TR201815404A2

TR201815404A2 - Production of Leather from Atlantic Salmon

Info

Publication number: TR201815404A2
Application number: TR2018/15404A
Authority: TR
Inventors: Akyüz Fazli; Güneysulu Timur
Original assignee: Timur Gueneysulu
Priority date: 2018-10-17
Filing date: 2018-10-17
Publication date: 2018-11-21

Abstract

Atlantik Somon (Salmo Salar) balıklarının derilerinin krom ve bitkisel sepileme aşamasıyla +3 değerlikli bazik krom sülfat ve bitkisel esaslı tanenler kullanılarak balık derisi isleme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Buluş konusu yöntem, somon ve somon ile benzer türdeki balıklara uygulanabilir bir yöntemdir.Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) is related to the chrome and vegetable tanning process of the skins of fish, using +3 valued basic chromium sulphate and vegetable skin tannins. The method according to the invention is applicable to salmon and salmon-like fish.

Description

TARIFNAME ATLANTIK SOMON BALIGI DERILERINDEN MAMUL DERI ÜRETIMI Bulusun Ilgili Oldugu Teknik Alan Bu bulus, Atlantik Somon baliklarindan elde edilen derilerin krom ve bitkisel sepileme yöntemleriyle +3 degerlikli bazik krom sülfat ve bitkisel esasli maddeler kullanilarak balik derisi isleme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Önceki Teknik Deri isleme sanayi hayvan ham derilerinin ardisik bir dizi kimyasal ve mekanik islemlerle islenerek bozulmaz hale getirilmesi ve ticari olarak kullanilabilecek yapisal, dokusal ve görsel özellikler kazandirilmak suretiyle daha saglam, sicak suya dayanikli, bozulmaz ve dis etkenlerle kolaylikla bozulamayacak bir hale dönüstürülmesini saglar. DESCRIPTION LEATHER MANUFACTURING FROM ATLANTIK SALMON SKIN Technical Field of the Invention This invention is based on the chrome and vegetable tanning of skins from Atlantic Salmon. fish by using +3 valence basic chromium sulfate and plant-based substances. It is related to the leather processing method. Prior Art The leather processing industry processes animal raw hides through a series of sequential chemical and mechanical processes. Structural, textural and visual materials that can be used commercially more robust, resistant to hot water, incorruptible and external It allows it to be transformed into a state that cannot be easily spoiled by factors.

Deri isleme dört ana asamada (sepileme öncesi islemler; sepileme asamasi; yas bitim islemleri ve kuru bitim islemleri ya da finisaj) ve bu asamalarin kapsadigi farkli islem basamaklarindan olusur. Sepileme öncesi islemlerde deriler yapilarinda dogal olarak bulunan bazi proteinlerden, yaglardan ve diger maddelerden arindirilma asamasidir. Sepileme asamasi sepileme maddesi denilen ve özellikle bazik krom sülfatla gerçeklestirilen ancak bunun disinda bitkisel esasli maddeler, aldehitler, yaglar, alüminyum, zirkonyum gibi mineral sepileme maddeleri ve benzerleri ile mamul derilerde istenilmeyen unsurlarindan arindirilmis, agirlikli olarak kolajen içeren doku sepilenmek suretiyle kolay bozulmayan, çürümeyen, kokusmayan, sicak suya dayanikli, esnek, saglam bir yapiya ulastirilmis olur. Leather processing is carried out in four main stages (pre-tanning processes; tanning stage; aging processes). and dry finishing processes or finishing) and the different processing steps these stages cover. occurs. In the pre-tanning processes, some of the proteins naturally found in the skins structures, It is the stage of purification from oils and other substances. tanning stage tanning agent called and especially made with basic chromium sulphate, but other than that, plant-based substances, aldehydes, oils, mineral tanning agents such as aluminum, zirconium, and Predominantly collagen, free from undesirable elements in leathers manufactured with similar The tissue containing is tanned, which does not deteriorate easily, does not rot, does not smell, into hot water. a durable, flexible, solid structure is achieved.

Sepileme sonrasi yas bitim islemleri mamul deride istenilen kalinligi, rengi, tutumu, dolgunlugu, yumusakligi, su geçirmezligi, esnekligi kazandirmak amaciyla kullanilan sepileme maddeleri, boyalar ve yaglar kullanilarak gerçeklestirilen islemlerden olusur. After tanning, the wet finishing processes are applied to the desired thickness, color, attitude, It is used to gain fullness, softness, water resistance and flexibility. It consists of processes using tanning agents, dyes and oils.

Kuru bitim islemleri ya da finisaj ise bir türlü kaplama islemi olup mamul derinin yüzeyine istenilen özelliklerin kazandirilmasi amaciyla pigmentler, binderler, vakslar ve diger finisaj maddeleri ile yapilan bir islemdir. Dry finishing processes or finishing is a kind of coating process and is applied to the surface of the leather. pigments, binders, waxes and other finishes to achieve the desired properties. It is a transaction made with substances.

Balik derileri deri sanayinin egzotik deriler grubunda yer alan hassas organik yapili derilerdir. Fish skins are sensitive organic leathers in the exotic leathers group of the leather industry.

Bu nedenle dünya deri sanayi üretimde kendine nadiren yer bulabilmis ve yaygin olarak kullanilan memeli hayvan derilerine oranla daha Özenle üretim yöntemlerine tabi tutulmalidir. For this reason, the world leather industry has rarely found a place in production and has been widely used. It should be subjected to more careful production methods compared to the mammal skins used.

Bulusun Ki_sa Açiklamasi Bu bulusun amaci, Atlantik Somon (Salmo Salar) baliklarinin derilerinin krom ve bitkisel sepileme asamasiyla +3 degerlikli bazik krom sülfat ve bitkisel esasli tanenler kullanilarak balik derisi isleme yöntemi ile ilgilidir. Brief Description of the Invention The aim of this invention is to analyze the chrome and vegetable skins of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar) fish. In the tanning stage, using +3 basic chromium sulfate and vegetable-based tannins. It is related to the fish skin processing method.

Bulus konusu yöntem, somon ve somon ile benzer türdeki baliklara uygulanabilir bir yöntemdir. The method of the invention is an applicable method to salmon and fish of similar species. method.

