TR201704554A2 - AUTOMATIC CALF CUT FROM MILK FEED - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention is about the development of an automatic calf feeder that will maximize feed consumption and closely monitor daily feed consumption at an individual level with the system to be developed in intensive dairy farms, which will enable calves to be weaned at the right time, appropriate development period and economically.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD Invention, with the system to be developed in intensive dairy maximizing the consumption of food and closely monitoring the daily feed consumption at the individual level. taking the calves at the right time, appropriate development period and economically. It is about the development of automatic calf feeders that will ensure weaning. PRIOR ART Calves are the future of dairy cattle farms. at birth having healthy calves and weaning them in a healthy way Ensuring that they are slaughtered (Erez and Göncü 2011) is the most important factor for dairy cattle enterprises. constitute the subject headings that are emphasized.

One of the foremost in the ranking of problems for dairy cattle enterprises are also calf losses. Calf losses under inadequate care and feeding conditions In raising calves, which is the breeding material of the future critical processes are in question, the main purpose is to ensure that the calf is ruminant as soon as possible. that is, it gains the feature of digesting roughage (Görgülü et al. 2012).

The digestive system of a newborn calf differs from that of an adult animal. shows. Although calves have a four-part stomach from birth, All four stomachs are functional before their ability to digest concentrate and roughage is developed. I can't be. The liquids taken in this period pass into the main stomach without being in the fore stomach. (Stobo 1966). With an effective calf rearing program of this period, adult four It is intended to pass through a segmented stomach. Calf rearing program for each calf It means preparing a separate program and following it. The main topics of this program are; 0 Milk feeding program prepared for each calf - Consumption of coarse and concentrated feed 0 Can be grouped as health protection practices to be followed at every stage (Göncü et al. 2014).

After the calves are separated from their mothers in intensive dairy farms, They are then taken to individual calf huts and here until weaning. are individually monitored. In these compartments, in front of the calves This feed is consumed by adding high quality calf starter feed with milk. It is requested to start as soon as possible. However, the calf to be used in this process their feed as pellets or coarsely crushed to encourage feed eating. should be prepared (Quigley, 1987).

Calf starter feeds 18-20% crude protein, 75-80% total digestible nutrient (TSBM or TDN) or 3.11 Mcal/kg (13.0 MJ/kg) It should contain metabolic energy (ME) and the crude cellulose ratio should be 10-15% at most.

Calf starter feeds should not contain urea. Urea, up to 6 months of age Not suitable for calves. Calf starter feeds are given freely to the calf. Fresh, clean and constantly available. In calf starter feeds mainly as feed ingredients; coarsely crushed corn, crushed oats, barley, sorghum, preferably soybean meal, if not available cotton, sunflower, linseed alfalfa meal, molasses, dicalcium phosphate or bone meal, salt, vitamin A, D, E and mineral mixtures (calcium, phosphorus, trace minerals and selenium) can be found. Good quality alfalfa hay or legume for calf - wheatgrass hay It is recommended to consider the mixtures from the second week as well. Dry weed, Green leaves and high quality should be preferred in terms of encouraging feed consumption.

However, since rumen development in calves is based on concentrated feed, should be given first and its consumption should be encouraged (Görgülü, 2016).

Romanian Development in the Calf The rumen is not developed in newborn calves and the main stomach part is plain. (abomasum) (Heinrichs, 2007; Görgülü, 2002). your calves in a healthy way weaning, calves' ability to consume sufficient forage and concentrate, and development of rumen (rumen) at a level that can benefit from them. possible with the provision. If the calves do not take solid feed, they continue to receive milk. If they do, there is no rumen development (Cozzi et al. 2002). Because the calf drinks milk When the esophageal trough reflex is activated, the milk is directly discharged. makes it go. This reflex is mainly due to milk, which is a very high quality food. It is an interesting mechanism that protects it from being fermented in the rumen.

