice or brown rice. Rice grain with preserved bran; It is a complete grain as it also contains the embryo (germ, germ) and all endosperm layers. However, in the production of white rice, since the bran and embryo parts are removed from the grain, white rice consists of only the endosperm layer, and by completely polishing this layer, the unique white color of rice is obtained. As a result of this situation, losses occur in the amounts of nutritional components such as some organic acids, phenolic compounds, essential and non-essential fatty acids and amino acids, and therefore the nutritional value of the product is largely lost. There is also a decrease of approximately half in antioxidant activity (Tables 1 and 2). Brown rice; It is a whole grain due to the bran, embryo and endosperm layers it has, and thanks to these layers, it contains twice the phosphorus and manganese, two and a half times the iron, three times the vitamin Ba (niacin), four times the vitamin Bi (thiamine) and vitamin Be (pyridoxine) compared to white rice. ) contains ten times more. Table 1. Essential and non-essential free amino acid amounts of white rice and brown rice (mg/g) (Arslan et al. 2016) Product Lysine Glutamic acid Aspartic acid Alanine Asparagine T.E.: Not Detected Table 2. Some properties of white rice and brown rice and Changes in nutritional components (Arslan et al. 2016) Phenolic acids (mg/kg) Antioxidant .. .. Ash Citric acid. _ Whiteness Product o activity (uM Ferulic acid Coumaric acid (/°) (mg/kg) (0400) Brown rice, obtained as a result of separating the husk on the outer part of the rice detailed above, contains some important nutrients, some of which are given in Tables 1 and 2. It is nutritionally superior to white rice due to the fact that it contains bran and embryo parts, which contain higher amounts of the elements, and the high amount of nutritional fiber it contains. Moreover, since brown rice does not contain gluten, it is a healthier alternative for individuals with gluten sensitivity, making it more advantageous compared to bulgur produced from wheat. However, despite these advantages, brown rice is not preferred by the society due to its hard texture and long cooking time and has a very limited consumption. As a result, although bulgur produced from wheat is a good food, it cannot be consumed by gluten intolerant individuals because it contains gluten. Brown rice is not preferred by consumers due to its hard texture and long cooking time, so a technical improvement has emerged. Brief description and purpose of the invention; The invention in question; It is about brown rice bulgur and its production method, as a new food product that is obtained by going through various processes of brown rice, has functional properties, cooks in a short time, and has high bioavailability of nutrients. With the invention; By applying the technique used to obtain bulgur, which has various advantages due to its production method, to brown rice, which is one of the grain types and does not contain gluten, brown rice, which is not preferred by consumers due to its long cooking time, has been used to prevent various disorders such as gluten intolerance and celiac disease against the consumption of wheat products. Brown rice bulgur will be produced as a new alternative food that can be consumed by individuals with disabilities. Bulus is a food produced from brown rice and its most important advantages are; Compared to bulgur produced from wheat, it does not contain gluten, it can be cooked in a shorter time than brown rice, and it is a new food product rich in functional food components such as dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins and y-oryzanol compared to white rice. The most important advantage of the invention is that the brown rice bulgur, which is the subject of the invention, is a food that can be consumed by individuals with gluten sensitivity since it does not contain gluten. Another important advantage of the invention is that the starch recrystallizes and becomes resistant to digestive enzymes by retrogradation, which occurs by drying the material after gelatinization that occurs in the starch of brown rice by cooking, and that the resulting enzyme-resistant starch acts as a nutritional fiber and increases the health benefits of brown rice bulgur. Another important advantage of the invention is that brown rice, which has low resistance to storage and mold growth due to its natural structure, can be converted into brown rice bulgur to obtain a functional food that is resistant to storage and has a long shelf life against microorganism activities such as moulds, fungi and bacteria. Another important aspect of the invention is that the nutrients found in the bran and embryo parts of the grain penetrate into the endosperm layer of the grain during the cooking process, thus obtaining a new food with functional properties that has higher nutritional value and bioavailability than other products (brown rice, white rice, polished white rice). It is an advantage. The brown rice bulgur, which is the subject of the invention, is in whole grain form and plays an active role in controlling obesity by suppressing the feeling of hunger and providing a feeling of fullness for a long time thanks to the high amount of nutritional fiber it contains, is rich in prebiotics that encourage the development of probiotic bacteria, and has a low glycemic index. Another important advantage of the invention is that it is a preferable food. For the reasons stated above, with this invention; It is aimed to develop a food that is rich in bioactive nutritional components, has a prebiotic effect, has a low glycemic index value and can be cooked in a short time, that individuals with gluten intolerance can consume. Description of the invention: The invention specifically relates to brown rice obtained by separating the husk of Oryza sativa LI (paddy), a gluten-free grain belonging to the Poaceae family; It is about turning brown rice bulgur, which has functional properties, cooks in a shorter time than brown rice, has higher bioavailability of nutrients, is more resistant to microorganisms and therefore has a longer shelf life, by going through processes such as boiling, drying and grinding. Brown rice contains lignans, phytoestrogens and phenolic compounds with high antioxidant value. Because it also contains a bran layer in its structure, brown rice