Bulusun Ayrintili Açiklamasi Krom veya Bitkisel sepileme asamasiyla kromlu ya da bitkisel tanenler kullanilarak balik derisi isleme yöntemi(100), asagida yer alan 4 ana yöntem asamasina göre uygulanmaktadir. 1. Ilk olarak “Sepileme öncesi islemler” asamasi asagidaki adimlari içermektedir; tabakasindan arindirilmak amaciyla etleme isleminden geçirilmesi(101), belirlenen bir oranda suya önceden belirlenen bir oranda nonyonik yüzey aktif madde (islatma maddesi) ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda anyonik yüzey aktif madde ilave edilerek yikanmasi ve temizleme islemine tabi tutulmasi(102), yikanmasi ve dolaptaki suyun bosaltilmasi('103), I Dolaba deri agirliginin önceden belirlenen kati kadar suya önceden belirlenen bir sicaklikta deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum sülfür ilave edilerek derilerin önceden belirlenen bir sürede dolapta muamele edilmesi ile üzerindeki pigmentlerin, pulcuklarin ve keratin esasli proteinlerin ve eriyebilir proteinlerin deriden uzaklastirilmasi(104), kireç) ilave edilmesi ve dolabin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca ve önceden belirlenen araliklarla çevrilmesi(105), belirlenen bir sürede iyice yikanmasi ve derilerin et yüzlerinin makine ya da elle alinmasi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda zayif bir asit tuzuyla ya da amonyum sülfatla reaksiyona sokulmasi ve önceden belirlenen bir sürelik reaksiyondan sonra derideki proteolitik bir enzimle derilerin muamele edilmesi(108), I Derilerin dolaptan çikarilarak soguk suyla önceden belirlenen bir sürede yikanmas1(109), anyonik bir deri yag giderme maddesi ya da gazyagi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede muamele edilerek yag giderme islemine tabi tutulmasi(110), ilave edilerek yag emülsiye edilmesi(l 1 l), sicaklikta önceden belirlenen bir oranda su ile Önceden belirlenen bir sürede yikanmasi(l 12), yikanmasi(l 13). 2. Ikincil olarak sepileme asamasi islemleri asagidaki adimlari içermektedir; suya önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum klorür ilave edilerek iyice çözünmesinin saglanmasi ve suya derilerin konarak önceden belirlenen bir sürede birlikte çevrilmesi(1 14), I Deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda formik asidin önceden belirlenen kati kadar suyla seyreltilerek iki kisim halinde önceden belirlenen bir süre arayla suya eklenmesi(115), üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda polialdehit ilave edilmesi ve önceden belirlenen bir sürede çevrilmesi(116), degerlikli bazik krom sülfat (kromla tabaklama için) veya bir bitkisel sepileme maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi (bitkisel sepileme için) ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca devain ettirilmesi(1 17) belirlenen bir oranda alkali bir madde ilavesi (krom tabaklanan deriler için) veya formik asit ilave edilmesi (bitkisel sepileme için) ile önceden belirlenen bir süre kadar islemin devam ettirilmesi ve banyonun dökülerek deriden uzaklastirilmasi sonrasi derilerin iyice yikanmasi(118), dinlendirilmesi(1 19). 3. Üçüncül olarak krom ile ya da bitkisel tanenlerle sepilenmis derilere yas bitim islemleri uygulanmakta ve bu asama asagidaki adimlari içermektedir; belirlenen bir oranda anyonik yikama maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda okzalik asit esliginde önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca yikanmasi(121), I Deriler önceden belirlenen bir sicaklikta önceden belirlenen bir oranda su içerisine alinarak önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum bikarbonat ilavesi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede tepkimeye sokularak banyo ve deri kesit önceden belirlenen bir pH araligina çikarilmasi(l22), iyice yikanmasi(l23), su alinmasi ve derilerin önceden belirlenen bir oranda naftalin bazli bir sentetik tanen ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede muamele edilmesi(124), boyamanin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(l25), edilmesi( 126), belirlenen bir oranda kombine yaglama maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda sülfat yaglama maddesinden olusan bir yag karisimi ile yaglama yapilmasi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca devam etmesi(l27), islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca sürmesi(128), önceden belirlenen bir oranda su alinarak derilerin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca yikanmasi( 129), I Derilerin banyodan çikarilmasi ve gerilerek düzgünce kurumalarinin saglanmasi(130). 4. Son olarak kuru bitim islemleri uygulanmakta ve bu asama asagidaki adimlari içermektedir; hazirlanmasi(132). Detailed Description of the Invention Fish with chrome or vegetable tannins using chromium or vegetable tannins The leather processing method (100) is applied according to the following 4 main method stages. 1. First, the “Pre-tanning operations” stage includes the following steps; undergoing the fleshing process in order to be purified from the layer (101), a predetermined ratio of nonionic surfactant to water in a specified ratio (wetting agent) and a predetermined ratio of anionic surfactant added washing and cleaning (102) washing and emptying the water in the cupboard('103), I A predetermined amount of water in a predetermined times of the leather weight in the closet. Adding sodium sulfide at a predetermined ratio by skin weight at temperature by treating the leathers in the cupboard for a predetermined time. pigments, scales and keratin-based proteins and soluble removal of proteins from the skin(104), lime) and the cabinet for a predetermined time and in advance. converting at specified intervals(105), washing the skins thoroughly in a specified time and removing the skins by machine or by hand. with a weak acid salt or ammonium sulfate in a predetermined ratio. reaction in the skin and after a predetermined reaction time. treating leathers with a proteolytic enzyme(108), I Take the skins out of the fridge and rinse with cold water for a predetermined time. wash1(109), for a predetermined time with an anionic skin degreasing agent or kerosene. being treated and subjected to degreasing treatment(110), oil emulsification by adding (11 l), with water at a predetermined rate at a predetermined time washing(l 12), washing(l 13). 2. Secondary tanning stage operations include the following steps; to dissolve it thoroughly by adding sodium chloride to the water at a predetermined rate. and the skins are put into the water together in a predetermined time. turning(1 14), I Predetermined amount of formic acid in a predetermined ratio by skin weight It is diluted with water to a solid amount and added to the water in two parts at a predetermined time interval. adding(115), adding polyaldehyde at a predetermined rate over the translated in a time(116), precious basic chromium sulfate (for chrome tanning) or a vegetable tanning another vegetable tanning agent and a predetermined proportion adding a stable lubricant to electrolytes in a specified ratio (for vegetable tanning) and the process continues for a predetermined time to be promoted(1 17) addition of an alkaline substance (for chrome-tanned leathers) in a specified proportion or formic the process for a predetermined time with the addition of acid (for vegetable tanning). After the continuation and removal of the bath from the skin by pouring, the skins thorough washing(118), rest(1 19). 3. Age finishing on leathers tanned tertially with chrome or vegetable tannins processes are applied and this stage includes the following steps; a specified ratio of anionic washing agent and a predetermined ratio washing in the presence of oxalic acid for a predetermined time (121), I The skins are soaked in water at a predetermined rate at a predetermined temperature. predetermined by the addition of sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate bath and skin section by reacting in a period of time to a predetermined pH range removal(l22), thorough washing(l23), water removal and the skins were treated with a naphthalene-based synthetic tannin in a predetermined ratio. to be treated in a predetermined time(124), continuation of dyeing for a predetermined time(l25), to be made( 126), a predetermined proportion of combined lubricant, a predetermined proportion of sulphate It is necessary to lubricate with an oil mixture consisting of a lubricant and to pre- to continue for a specified period of time(l27), the process continues for a predetermined period (128), skins for a predetermined period of time by taking water at a predetermined rate. wash(129), I Taking the leathers out of the bath and stretching them to dry properly(130). 4. Finally, dry finishing processes are applied and this stage includes the following steps. includes; preparation(132).

Sepileme öncesi islemlerde 102. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri isleme dolabina alinan deriler, deri agirligi üzerinden % 300 suya % 0,5 nonyonik yüzey aktif madde ve % 0,5 anyonik yüzey aktif madde ilave edilerek yikanmaktadir. 103. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler 18°C suda 15 dakika iyice yikanmakta ve 104. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada dolaba deri agirliginin 2 - 3 kati suya 15-18°C'de deri agirligi üzerinden % l sodyum sülfür ilave edilerek derilere 2 saat boyunca dolapta muamele edilmekte ve üzerindeki pulcuklar, keratin esasli proteinler ve eriyebilir proteinler deriden uzaklastirilmaktadir. 105. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada banyoya deri agirligi üzerinden % 3 kalsiyum hidroksit (yani toz kireç) ilave edilmekte ve 30 dakika çevrilmektedir. (Toplam süre 48 saattir. Dolap her saat basi 10 dakika çevrilmektedir.) 106. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada kireçleme gören deriler çikartilarak 15 - 18 °C suyla 20 dakika iyice yikanmakta ve derilerin et yüzleri makine ya da elle leslerinden temizlenmektedir. 1- 1,5 zayif bir asit tuzuyla ya da amonyum sülfatla reaksiyona sokulmakta ve 60 dakikalik bir islemden sonra derideki kireç uzaklastirilmaktadir. 108. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler banyo pH,si 8-9 araliginda iken % 0,5 proteolitik bir enzimle derilere 60 dakika ila 120 dakika süreyle muamele edilmektedir. 109. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler, dolaptan çikarilarak soguk suyla 30 dakika boyunca yikanmaktadir. 110. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler islenti dolabina alinarak deri agirligi üzerinden yag giderme islemine tabi tutulmaktadir. lll. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada dolaba deri agirligi üzerinden % 3 sodyum klorür ilave edilerek yag emülsiye edilmektedir. boyunca yikanmaktadir. Bu yikama islemi tercihen üç kere tekrar edilmektedir. 113. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri 15 dakika boyunca 20°C deki suyla iyice yikanmaktadir. In the pre-tanning process, in the 102nd step, in the preferred application, the products taken into the leather processing cabinet leathers, 0.5% non-ionic surfactant and 0.5% to 300% water by skin weight It is washed by adding anionic surfactant. In step 103, in the preferred embodiment, the leathers are thoroughly washed in 18°C water for 15 minutes and In the 104th step, in the preferred application, the leather is heated to 2 - 3 times the weight of the leather in the water at 15-18°C. The leathers are treated in the cupboard for 2 hours by adding 1% by weight sodium sulfide. scales, keratin-based proteins and soluble proteins are extracted from the skin. being removed. In step 105, 3% by skin weight calcium hydroxide is added to the bath in the preferred application. (ie granulated lime) is added and it is rotated for 30 minutes. (Total time is 48 hours. Locker It is converted to 10 minutes every hour.) In step 106, in the preferred application, the leathers with calcification are removed and 20 - 20 °C with 15 - 18 °C water. minutes are thoroughly washed and the meat surfaces of the leathers are cleaned from the skins by machine or by hand. 1-1.5 is reacted with a weak acid salt or ammonium sulfate and left for 60 minutes. After the process, the lime on the skin is removed. In the 108th step, in the preferred application, when the pH of the skins is between 8 and 9, 0.5% The skins are treated with a proteolytic enzyme for 60 minutes to 120 minutes. In step 109, in the preferred embodiment, the skins are removed from the cabinet and rinsed with cold water for 30 minutes. washed throughout. In the 110th step, in the preferred application, the leathers are taken to the treatment cabinet and over the skin weight. subjected to degreasing process. ll. In the first step, in the preferred application, 3% sodium chloride by weight of the leather is added to the closet. the oil is emulsified. washed throughout. This washing process is preferably repeated three times. In step 113, in the preferred application, the skin is thoroughly washed with water at 20°C for 15 minutes. is being washed.