At birth, 60% of the total stomach complex is normal, 20% is from the rumen. At the age of 3-4 months, 60-65% of the total stomach complex volume comes from the rumen. and only 20% consists of ordinary. In adult animals, the rumen capacity increases to °/080, while the normal capacity decreases to 8-10%(Heinrichs, 2007) Success in calf rearing; 0 Dry period feeding (prenatal nutrition), 0 The cleanliness and hygiene of the delivery room, - Colostrum feeding, o Pre-weaning feeding is effective (Göncü, 2013).

Evaluation of rearing performance in dairy cattle farms The most important thing to be taken into consideration is the milk rather than the calf born. is the number of slaughtered calves. The highest mortality rate in dairy cattle The period is before weaning. Therefore, calves from weaning to weaning utmost care in feeding, sheltering and managing (Göncü et al. 2014).

Developmental stages of the digestive system in calves; 1. Pre-ruminant (non-ruminant period) (0-3 weeks) 2. Transition Period (3-8 weeks) 3. Ruminant Period (>8 weeks) When the development of the digestive system in calves is evaluated, weaning nutrients, as calves are not fully ruminated until slaughter. This issue should be taken into account in meeting and feeding its needs. should be taken (Görgülü, 2002).

Care-Feeding of Calves Before Weaning To ensure that newly born calves continue their lives in a healthy way. solid feeds (calf starter feed and quality roughage) when it reaches the size or age that can continue its life by consuming and digesting but it can be weaned. In practices around the world, in dairy farms, The age of the calf in weaning of the calves, the duration of milk drinking, the amount of milk consumed, factors such as the calf's live weight and the amount of solid feed consumed by the calf. is taken into account. However, the weighted application is related to the duration of milk drinking (age). use of calf solid feed (calf starter feed) consumption amount is in the direction. In applications that take age into account in calves, generally 8 weeks Weaning is based on the duration, but also on the basis of 4-6 weeks. can be done. Initial weaning (4-6 weeks) to calves feed quality and housing conditions and other hygienic conditions (feeder, drinker, milk) One should be more careful about the observance of drinking cups (Göncü, 2013).

If the calves take a large amount of milk for a long time, their solid feed consumption Since they will fall, their front stomachs (tripe, kirkbayir and borkenek) cannot develop. drinking milk prolongation of the duration of the rumen epithelial negatively affect its development. Therefore good quality calf from day 4 starter feed should be kept in front of the calf. This is the rumen volume and It helps the calf to be ruminant in a short time by stimulating the development of the epithelium. provides (Warner et al. 1956).

Calf starter feed is always fresh and clean in front of the calf. should be kept. However, too much calf starter feeds are added to the feeders. It should not be allowed to pile up, get dirty and go stale. From weaning to weaning Since the rumen is not fully functional, roughage is not mandatory (Patel 5-10% good quality ground hay can be added to the feed. This is too much It prevents acidosis and swelling events that can be encountered in calves consuming concentrated feed. The best dried herbs that can be recommended are meadow grass and alfalfa hay. rumen epithelium When the feeds given to the calves are evaluated in terms of effect on the development of feed>roughage>milk.

The effect of roughage on epithelial development is less than that of concentrated feed. However It may contribute to the expansion and contraction of the rumen (Josefsen et al. et al.1996). Effect of solid feeds on rumen epithelial tissue development, fermentation It is due to the volatile fatty acids that occur during These fatty acids acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid. Rumen epithelial development is the most When sorting is done from the increaser; these fatty acids are butyric acid>propionic acid can consume starter feed. Average calves before weaning In practical conditions, alfalfa hay and calf in 8-week feeding programs average in feeding programs in which initial feed is given separately and freely. starter feed 0.8-1 kg/day dry grass consumption is 0.1- 0.2 kg/day is taking place.

calf shelters Environmental conditions are very important in calf care and it is necessary to meet the demands of the calf. matching is essential. Calf kennels and individual tracking calves here It is a great advantage in terms of performance and biosecurity measures.