contains high amounts of important nutrients such as v-oryzanol, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, iron, manganese and selenium compared to white rice. Embryo part of the grain; Protein, lipids, B group vitamins and minerals, endosperm section; It is rich in various proteins and carbohydrates. Consisting of these three parts, brown rice is a functional food that contains both more variety and higher amounts of nutrients than white rice. The food subject to the invention and its production method; I. Cleaning brown rice, which can be consumed by individuals with gluten intolerance as it does not contain gluten, by removing broken and hulled grains, ii. Boiling the cleaned brown rice by adding water 1-5 times the amount of brown rice until its starch is completely gelatinized, iii. Drying the boiled grains at a temperature of 25-100°C so that the moisture content is lower than 12%, iv. Grinding dried grains to have different particle sizes between 0.5 and 3.5 mm v. It includes the process steps of sieving and classifying the ground material according to particle size. The cooking method, the degree of cooking, the volume of water used in cooking and the initial moisture content of raw foods determine the extent to which the starch in the food gelatinizes and the nutrients in the food are distributed homogeneously within the grain, and this directly affects the digestibility and bioavailability of the food. In the process steps applied for the production of brown rice bulgur, which is the subject of the invention; Production method, water volume, cooking temperature, final product moisture content and particle size are important in ensuring the standardization of brown rice bulgur. With the production method subject to the invention, during the boiling of brown rice in water, the amylose molecules in the starch granules in the grain come out of the granule and form a three-dimensional network structure, and gelatinization occurs within the grain as water is trapped in this network structure. Meanwhile, the nutrients dissolved in water penetrate into the interior of the grain and are distributed within the grain as homogeneously as possible. With the retrogradation that occurs during the drying phase after the gelatinization process, this starch structure loses the water it has trapped and recrystallizes, forming Type 3 enzyme-resistant starch, which is resistant to digestive enzymes. The resulting enzyme-resistant starch makes brown rice bulgur more beneficial to health because it acts as a nutritional fiber and prebiotic. For this reason, according to the process steps mentioned above, after the gelatinization that occurs in the starch of brown rice by cooking, the retrogradation that occurs by drying the material, the starch recrystallizes and becomes resistant to digestive enzymes, and the resulting enzyme-resistant starch acts as a nutritional fiber and prebiotic, making brown rice bulgur. It makes it more beneficial to health. The increase in the resistant starch content in the product along with retrogradation causes the glycemic index value of the resulting product to decrease. Laboratory studies have shown that brown rice has a much lower glycemic index than white rice (Table 3). Since low glycemic index is a measure of the decrease in the digestion of carbohydrates and therefore the rate of glucose absorption, it is of great importance in terms of ensuring glycemic control, reducing the need for insulin, ensuring a long-term feeling of satiety and controlling diabetes. In addition, the brown rice bulgur that is the subject of the invention; Due to the grinding required for bulgur production after cooking and drying, it is precooked and its particle size is reduced, making it easier to cook than brown rice when cooked again for consumption. Table 3. Glycemic index values of white rice and brown rice Product Glycemic index Brown Rice 45.41* White Rice 83-139** * Unpublished laboratory study result (for Uncooked Baldo brown rice) ** Literature data (Cooked medium grain rice and cooked low amylose With the invention of Turkish origin rice, it can be cooked in a shorter time than brown rice, has a higher bioavailability of nutrients, has a longer shelf life and is richer in functional food components such as dietary fiber, minerals, vitamins and y-oryzanol compared to white rice, and can be consumed by individuals with gluten intolerance. A consumable functional food product is obtained as the nutrients found in the bran and embryo part of the grain penetrate into the endosperm layer of the grain during the cooking process, resulting in a food product with higher nutritional value and bioavailability than other products (brown rice, white rice, polished white rice). In addition, the loss of nutrients such as vitamins and minerals dissolved in the drinking water is prevented by diffusion into the grain. TR TR

Claims (1)

ISTEMLER Bulus, bugdaydan üretilen bulgura göre gluten içermeyen, esmer pirince göre daha kisa sürede pisen, besin ögelerinin biyoyararliligi yüksek, mikroorganizmalara karsi daha dayanikli ve raf ömrü daha uzun ve beyaz pirince göre ise biyoaktif besin maddelerince zengin esmer pirinçten üretilen yeni bir gida ürünü olup özelligi; i. Gluten içermedigi için gluten intolerans bireylerin de tüketebilecegi esmer pirincin, kirik ve kavuzlu tanelerinden arindirilarak temizlenmesi, ii. Temizlenen esmer pirinçlerin, esmer pirinç miktarininREQUIREMENTS ; I. Cleaning brown rice, which can be consumed by individuals with gluten intolerance as it does not contain gluten, by removing cracked and flaked grains, ii. The amount of cleaned brown rice, brown rice 1-5 kati kadar su ilave edilerek, nisastasi tamamen jelatinize olana kadar haslanmasi, iii. Haslanmis tanelerin nem orani %12'den düsük olacak sekilde kurutulmasi, iv. Kurutulmus tanelerin 0.5 ila 3.5 mm arasinda farkli partikül büyüklüklerinde ögütülmesi, v. Ögütülmüs materyalin partikül boyutlarina göre elenerek siniflandirilmasi islem adimlarini içermesidir.Boiling by adding 1-5 times of water until the starch is completely gelatinized, iii. Drying the boiled grains with a moisture content of less than 12%, iv. Grinding the dried grains in different particle sizes between 0.5 and 3.5 mm, v. It includes the process steps of sifting and classifying the milled material according to particle sizes.
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