Sepileme asamasi islemlerinde 114. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri agirligi üzerinden 18°C'de % 100 suya % 5-6 kadar sodyum klorür ilave edilmekte, iyice çözünmesi saglanmakta ve deriler suya konarak 10 dakika birlikte çevrilmektedir. 115. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri agirligi üzerinden % 1 formik asit bes kati suyla seyreltilmekte ve iki kisim eklenmektedir. 116. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada banyo pHssi 5”e ayarlanmakta, suya deri agirligi üzerinden % 2 polialdehit ilave edilmekte ve dolap 60 dakika çevrilmektedir. ll7. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada bitkisel sepileme maddeleri en az bir tara ve/ veya en az bir kebrakodur. Söz konusu adimda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %8-12 tara ilave edilmektedir. In the 114th step of the tanning process, in the preferred application, over the weight of the skin. 5-6% sodium chloride is added to 100% water at 18°C, are provided and the skins are placed in water and turned together for 10 minutes. In step 115, the preferred embodiment 1% formic acid by weight of skin five solids diluted with water and two parts is added. In step 116, the preferred embodiment bath pH is adjusted to 5”, leather Add 2% polyaldehyde by weight and the cabinet is 60 minutes is translated. ll7. in step, preferred application vegetable tanning agents at least one comb and/or at least one kebrako. Promise in the subject step, over skin weight 8-12% tar is added to the bath.

Daha da tercihen deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %10 tara ilave edilmektedir. More preferably over skin weight 10% tar is added to the bath.

Ardindan deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya da tercihen deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %2 kebrako ilave edilmektedir. 115. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri agirligi üzerinden % 1 formik asit bes kati suyla seyreltilmekte ve iki kisim eklenmektedir. 116. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri agirligi üzerinden % l sülfürik asit 10 kati soguk suyla seyreltilmekte ve üç kisim halinde 20`ser dakika ara ile suya eklenmektedir. Deri kesit pH'si 3”e ayarlanmakta, ardindan suya deri agirligi üzerinden % 2 polialdehit ilave edilmekte ve dolap 60 dakika çevrilmektedir. 117. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada +3 degerlikli bazik krom sülfat tabaklama maddesi deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya üzerinden banyoya %1-2 elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmektedir. Islem yaklasik 6 saat boyunca, tercihen tam 12 saat boyunca Deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %1-2 etmektedir. elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmektedir. lslem yaklasik 118' adimda deri agirligi uzerinden 12 saat boyunca, tercihen tam 12 saat banyoya % 1,0 sodyum formiyat ilave boyunca devam etmektedir. Söz konusu edilmekte ve 45 dakika dolap a dim (117). bulusun bir baska çevrilmektedir. Süre sonunda deri uygulamasinda mimoza, gambir, kestane, agirligi uzerinden banyoya 0 0'5 1,0 valeks, sumak, mese vb. bitkisel sepileme sodyum bikarbonat ilave edilmekte ve maddeleri ile de dolap yaklasik 60 dakika çevrilmektedir. gerçeklestirilebilmekte dir. Islem sonunda denler 20 dakika sureyle soguk suyla yikanmaktadir. 118. adimda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya % 0.8-1.2 formik asit ilave 119. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada edilmektedir. Daha da tercihen deri dem” 7 _ 10 gun S'yah b” PVC on“ 'le agirligi üzerinden banyoya % 1 formik ortulerek dinlendirilmektedir. asit ilave edilmektedir. Islem yaklasik 30 sürmektedir. 1 19. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler 7 - 10 gün siyah bir PVC örtü ile örtülerek dinlendirilmektedir. anyonik yikama maddesi ve % 0,5 okzalik asit esliginde 30 dakika boyunca yikanmaktadir. 121. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler 35°C de % 200 sn içerisine alinarak % l sodyum bikarbonat ilavesi ile 45 dakika tepkimeye sokulmakta banyo ve deri kesit pH7si 5,5 -6,0`a çikarilmaktadir. 122. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deriler 20°C suyla 10 dakika boyunca iyice yikanmaktadir. 123. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada deri agirligi üzerinden 35°C de % 200 su alinmakta ve 124. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada banyoya % 2 boyar madde ilave edilmekte ve boyama 60 dakika devam etmektedir. 125. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada islem sonunda % 1 formik asit banyoya ilave edilmektedir. 126. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada ayni banyoya % 3 sülfite yaglama maddesi, % 6 kombine yaglama maddesi, % 3 sülfat yaglama maddesinden olusan bir yag karisimi ile yaglama yapilmakta ve islem 60 dakika boyunca devam etmektedir. 127. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada islem sonunda banyoya % l formik asit ilave edilmekte ve bu islem 30 dakika sürmektedir. 128. adimda, tercih edilen uygulamada islemin sonunda banyodaki su dökülmekte ve 20°C de 129. adimda deri, çerçevelere gerilerek kurutulmaktadir. Then, over the skin weight, into the bathroom. preferably over skin weight 2% kebrako is added to the bath. In step 115, the preferred embodiment 1% formic acid by weight of skin five solids diluted with water and two parts is added. In step 116, the preferred embodiment 1% sulfuric acid by weight of skin 10 The solid is diluted with cold water and into the water in portions at intervals of 20 minutes. is added. Skin section pH 3”e being adjusted, then the skin weight in the water 2% polyaldehyde is added over and the cabinet is rotated for 60 minutes. +3 in step 117, preferred app precious basic chromium sulfate tanning substance into the bath over the weight of the skin. to the bath 1-2% electrolytes Adding a durable lubricant is being done. Process about 6 hours throughout, preferably for the full 12 hours It transfers 1-2% to the bath over the skin weight. lubrication resistant to electrolytes item is added. The procedure is done over the skin weight in approximately 118' steps. Add 1.0% sodium formate to the bath for 12 hours, preferably a full 12 hours. continues throughout. It is mentioned and 45 minutes locker a dim (117). your invention is translated into another. skin at the end of time in the application of mimosa, gambir, chestnut, to the bathroom by weight 0 0'5 1.0 valex, sumac, oak etc. sodium bicarbonate is added to vegetable tanning and With the items, the cabinet is turned for about 60 minutes. can be realized. At the end of the procedure, the dens will last for 20 minutes. washed with cold water. over skin weight in step 118 adding 0.8-1.2% formic acid to the bath, in step 119, in the preferred application is being done. Even more preferably with “leather brew” 7 _ 10 days Black b” PVC on“ It is rested by covering 1% formic in the bath over its weight. acid is added. The process is about 30 in progress. 1 In step 19, the preferred embodiment skins 7 - 10 days with a black PVC cover covered and rested. It is washed for 30 minutes in the presence of anionic washing agent and 0.5% oxalic acid. In the 121st step, in the preferred application, the skins are taken within 200% at 35°C and 1% sodium It is reacted for 45 minutes with the addition of bicarbonate, and the pH of the bath and skin section is changed to 5.5 -6.0. is being removed. In step 122, in the preferred embodiment, the skins are thoroughly rinsed with 20°C water for 10 minutes. is being washed. In step 123, in the preferred application, 200% water is taken over the skin weight at 35°C and In step 124, in the preferred application, 2% dyestuff is added to the bath and dyeing It continues for 60 minutes. In step 125, in the preferred application, 1% formic acid is added to the bath at the end of the process. is being done. In step 126, in the preferred embodiment, 3% sulfide lubricant, 6% into the same bath combined lubricant, with an oil mixture of 3% sulfate lubricant lubrication is done and the process continues for 60 minutes. In step 127, in the preferred application, 1% formic acid is added to the bath at the end of the process. and this process takes 30 minutes. In step 128, in the preferred embodiment, at the end of the process, the water in the bath is poured and cooled at 20°C. In step 129, the leather is stretched to the frames and dried.