Calf huts provide biosecurity and calf performance monitoring. It is a shelter model that stands out with its advantages. The best of a calf hut The important component is the feeders. Feeders for calf's daily roughage and concentrate different shape (round, square, rectangular), material to meet your needs (Wood, galvanized sheet, plastic, fiberglass) and types manufactured with specifications available in the market.

These feeders provide feed for calves. However, some uses There are bugs available: 1. Mangers are open to external conditions such as rain, wind, sun 2. Labor force even if only the manger tops are closed in bad environmental conditions requires.

Roofing on the huts requires serious costs.

They are difficult to clean and disinfect.

Labor use is high in feed filling and unloading. 93.01??? The possibility of molding and worming of the feeds remaining on the manger floor high 7. Feed weighing and measuring is time consuming and difficult. 8. It is not possible to monitor the feed consumption of calves daily. 9. It is possible to collect and reuse the remaining feed in the feeders cannot be.

.Feeds left in the manger are at risk of disease transmission or mold or other residue cannot be used due to risk.

Calves consume roughage and concentrate and liquid feed. Negative environmental impact of mangers used in individual calf compartments in farms. conditions must be preserved. Otherwise, calf feed consumption monitoring and Due to feed losses, serious problems can be experienced in the business. This feeders from very simple bucket system to electronically equipped feeding system Varieties that vary as much as possible find buyers at different prices in the market. Full Automated feeding systems are also available, and in large-scale enterprises works depending on automation systems. Group enlargement working conditions.

Automatic calf feeding units available in the market, animal identification and Integrated software to control important parameters accurately and reliably requires. With the automatic calf feeder to be developed within the scope of this project, it will be able to work in small-scale farms and without requiring very advanced software.

However, following the daily feed consumption of calves, calf performance monitoring and Weaning time is the most important criterion in determining the time. Therefore, calf feed Daily monitoring of consumption is very important.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This project is aimed at individual individuals in the pre-weaning period in intensive farms. aims to close the automated system gap in feeding.

The system to be developed maximizes feed consumption and closely monitors, calves are weaned at the right time, appropriate development period and economically. cutting is possible.

In this way, it is possible to monitor the daily feed consumption of calves, daily feed consumption in terms of performance monitoring and weaning time. In order to reduce calf losses and increase profitability with feeder design.

The manger to be developed within the scope of this project - Individual calf feed consumption tracking, - Determination of daily feed consumption, 0 Elimination of feed losses due to external conditions, o Elimination of catching a food-related infectious disease, - When a calf consumes more than 700 g of feed for 3 consecutive days enabling the decision of weaning to be made, - It differs from today's feeders by improving feed quality. MEANING OF THE SHAPES Figure 1. Manger detail Correspondence of the numbers given in the figures: Manger Weight Sensor Software Digital Display Manger Hanger NFDS-"PFUNTL Volume Indicator DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention is based on individual data in the pre-weaning period in intensive farms. It aims to close the automated system gap in feeding. This For this reason, portable scale and automatic consumption to be used in calf huts The manger (1) with the indicator has been developed.

According to the capacity of the feeder (1) and the characteristics of the feed to be used, the most system using a two-legged Ioadcell (weight sensor) (2) and the appropriate mounting kit. has been weighed. Weight sensor (2) aluminum or stainless steel from the material; The mounting kit is also made of galvanized or stainless steel material. has been produced. The digital display is LED & LCD. Also in the system, the printer (6), volume indicator (7) and R8232 digital data transfer output are also available. digital display (4) works for 96 hours with 9V adapter and battery. With weight sensors (2) precision balances created, via the digital display (4); graphically the change in the amount of feed based on time and includes a software (3) that calculates the time of change. Thus how much It is possible to show how much feed is consumed in a period of time.