Tercih edilen uygulamada derisi islenen balik Atlantik somon baligi (Salmon salar)dir. In the preferred application, the skin-processed fish is Atlantic salmon (salmon salar).

Bu üretim yöntemi(100) ile özellikle atik konumunda olan ve balik yemi üretiminde kullanilan balik derilerinin kolajenik yapisi modifiye edilerek büzülme sicakligi (yani sicak suya dayanimi) 20°C'den 80- 90°C,ye çikarilmakta, protein yapisi saglamlastirilmakta ve nihai mamul ürünün elde edilmesinde aranilan özellikler kazandirilmakta ve kendine özgü yüzey görünümlerine göre ürün kalitesi yükseltilerek deri isleme bakimindan ekonomik anlamda da önemli bir katma deger kazandirilmakta ve sanayide diger hayvanlarin kullanildigi her türlü deri yerine balik derisinin kullanilabilmesini saglamaktadir. With this production method (100), it is especially wasteful and used in fish feed production. By modifying the collagen structure of the fish skins, the shrinkage temperature (i.e. hot water strength) is increased from 20°C to 80-90°C, the protein structure is strengthened and the final The desired properties are gained in the production of the finished product and its unique surface By increasing the product quality according to their appearance, they are also economical in terms of leather processing. an important added value is gained and all kinds of animals where other animals are used in the industry. It allows the use of fish skin instead of leather.

Bulus, yukarida açiklanan uygulamalar ile sinirli olmayip, teknikte uzman kisi kolaylikla bulusun farkli uygulamalarini ortaya koyabilir. Bunlar, bulusun istemler ile talep edilen korumasi kapsaminda degerlendirilmelidir. The invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but is readily available to the skilled person. may reveal different applications of the invention. These are the claims claimed by the invention. should be considered under its protection.

ISTEMLER Bir sepileme öncesi islemler asamasi içeren Deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir sicaklikta önceden belirlenen bir oranda suya önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum klorür ilave edilerek iyice çözünmesinin saglanmasi ve suya derilerin konarak önceden belirlenen bir sürede birlikte çevrilmesi(l 14), Deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda formik asidin önceden belirlenen kati kadar suyla seyreltilerek iki kisim halinde önceden belirlenen bir süre arayla suya eklenmesi (l 15), Banyonun önceden belirlenen bir pH degerine ayarlanmasi ve suya deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda polialdehit ilave edilmesi ve önceden belirlenen bir sürede çevrilmesi(l 16), Bitkisel sepilemede deri agirligi üzerinden önceden hazirlanmis bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir bitkisel sepileme maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi; kromla tabaklamada deri agirligi üzerinden önceden hazirlanmis bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda +3 degerlikli bazik krom sülfat tabaklama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve bitkisel ya da kromla tabaklanmis derilerin bulundugu dolaba önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca devam ettirilmesi(l 17) Bitkisel tabaklanan deriler için söz konusu önceden belirlenen islem süresi sonunda deri agirligi üzerinden Önceden belirlenen bir oranda formik asit ilave edilmesi; kromla tabaklanan deriler için söz konusu önceden belirlenen islem süresi sonunda deri agirrligi üzerinden Önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum formiyat ve sodyum bikarbonat ilave edilmesi ile önceden belirlenen bir süre kadar islemin devam ettirilmesi ve banyonun dökülerek deriden uzaklastirilmasi sonrasi derilerin iyice yikanmas1(l 18), - Adimlarini içermesi ile karakterize edilen bir sepileme asamasina sahip bir balik derisi isleme yöntem(100). 2) “Bitkisel sepileme yapilirken deri agirligi üzerinden bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir bitkisel sepileme maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(117)” adiminda bitkisel sepileme maddelerinden en az birinin tara oldugu istem lideki gibi bir yöntem(100) ya da “Krom tabaklama yapilirken deri agirligi üzerinden bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda +3 degerlikli bazik krom sülfat, önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlen bir sürede devam etmesi (117)” adiminda kromun oldugu istem lideki gibi bir yöntem (100). maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi( 1 17)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya bitkisel sepileme maddelerinden biri olan taranin %8-12 oranlarinda ilave edildigi istem Zideki gibi bir yöntem(100).ya da “Deri agirligi üzerinden bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda krom tabaklama maddesi, önceden belirlenen ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(117)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya krom tabaklama maddesinin %6-10 oranlarinda ilave edildigi istem Zadeki gibi bir yöntem(100) maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(1 17)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya bitkisel sepileme maddelerinden biri olan taranin %10 oraninda ilave edildigi istem 3°deki gibi bir yöntem(100). REQUESTS Including a pre-tanning stage a predetermined temperature over skin weight at a predetermined temperature. by adding sodium chloride at a predetermined rate to water dissolving and putting the skins in the water in a predetermined time. turning together(l 14), Formic acid in a predetermined ratio by skin weight It is diluted with a certain amount of water and divided into two parts for a predetermined period of time. adding to water intermittently (l 15), Adjusting the bath to a predetermined pH value and adding skin weight to the water adding polyaldehyde at a predetermined rate over the turning in a specified time(l 16), In vegetable tanning, a pre-prepared bath is applied over the weight of the skin. a vegetable tanning agent in a predetermined ratio a proportion of another vegetable tanning agent; leather weight in chrome tanning +3 at a predetermined rate to a pre-prepared bath over adding valuable basic chromium sulfate tanning agent and at a predetermined rate to the cabinet with chrome-tanned leathers. adding a durable lubricant to the electrolytes and pre-treatment to be maintained for a specified period of time(l 17) At the end of the predetermined processing period for vegetable tanned leathers adding formic acid at a predetermined ratio by weight of the skin; for chrome-tanned leathers, at the end of the predetermined processing time Sodium formate and sodium in a predetermined ratio by skin weight The process continues for a predetermined time with the addition of bicarbonate. After removing the skin from the skin by pouring the bath and pouring the bath, the skins are thoroughly washing up1(l 18), - A fish skin with a tanning stage characterized by containing the steps processing method(100). 2) “When herbal tanning is done, a predetermined amount of water is applied to a bath over the weight of the skin. ratio of one vegetable tanning agent to another vegetable tanning agent in a predetermined ratio tanning agent and a predetermined ratio of electrolytes to provide a durable lubrication clause is added and the process continues within a predetermined time(117)” As in the request, at least one of the vegetable tanning agents is tara in the step a method(100) or “When chrome tanning is applied to a bath over the weight of the skin. +3 basic chromium sulfate in a predetermined ratio the addition of a stable lubricant to the electrolytes in proportion to the continue in a specified time (117)” as in the request, where chrome is in the step. method (100). another vegetable tanning agent and a predetermined proportion adding a stable lubricant to the electrolytes in a specified ratio and continue in a predetermined time( 1 17)” over skin weight 8-12% of tarranin, one of the herbal tanning agents, is added to the bath. A method as in the request (100). chrome tanning agent in a specified proportion, predetermined and adding a stable lubricant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate and the process continues for a predetermined time(117)”. Adding 6-10% of the chrome tanning agent to the bath by weight A method like in the request(100) another vegetable tanning agent and a predetermined proportion adding a stable lubricant to the electrolytes in a specified ratio and Continuation of the process in a predetermined time (1 17)” step of the skin weight 10% of tare, one of the herbal tanning agents, into the bath. A method (100) as in claim 3, where it is added.

) “Deri agirligi üzerinden bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir bitkisel sepileme maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(l 17)” adiminda bitkisel sepileme maddelerinden en az birinin kebrako oldugu istem 1 veya 2 veya 3 veya 4ldeki gibi bir yöntem(100). maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(117)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya bitkisel sepileme maddelerinden biri olan kebrakonun %2-4 oranlarinda ilave edildigi istem 5”teki gibi bir yöntem(100). ) “A vegetable tanning at a predetermined rate to a bath by weight of the skin another vegetable tanning agent and a predetermined proportion adding a stable lubricant to the electrolytes in a specified ratio and vegetal tanning at the step of “continuation in a predetermined period (l 17)” A product as in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, where at least one of the ingredients is kebrako. method(100). another vegetable tanning agent and a predetermined proportion adding a stable lubricant to the electrolytes in a specified ratio and continuation of the process for a predetermined time(117)” step, skin weight 2-4% of kebrakone, one of the herbal tanning agents, is put into the bath. A method (100) as in claim 5, where it is added in proportions.

Bitkisel sepilemede “Deri agirligi üzerinden bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir bitkisel sepileme maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda bir baska bitkisel sepileme maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(1 17)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya % 1-2 oranlarinda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesinin ilave edildigi yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100); krom tabaklamada “Deri agirligi üzerinden bir banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda krom tabaklama maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesi ilave edilmesi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(1 17)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %1-2 oranlarinda elektrolitlere dayanikli bir yaglama maddesinin ilave edildigi yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem( 100) 8) Islem yaklasik 12 saat boyunca herhangi biri Tam 12 saat boyunca istem 1 ila 7 den herhangi biri devam etmektedir. In vegetable tanning, “A predetermined ratio is applied to a bath over the weight of the skin. one vegetable tanning agent, another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate substance and, in a predetermined ratio, a lubricant resistant to electrolytes. addition and the continuation of the process in a predetermined period (1 17)” A lubrication resistant to electrolytes at the rate of 1-2% to the bath over the skin weight. A substance as in any one of the above claims to which the substance is added. method(100); In chrome tanning, “Pre-treatment of a bath over the weight of the leather a predetermined proportion of chrome tanning agent and a predetermined proportion adding a durable lubricant to the electrolytes and to continue for a while(1 17)" step 1-2% over the skin weight into the bath. above, in which a lubricant resistant to electrolytes is added in proportions A method as in any one of the claims( 100) 8) Process any one for about 12 hours Any one of claims 1 to 7 continues for a full 12 hours.

) Krom tabaklamada süre 6 ila 12 saat arasinda devam etmektedir 11) Bitkisel sepilemede“Süre sonunda deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda formik asit ilave edilmesi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede islem sürmesi ve banyonun dökülmesi sonrasi derilerin iyice yikanmasi(118)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %0.8-1.2 oranlarinda formik asidin ilave edildigi yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem( 100). 12) Krom tabaklamada “süre sonunda deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum formi yat ve belirlenen bir oranda sodyum bikarbonat ilave edilmesi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede islemin sürmesi ve banyonun dökülmesi sonrasi derilerin iyica yikanmasi (118) adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya % 0,5 - l oranlarinda sodyum formiyat ve % I - 1,5 arasinda sodyum bikarbonat ilave edildigi yukaridaki istemlerden birindeki gibi bir yöntem (100) 13) Bitkisel sepilemede “süre sonunda deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda formik asit ilave edilmesi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede islem sürmesi ve banyonun dökülmesi sonrasi derilerin iyice yikanmasi(118)” adiminda deri agirligi üzerinden banyoya %1 oraninda formik asidin ilave edildigi istem 10ldaki gibi bir yöntem(100). 14) Islem yaklasik 30 dakika 16) Sepileme öncesi islemler asamasinin; etleme isleminden geçirilmesi( 101), belirlenen bir oranda suya önceden belirlenen bir oranda nonyonik yüzey aktif madde (islatma maddesi) ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda anyonik yüzey aktif madde ilave edilerek yikanmasi ve temizleme islemine tabi tutulmasi( 1 02), yikanmasi ve dolaptaki suyun bosaltilmasi(103), sicaklikta deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum sülfür ilave edilerek derilerin önceden belirlenen bir sürede dolapta muamele edilmesi ile üzerindeki pulcuklarin ve keratin esasli proteinlerin ve eriyebilir proteinlerin deriden uzaklastirilmasi(104), kireç) ilave edilmesi ve dolabin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca ve önceden belirlenen araliklarla çevrilmesi( 1 05), belirlenen bir sürede iyice yikanmasi ve derilerin et yüzlerinin leslerinden temizlenmesi(106), alinmasi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda zayif bir asit tuzuyla ya da amonyum sülfatla reaksiyona sokulmasi ve önceden belirlenen bir sürelik reaksiyondan sonra derideki kirecin uzaklastirilmasi( 107), proteolitik bir enzimle derilerin muamele edilmesi(108), yikanmasi( 109), oranda anyonik bir deri yag giderme maddesi ya da gazyagi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede muamele edilerek yag giderme islemine tabi tutulmasi(l 10), ilave edilerek yag emülsiye edilmesi(l 1 l), sicaklikta önceden belirlenen bir oranda su ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede yikanmasi(1 12), Derinin önceden belirlenen bir sürede önceden belirlenen bir sicaklikta suyla iyice yikanmasi(1 13), adimlarini içerdigi yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). belirlenen bir oranda suya önceden belirlenen bir oranda nonyonik yüzey aktif madde (islatma maddesi) ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda anyonik yüzey aktif madde ilave edilerek yikanmasi ve temizleme islemine tabi tutulmasi(102)” adiminda, deri isleme dolabina alinan derilerin, deri agirligi üzerinden % 300 suya % 0,5 nonyonik yüzey aktif madde ve % 0,5 anyonik yüzey aktif madde ilave edilerek yikandigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14,teki gibi bir yöntem(100). yikanmasi ve dolaptaki suyun bosaltilmasi(103)” adiminda, derilerin 18°C suda 15 dakika iyice yikandigi ve dolaptaki suyun bosaltildigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 veya 15ideki gibi bir yöntem(100). sicaklikta deri agirligi üzerinden önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum sülfür ilave edilerek derilerin önceden belirlenen bir sürede dolapta muamele edilmesi ile üzerindeki pulcuklarin ve keratin esasli proteinlerin ve eriyebilir proteinlerin deriden uzaklastirilmasi(104)” adiminda, dolaba deri agirliginin 2 - 3 kati suya 15-18°C°de deri agirligi üzerinden % 1 sodyum sülfür ilave edilerek derilere 2 saat boyunca dolapta muamele edildigi ve üzerindeki pulcuklarin, keratin esasli proteinlerin ve eriyebilir proteinlerin deriden uzaklastirildigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 16,dan herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem( 100). kireç) ilave edilmesi ve dolabin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca ve önceden belirlenen araliklarla çevrilmesi(105)” adiminda, banyoya deri agirligi üzerinden % 3 kalsiyum hidroksit ilave edildigi ve dolabin 30 dakika çevrildigi,(Toplam süre 48 saattir. ) The duration of chrome tanning is between 6 and 12 hours. 11) In herbal tanning “At the end of the period, at a predetermined rate over the skin weight With the addition of formic acid, the process continues for a predetermined time and the bath washing the skin thoroughly after shedding (118)” from the above claims, where 0.8-1.2% of formic acid is added to the bath. a method as in any( 100). 12) In chrome tanning, “at a predetermined rate over the leather weight at the end of the period preformed by adding sodium formiate and sodium bicarbonate in a specified proportion. After the process continues in a specified time and after the bath is poured, the skins are thoroughly cleaned. In the washing (118) step, 0.5 - l ratios to the bath over the skin weight sodium formate and I - 1.5% sodium bicarbonate are added to the above A method (100) as in one of the claims 13) In herbal tanning, “at a predetermined rate over the skin weight at the end of the period With the addition of formic acid, the process continues for a predetermined time and the bath washing the skin thoroughly after shedding (118)” A method (100) as in claim 10, in which 1% formic acid is added to the bath. 14) Process about 30 minutes 16) Pre-tanning processes; undergoing the fleshing process( 101), a predetermined ratio of nonionic surfactant to water in a specified ratio (wetting agent) and a predetermined ratio of anionic surfactant added washed and subjected to cleaning process (1 02), washing and emptying the water in the cabinet(103), Adding sodium sulfide at a predetermined ratio by skin weight at temperature by treating the leathers in the cupboard for a predetermined time, flakes and keratin-based proteins and soluble proteins from the skin removal(104), lime) and the cabinet for a predetermined time and in advance. dialing at specified intervals( 1 05), washing thoroughly in a specified time and removing the skins from the flesh of the skins. cleaning(106), with a weak acid salt or ammonium sulfate in a predetermined ratio. reaction in the skin and after a predetermined reaction time. lime removal (107) treating leathers with a proteolytic enzyme(108), bathing( 109), a predetermined amount of an anionic skin degreasing agent or kerosene. being treated in a timely manner and subjected to degreasing treatment (l 10), oil emulsification by adding (11 l), in a predetermined time with water at a predetermined rate at the temperature washing(1 12), Thoroughly wash the skin with water at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time. washing(1 13), A method (100) as in any one of the above claims comprising the steps of. a predetermined ratio of nonionic surfactant to water in a specified ratio (wetting agent) and a predetermined ratio of anionic surfactant added in the step of washing and cleaning (102)”, leather processing of the leathers taken into the closet, 0.5% non-ionic surfactant to 300% water by skin weight. and 0.5% anionic surfactant added, before a tanning A method (100) as in claim 14 with a processing step. washing and emptying the water in the cupboard (103)”, the leathers should be washed in 18°C water for 15 minutes. a pre-tanning process, in which the water in the cabinet is emptied A method (100) as in claim 14 or 15 having a step. Adding sodium sulfide at a predetermined ratio by skin weight at temperature by treating the leathers in the cupboard for a predetermined time, flakes and keratin-based proteins and soluble proteins from the skin removal(104)” step, in the closet 2 - 3 times the weight of the leather in water at 15-18°C. By adding 1% sodium sulfide by weight, the leathers are kept in the fridge for 2 hours. treated and on the scales, keratin-based proteins and soluble Claim 14 having a pre-tanning treatment step in which the proteins are removed from the skin a method as in any of 16 to (100). lime) and the cabinet for a predetermined time and in advance. at the specified intervals (105)” step, 3% of the skin weight is added to the bath. calcium hydroxide is added and the cabinet is turned for 30 minutes, (Total time is 48 hours.