All kinds of feed to be given to the animals, in the computerized monitoring system. will be kept on record. When the feed is to be given to the animals, the R8232 numerical data It is transferred by mangers (1) containing outgoing scales and the weight on the scales The start and end times of the changes and the decreased feed amount are desired. daily feeding behavior of animals, software (3) are converted into numerical data. kept in the system in this way for animals, the duration of each meal, the amount of feed consumed in the meal, between meals time, the order in which the feed is taken by the animal, at certain times of the day Information about the rations created can be produced. The software contained in the invention Feed consumption of a calf over 700 g for 3 consecutive days through Based on the determination of the ideal weaning time, Calculation and weaning decision when calf should be is allowed to be given.

This manger consists of the following parts. 0 Feeder hanger (5): For mounting on the fence bar of the calf hut is used. 0 Feeder (1): TMR (Total Mixed Ratio - Full Feed) or concentrate the person to whom the oath is to be taken. Measuring the oath to be placed will show the scale lines and the amount in it is designed in this way. o Weight Sensors (2): Automatic weighing in the Feeder (1) The weighing of the amount in it will be done with the sensors and electronic can be viewed on the indicator. The date the oath was taken and the oath (3) information on the software that will allow monitoring of the amount consumed is transferring.

- Feed tray: It is the part in the feed tank where the feed will be poured. The calf will always be able to find fresh and clean feed on this tray.

Use in calves Animal trials of the invention, Ç.Ü. Faculty of Agriculture, Dairy Farming who were in the Research Application Unit, who gave birth in 2016 different aged Holstein cows. In this establishment, cows are born. He was taken to the delivery room 1 week before giving birth and 3 days after birth. They were kept under surveillance in these compartments until now. During this time calves drank their own mother's colostrum from the bottle as a control and calves 6% of body weight within 1 hour after birth, 24 hours in a way to take colostrum up to 10% of its live weight. has been fed. During the first three days, calves are in front of their mother's maternity chamber. They were kept in individual calf huts after the 3rd day.

Calves were kept in individual compartments until weaning.

Calves were divided into two groups as experimental and control groups. Normal feeders were used in the control group. In the experimental group, the invention The mangers (1) developed within the scope of the study were used.

Within the scope of this study, 3 consecutive days were taken for the weaning decision of the calves. determined by daily feed monitoring. In this process, calves also, from the 4th day from calf starter feed (18% HP, 2800 Kcal ME) and ground alfalfa They took the dried herb separately and freely. Feed of control group calves In order to determine the consumption, the tare of the containers in front of the calves was taken, The containers are filled and fortified and concentrated fodder consumed by weighing every two weeks. quantities have not been determined. The experimental group is followed by the indicator on a daily basis. has been made.

Each item recorded in the computerized monitoring system and given to the animals feed, with feeders consisting of electronic scales with R8232 digital data output (1) given and decreasing with the start and end times of the weight changes on the scales Daily feeding of animals by recording the amount of feed at desired intervals. their behavior has been transformed into numerical data. kept in the system in this way for animals, the duration of each meal, the amount of feed consumed in the meal, between meals time, the order in which the baits are taken by the pestle, Information about the rations could be produced.

Claims (1)

REQUIREMENTS It is an automatic calf weaning feeder and its feature is; The start and end times of the weight changes in the scales and the amount of decreased feed are recorded at the desired intervals, and the R232 digital data output, which contains at least two-footed weight sensor (2) and will act as a scale, in order to convert the daily feeding behavior of the animals into numerical data, will enable the measurement of the feed to be put and the feed in it. feeder with scale lines to show the amount of food (1), a software that graphically calculates the change in the amount of feed based on time and the time of the change in feed, and allows it to be determined that a calf consumes more than 700 g of feed for 3 consecutive days (3), It is characterized by having a digital display (4), manger hanger (5), printer (6) and volume indicator (7), showing the change and the time of the change.