Dolap her saat basi 10 dakika çevrilmektedir.) bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 17”den herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). belirlenen bir sürede iyice yikanmasi ve derilerin et yüzlerinin leslerinden temizlenmesi(106)” adiminda, kireçleme gören derilerin çikartilarak 15 - 18 °C suyla dakika iyice yikandigi ve derilerin et yüzlerinin temizlendigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem `14 ila `18'den herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). alinmasi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda zayif bir asit tuzuyla ya da amonyum sülfatla reaksiyona sokulmasi ve önceden belirlenen bir sürelik reaksiyondan sonra derideki alindigi ve % 1-1,5 zayif bir asit tuzuyla ya da amonyum sülfatla reaksiyona sokuldugu ve 60 dakikalik bir islemden sonra derideki kirecin uzaklastirildigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 19,dan herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). proteolitik bir enzimle derilerin muamele edilmesi(108)” adiminda, banyo pH,si 8-9 araliginda iken % 0,5 proteolitik bir enzimle derilere 60 dakika ila 120 dakika süreyle muamele edildigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 207den herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). yikanmasi(109)” adiminda, derilerin dolaptan çikarilarak soguk suyla 30 dakika boyunca yikandigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 21'den herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). oranda anyonik bir deri yag giderme maddesi ya da gazyagi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede muamele edilerek yag giderme islemine tabi tutulmasi(110)” adiminda, derilerin, islenti dolabina alinarak deri agirligi üzerinden % 7 anyonik bir deri yag giderme maddesi ya da gazyagi ile 60 dakika muamele edildigi ve yag giderme islemine tabi tutuldugu, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 22'den herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). ilave edilerek yag emülsiye edilmesi(111)” adiminda, dolaba deri agirligi üzerinden % 3 sodyum klorür ilave edilerek yagin emülsiye edildigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 23iten herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). sicaklikta önceden belirlenen bir oranda su ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede yikanmasi(112)” adiminda, derinin deri agirligi üzerinden % 3 tuz içeren 20°Cide % 300 su ile 15 dakika boyunca üç kere yikandigi, bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 24”ten herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). yikanmasi(113)” adiminda, derinin 15 dakika boyunca 20°C°deki suyla yikandigi bir sepileme öncesi islem asamasina sahip istem 14 ila 25,ten herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). 29) Sepileme asamasindaki 118. adimdan sonra, - Derilerin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca siyah bir PVC örtü ile örtülerek dinlendirilmesi(1 19) adiminin uygulandigi yukaridakilerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100). The cabinet is turned every hour for 10 minutes.) to a pre-tanning process. A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 17 having. washing thoroughly in a specified time and removing the skins from the flesh of the skins. cleaning (106)”, removing the calcified leathers and watering them at 15 - 18 °C. minutes before a tanning, in which the skins are washed thoroughly and the meat surfaces of the skins are cleaned. A method (100) as in any one of claims `14 to `18 having a processing step. with a weak acid salt or ammonium sulfate in a predetermined ratio. reaction in the skin and after a predetermined reaction time. taken and reacted with a salt of 1-1.5% weak acid or ammonium sulfate. and after a treatment of 60 minutes, a pre-tanning process, in which the lime from the skin is removed. A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 19 having a processing step. treatment of leathers with a proteolytic enzyme(108)”, bath pH 8-9 It is applied to the skins for 60 minutes to 120 minutes with a 0.5% proteolytic enzyme. from claims 14 to 207 having a pre-tanning treatment step a method like any(100). In the step of “washing (109)”, remove the leathers from the cabinet and use cold water for 30 minutes. from claims 14 to 21 having a pre-tanning treatment step a method like any(100). a predetermined amount of an anionic skin degreasing agent or kerosene. In the step of “(110)”, the leathers, An anionic skin degreasing agent of 7% by weight of the skin can be taken into the medicine cabinet. or treated with kerosene for 60 minutes and degreased. Any one of claims 14 to 22 having a pre-tanning treatment step where the a method like one(100). emulsifying the oil by adding oil (111)” step, % over the weight of the leather in the closet A pre-tanning treatment in which the oil is emulsified by the addition of 3 sodium chloride A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 23 having a step. in a predetermined time with water at a predetermined rate at the temperature Washing (112)” step of the leather at 20°C containing 3% salt by weight of the skin. A pre-tanning stage, where it is washed three times for 15 minutes with 300 water A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 24 having. washing (113)” step, where the skin is washed with water at 20°C for 15 minutes. as in any one of claims 14 to 25 having a pre-tanning treatment step a method(100). 29) After step 118 in the tanning stage, - Covering the skins with a black PVC sheet for a predetermined time rest(1 19) A method(100) as in any of the above to which step(100) is applied.

Sepileme öncesi islem asamasindan hemen sonra uygulanan bir yas bitim islemleri asamasi içeren ve bu asamasinin asagidaki adimlari içerdigi; inceltilmesi ve derilerin tartilmasi(120), belirlenen bir oranda anyonik yikama maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda okzalik asit esliginde önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca yikanmasi( l 21), alinarak önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum bikarbonat ilavesi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede tepkimeye sokularak banyo ve deri kesit önceden belirlenen bir pH araligina çikarilmasi( 122), iyice yikanmasi(123), su alinmasi ve derilerin önceden belirlenen bir oranda naftalin bazli bir sentetik tanen ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede muamele edilmesi( 1 24), Ardindan banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda boyar madde ilave edilmesi ve boyamanin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi(125), I Islem sonunda önceden belirlenen bir oranda formik asidin banyoya ilave edilmesi(l26), Ayni banyoya önceden belirlenen bir oranda sülfite yaglama maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda kombine yaglama maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda sülfat yaglama maddesinden olusan bir yag karisimi ile yaglama yapilmasi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca devam etmesi(l27), islemin Önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca sürmesi(l28), Islemin sonunda banyodaki suyun dökülmesi ve önceden belirlenen bir sicaklikta önceden belirlenen bir oranda su alinarak derilerin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca yikanmasi( 129), I Derilerin banyodan çikarilmasi ve gerilerek düzgünce kurumalarinin saglanmasi(l30) yukaridaki istemlerden herhangi birindeki gibi bir yöntem(100) önceden belirlenen bir oranda anyonik yikama maddesi ve önceden belirlenen bir oranda okzalik asit esliginde önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca yikanmasi(l2l)” adiminda, derilerin 40°C de % 250 suyla % 0,3 anyonik yikama maddesi ve % 0,5 okzalik asit esliginde 30 dakika boyunca yikandigi, alinarak önceden belirlenen bir oranda sodyum bikarbonat ilavesi ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede tepkimeye sokularak banyo ve deri kesit önceden belirlenen bir pH araligina çikarilmasi(122)” adiminda, derilerin 35°C de % 200 su içerisine alinarak % 1 sodyum bikarbonat ilavesi ile 45 dakika tepkimeye sokuldugu banyo ve deri kesit pH`si 5,5 - 6,0”a çikarildigi, iyice yikanmasi(l23)” adiminda, derilerin 20°C suyla 10 dakika boyunca iyice yikandigi, su alinmasi ve derilerin önceden belirlenen bir oranda naftalin bazli bir sentetik tanen ile önceden belirlenen bir sürede muamele edilmesi(124)” adiminda, deri agirligi üzerinden 35°C de % 200 su alindigi ve % 2 naftalin bazli bir sentetik tanen ile 30 dakika muamele edildigi, boyamanin önceden belirlenen bir sürede devam etmesi('l25)” adiminda, banyoya % 2 boyar madde ilave edildigi ve boyamanin 60 dakika devam ettigi, edilmesi(126)” adiminda, islem sonunda % l formik asidin banyoya ilave edildigi, belirlenen bir oranda kombine yaglama maddesi, önceden belirlenen bir oranda sülfat yaglama maddesinden olusan bir yag karisimi ile yaglama yapilmasi ve islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca devam etmesi(l27)” adiminda, ayni banyoya % 3 sülfite yaglama maddesi, % 6 kombine yaglama maddesi, % 3 sülfat yaglama maddesinden olusan bir yag karisimi ile yaglama yapildigi ve islemin 60 dakika boyunca devam ettigi, islemin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca sürmesi( 128)” adiminda, islem sonunda banyoya % 1 formik asidin ilave edildigi ve bu islemin 30 dakika sürdügü, önceden belirlenen bir oranda su alinarak derilerin önceden belirlenen bir süre boyunca yikanmasi(l29)” adiminda, islemin sonunda banyodaki suyun döküldügü ve 20°C de adiminda, derinin çerçevelere gerilerek kurutuldugu bir yas bitim islemleri asamasina sahip istem 18adeki gibi bir yöntem(100). One-year end processes applied immediately after the pre-tanning process which includes the phase and this phase includes the following steps; thinning and weighing the skins(120), a predetermined ratio of anionic washing agent and a predetermined ratio of oxalic washing in the presence of acid for a predetermined time ( l 21), predetermined by the addition of sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate bath and skin section by reacting in a time at a predetermined pH to be ranged( 122), washing thoroughly(123), water removal and the skins were treated with a naphthalene-based synthetic tannin in a predetermined ratio. to be treated in a predetermined time( 1 24), Then, adding a predetermined amount of dyestuff to the bath and continuation of dyeing for a predetermined time(125), I At the end of the process, formic acid is added to the bath at a predetermined rate. to be made(l26), A predetermined ratio of sulfite lubricant to the same bath a predetermined proportion of combined lubricant, a predetermined proportion of sulphate It is necessary to lubricate with an oil mixture consisting of a lubricant and to pre- to continue for a specified period of time(l27), the process continues for a predetermined time(l28), At the end of the process, the water in the bathroom is poured and at a predetermined temperature. skins for a predetermined period of time by taking water at a predetermined rate. wash(129), I Taking the leathers out of the bath and stretching them to dry properly(l30) A method (100) as in any one of the above claims a predetermined ratio of anionic washing agent and a predetermined to be washed for a predetermined period in the presence of oxalic acid at a ratio of 1 (l2l)” In this step, the leathers are washed at 40°C with 250% water, 0.3% anionic washing agent and 0.5%. washed for 30 minutes with oxalic acid, predetermined by the addition of sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate bath and skin section by reacting in a period of time to a predetermined pH range removal(122)” step, the skins were taken into 200% water at 35°C and 1% sodium The pH of the bath and skin section, in which it was reacted for 45 minutes with the addition of bicarbonate, was 5.5 - increased to 6.0”, Thoroughly wash(l23)” step, thoroughly wash the leathers with 20°C water for 10 minutes. washed, a synthetic tannin based on naphthalene in a predetermined ratio of water removal and skins skin weight in step (124)” at 35°C over 200% water and a 2% naphthalene-based synthetic tannin. minute treated, continuation of the dyeing in a predetermined time ('l25)” step, 2% to the bath dyestuff is added and dyeing continues for 60 minutes, In the step (126)”, 1% formic acid was added to the bath at the end of the process, a predetermined proportion of combined lubricant, a predetermined proportion of sulphate It is necessary to lubricate with an oil mixture consisting of a lubricant and to pre- for a specified period of time (l27)” step, 3% sulfide is added to the same bath. lubricant, 6% combined lubricant, 3% sulfate lubricant lubrication is made with an oil mixture formed and the process continues for 60 minutes, the process continues for a predetermined time( 128)” step, at the end of the process 1% formic acid was added to the bath and this process took 30 minutes, skins for a predetermined period of time by taking water at a predetermined rate. washing (l29)” step, at the end of the process, the water in the bath is poured and it is kept at 20°C. In the next step, a wet period in which the leather is stretched and dried on the frames is completed. A method (100) according to claim 18 having.

Yas bitim asamasindan sonra uygulanan bir kuru bitim islemleri asamasi içeren ve bu asamanin asagidaki adimlari içerdigi; _ Derilerin kurutulduktan sonra tavlama ve gergi islemlerinden geçirilerek finisaj hazirlanmasi(l32) Istem 28 ila 38“deki gibi bir yöntem(100) Including a dry finishing process applied after the wet finishing stage and this phase includes the following steps; _ After the leathers are dried, they are finished by annealing and stretching processes. preparation(l32) A method (100) as in claims 28 to 38

Claims

REQUIREMENTS Over the leather weight, which includes a pre-tanning process, adding sodium chloride at a predetermined rate to the water at a predetermined temperature, ensuring that it dissolves well and putting the leathers in the water and turning them together in a predetermined time(114), A predetermined amount over the leather weight By diluting the formic acid in a predetermined solid amount with water in a predetermined amount, adjusting the bath to a predetermined pH value in two parts for a predetermined time and adding polyaldehyde to the water at a predetermined rate over the skin weight and turning it over in a predetermined time(116), Over the skin weight in vegetable tanning a vegetable tanning agent in a predetermined ratio to a pre-prepared bath, another vegetable tanning agent in a predetermined ratio; In chrome tanning, adding +3 valent basic chromium sulfate tanning agent to a pre-prepared bath over the weight of leather and adding a predetermined ratio of a lubricant resistant to electrolytes to the cabinet containing vegetable or chrome-tanned leathers, and the process continues for a predetermined period of time. 17) for vegetable tanned leathers, adding formic acid at a predetermined rate over the leather weight at the end of said predetermined processing time; For chrome-tanned leathers, at the end of the predetermined processing period, the process is continued for a predetermined period by adding sodium formate and sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate over the leather weight, and the leathers are thoroughly washed after the bath is poured away from the leather(118), - Steps A fish skin processing method with a tanning stage characterized by containing (100). 2) “While vegetable tanning is being done, adding a vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate to a bath over the skin weight, another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate and a lubricant resistant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate and the process continues for a predetermined time( 117)", a method as in claim 1 where at least one of the vegetable tanning agents is combed (100) or "When chrome tanning is done, basic chromium sulphate with +3 valence is added to a bath over the weight of the leather at a predetermined rate, resistant to electrolytes at a predetermined ratio. A method (100) as in claim IS, where chromium is added in the step of adding a lubricant and the process continues for a predetermined time (I 17). In the step of adding another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate and a durable lubricant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate and the process continues for a predetermined time (l 17), 8% of the tanning agent, which is one of the vegetal tanning agents, is added to the bath over the skin weight. The request is added at 12 ratios? A method as in (100) or “Adding a predetermined proportion of chrome tanning agent to a bath over the weight of the leather, a durable lubricant to electrolytes at a predetermined and predetermined rate and continuing the process for a predetermined time(ll7)” A method (100) as in claim 27, in which the chrome tanning agent is added to the bath at the rate of 6-10% over the leather weight in the step of the skin, adding another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate and a lubricant resistant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate and the process A method (100) as in claim 3, in which 10% of combing, one of the herbal tanning agents, is added to the bath over the weight of the skin, in the step of “continuing for a certain period of time (117)”. 5) “Adding a vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate, another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate, and a lubricant resistant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate to a bath over the weight of the skin, and the process continues for a predetermined time( 1 17) A method (100) as in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, wherein at least one of the vegetable tanning agents in step "is kebraco". substance, another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate and adding a durable lubricant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate and the process continues for a predetermined time (l 17) A method (100) as in claim S1 where it is added in proportions of 4. In vegetable tanning, “Adding a vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate to a bath over the skin weight, another vegetable tanning agent at a predetermined rate, and a lubricant resistant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate, and the process continues for a predetermined time(l 17) A method (100) as in any one of the above claims, in which a lubricant resistant to electrolytes is added at the rate of 1-2% to the bath over the weight of the skin in the step ”; In chrome tanning, in the step of "Adding a predetermined amount of chrome tanning agent to a bath over the weight of the leather and a durable lubricant to electrolytes at a predetermined rate and the process continues for a predetermined time(117)", 1-2% electrolytes are added to the bath over the leather weight. A method (100) as in any one of the above claims, in which a durable lubricant is added. 8) The process continues for about 12 hours any one of 9) Any one of claims 1 to 7 for a full 12 hours. 10) In chrome tanning, the time lasts between 6 and 12 hours. 11) In vegetable tanning, in the step of “A predetermined amount of formic acid is added to the weight of the skin at the end of the period, the process continues for a predetermined time and the leather is thoroughly washed after the bath is poured (118)”. A method (100) as in any one of the above claims, in which formic acid is added at a rate of 0.8-1.2% by weight to the bath. 12) In chrome tanning, the process continues for a predetermined time by adding sodium formate and sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate over the leather weight at the end of the period, and after the bath is poured, the leather is thoroughly washed (118) in the bath over 0.5% of the leather weight. A method as in one of the above claims, in which 7 l of sodium formate and 1% to 1.5% of sodium bicarbonate are added (100) 13) In vegetable tanning, “processing in a predetermined period of time by adding formic acid at a predetermined rate over the skin weight at the end of the period. A method (100) as in claim 10, in which 1% of formic acid is added to the bath over the weight of the skin in the step of “washing the skins thoroughly after applying and pouring the bath (11 18)”. 14) The process is about 30 minutes. 16) Pre-tanning processes; it is subjected to the etching process(101), washing and cleaning by adding a predetermined amount of nonionic surfactant (wetting agent) to the water in a predetermined ratio and anionic surfactant at a predetermined ratio (102), washing and emptying the water in the cabinet (103), adding sodium sulfide at a predetermined rate over the skin weight at the temperature, treating the leathers in the cupboard for a predetermined time, removing the flakes and keratin-based proteins and soluble proteins from the skin (104), adding lime) and adding lime to the cupboard for a predetermined period of time. along and at predetermined intervals( 105), I Washing thoroughly for a predetermined time with water at a predetermined temperature by removing the calcified leathers, and cleaning the meat surfaces of the leathers (106), removing and rinsing with a weak acid salt or ammonium sulphate at a predetermined rate. don't react After a predetermined reaction time and after a predetermined period of reaction, the leathers should be treated (108), washed (109) with a proteolytic enzyme at a predetermined rate, while the bath in the leather is within a predetermined pH range, with a predetermined rate of an anionic skin degreasing agent or kerosene. Degreasing treatment by treatment in a predetermined time(11), adding emulsification of oil(11 1 1), washing with water at a predetermined rate at a predetermined temperature for a predetermined time(11 12), A method (100) as in any one of the above claims, which includes the steps of thoroughly washing with water (113). washing and cleaning by adding a predetermined amount of nonionic surfactant (wetting agent) and a predetermined amount of anionic surfactant to water in a predetermined amount (lO2)” step, the leathers taken into the leather processing cabinet are 300% over the weight of the leather. A method (100) as in claim 14, having a pre-tanning treatment step, in which the water is washed by adding 0.5% nonionic surfactant and 0.5% anionic surfactant. A method as in claim 14 or 15, which has a pre-tanning process step in which the leathers are thoroughly washed in 18°C water for 15 minutes and the water in the cabinet is emptied in the step of "washing and emptying the water in the cabinet (103)". In the step of removing the flakes, keratin-based proteins and soluble proteins from the skin by adding sodium sulfide at a predetermined rate over the skin weight at a predetermined temperature and treating the leathers in the cupboard for a predetermined time (104), in the cupboard 2 - 3 times the skin weight to 15-18° water. A method as in any one of claims 14 to 16, which has a pre-tanning treatment step, in which 1% sodium sulfide by weight of the skin is added in C, and the skins are treated in the cupboard for 2 hours and the flakes, keratin-based proteins and soluble proteins on the skin are removed from the skin ( one hundred). lime) and turning the cabinet for a predetermined time and at predetermined intervals(105)" step, in which 3% calcium hydroxide by skin weight is added to the bath and the cabinet is rotated for 30 minutes, (Total time is 48 hours. The cabinet is 10 minutes per hour. A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 17 having a pre-tanning treatment step. washing thoroughly in a specified time and cleaning the skins from the skins (106)” step, in which the calcified skins are removed and washed thoroughly with 15 7 18 °C water for 20 minutes and the meat surfaces of the skins are cleaned, a pre-tanning process is required from `14 to 18'. a method like any(100). It is taken and reacted with a weak acid salt or ammonium sulfate in a predetermined ratio and after a predetermined period of reaction, it is taken from the skin and reacted with 1-1.5% of a weak acid salt or ammonium sulphate and after 60 minutes of treatment, the lime on the skin is removed. A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 19, having a pre-tanning treatment step. Treatment of leathers with a proteolytic enzyme(108)" according to any one of claims 14 to 207 having a pretanning treatment step, wherein the leathers are treated for 60 minutes to 120 minutes with a 0.5% proteolytic enzyme while the pH of the bath is in the range of 8-9. a method like(100). A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 21, having a pre-tanning treatment step, wherein the leathers are removed from the cabinet and washed for 30 minutes with cold water in the step of "washing (109)". In the step of "(110)", the leathers are taken to the treatment cabinet and treated with an anionic leather degreasing agent or kerosene at 7% by weight for 60 minutes. A method (100) according to any one of claims 14 to 22 having a pretanning treatment step, wherein it is treated and degreased. A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 23, having a pre-tanning treatment step, in which the oil is emulsified by adding 3% sodium chloride by weight of the skin to the closet, in the step of "emulsifying the oil by adding (1 1 1)". Claim 14 with a pre-tanning treatment step, in which the leather is washed three times for 15 minutes with 300% water at 20°C containing 3% salt by weight of the skin, in the step “(12)” A method like any of the 24(100). A method (100) as in any one of claims 14 to 25, having a pre-tanning treatment step in the step of "washing (113)", where the leather is washed with water at 20°C for 15 minutes. 29) After step 118 in the tanning stage, - A method as in any of the above (100) in which the step of resting(11 19) the skins covered with a black PVC sheet for a predetermined period of time. It includes a stage of finishing processes applied immediately after the pre-tanning process and this stage includes the following steps; thinning and weighing the leathers (120), washing it for a predetermined time in the presence of a predetermined amount of anionic washing agent and a predetermined rate of oxalic acid (121) by adding sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate to the bath and leather by reacting for a predetermined time. the section is removed to a predetermined pH range(122), thoroughly washed(123), water removed and the leathers treated with a naphthalene-based synthetic tannin at a predetermined rate for a predetermined time(124), Then dyestuff at a predetermined rate into the bath and dyeing continues for a predetermined time(125), I Adding formic acid at a predetermined rate to the bath at the end of the process(126), sulphite lubricant at a predetermined rate in the same bath, combined lubricant at a predetermined rate, predetermined lubricated with an oil mixture consisting of a sulphate lubricant in a specified proportion. a and the process continues for a predetermined time(127), the process continues for a predetermined time(l28), the water in the bath is poured at the end of the process and the leathers are washed for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature, taking a predetermined rate ( 129) I Taking the leathers out of the bath and allowing them to dry properly by stretching(130) A method as in any one of the above claims(100), washing them for a predetermined time in the presence of a predetermined ratio of anionic washing agent and a predetermined ratio of oxalic acid (121)” In the next step, the skins are washed at 40°C with 250% water in the presence of 0.3% anionic washing agent and 0.5% oxalic acid for 30 minutes, by adding sodium bicarbonate at a predetermined rate and reacting for a predetermined time, bath and skin section are pre-formed. in a specified pH range (122)” step, the skins are soaked in 200% water at 35°C. by adding 1% sodium bicarbonate by adding 1% sodium bicarbonate to the bath and skin section pH is increased to 5.5 - 6.0, thoroughly washed(123)" step, leathers are thoroughly washed with 20°C water for 10 minutes, water is removed and treating the leathers with a naphthalene-based synthetic tannin at a predetermined rate for a predetermined time (124)” step, 200% water by weight of the leather is taken at 35°C and treated with a 2% naphthalene-based synthetic tannin for 30 minutes, the dyeing begins. to continue for a predetermined time (125)” step, in which 2% dyestuff is added to the bath and dyeing continues for 60 minutes, in the step “(l26)”, at the end of the process, 1% formic acid is added to the bath at a determined ratio, In the step of lubricating with an oil mixture consisting of a predetermined amount of sulfate lubricant and the process continuing for a predetermined time(l27), 3% sulfite lubricant, 6% combined oil is added to the same bath. but, in the step of “Sunna(128)”, where lubrication is made with an oil mixture consisting of 3% sulfate lubricating substance and the process continues for 60 minutes, at the end of the process, 1% formic acid is added to the bath and this process continues for 30 minutes. In the step of “washing the leathers for a predetermined period of time (129) by taking water at a predetermined rate, the water in the bath is poured out at the end of the process and the leather is dried by stretching to the frames at 20°C in 5 steps” as in claim 18. method(100). It includes a dry finishing process applied after the age stage and this stage includes the following steps; 10 _ Preparation (131) and preparation (132) of leathers for finishing by passing through annealing and stretching processes after drying is a method as in Claims 28 to 387 (100)