TR201607052A2 - - Google Patents

Abstract

In internal combustion engines, the valve plate (71), which controls the entry of fuel and air mixture or only air into the combustion chamber and the exit of the burnt exhaust gas by moving in a bidirectional manner within a body (6), applies force to keep the valve plate (71) in the same position continuously. It is an intake / exhaust valve (1) having at least one piezoelectric block (21) made of piezoelectric material that realizes the movement of the valve plate (71) by overcoming the force applied by the drive element (8) and said drive element (8), and it is characterized in that; At least one primary piston (4) transmitting the motion received from the said piezoelectric block (21), a small area with a lower area as pressure force by means of the hydraulic fluid (61a) in the movement coming from the said primary piston (4) through the large diameter neck (A). At least one hydraulic chamber (61) that applies through the diameter neck (B) comprises a control unit (3) that provides the desired amount of elongation and thus the drive by applying a predetermined amount of electrical potential to the said piezoelectric block (21) according to the speed of the engine.

Description

specification Piezoelectric Block Driven Intake I Exhaust Valve Technical Area The invention is based on the mixture of fuel and air in internal combustion engines or simply the combustion of air in the combustion chamber. opening and closing of the intake/exhaust valves that control the inlet and the exit of the burnt exhaust gas. It is about a design that can make the closing timings variable.

The invention `particularly as a source of drive, different from conventional cam mechanisms. using a block made of piezoelectric material consisting of layers in the form of plates and magnifying the movement it receives from the piezoelectric block with a stepped hydraulic system and at the same time It is related to a design that can make the opening and closing timings of the exhaust valves variable.

State of the Art Valves are generally operated up-down or forward-and-backward in a certain direction with the help of a spring. They are the elements that regulate the transition of a fluid from one place to another by making movements. In many areas One of the most common usage areas of valves we can come across is internal combustion engines.

Intake and exhaust valves used in engines allow the mixture of fuel and air or air only. They control the entry into the combustion chamber and the exit of the burnt exhaust gas. normal conditions The valves, which are in the closed position by pressing a spring underneath, are mechanically forced to open. They are driven by the cam or cams on the moving camshaft. 2013/13298 and described in the patent application entitled 'Variable timing cam with curvilinear surface'. With its shape, camshafts transmit the cyclic movement they make to the valves by means of cams, allowing them to open. they provide.

In cam systems, the valve opening and closing times and the amount of lift or stroke Since the adjustment is carried out mechanically with a single conventional cam, the change in engine speed is According to this, there is no change in the timing and lift amounts, and this is the filling at different revolutions. can reduce its efficiency. In addition to this, the mechanical system is the direct interaction of the elements over each other. Since it has to move in contact, it also causes wear and fatigue problems.

Many different techniques have been tried to overcome these problems of classical cam mechanisms.

Most of these techniques, which we can classify as gradually variable and continuously variable, are mechanical, some of them are electro-mechanical or electro-hydraulic systems. However, the progressively variable ones Some of the ones that are constantly variable, which they can not provide continuous variability anyway, disable the variability. realized in a form dependent on its own geometry, not in a connected optimized form, some of them are widely used because they cause adaptation problems at high speeds. they could not find.

In the current art, camshafts are used in some applications, especially in internal combustion engine applications. As an alternative to the systems, piezoelectric material is used for valve drive. piezoelectric Special materials are materials that generate an electric field or electric potential when under mechanical influence. kind of materials. Likewise, the reverse is possible, and such materials have electric potential. When applied, it can make an elongation movement. This elongation movement is driven under certain conditions. It can also be used as a source. Another feature of piezoelectric materials is very high frequency and they can do this on-off movement thousands of times per second. These two features determined by a control unit of piezoelectric materials depending on the engine speed. It allows it to create the on-off timing that gives filling efficiency.

As a drive source as mentioned in the Austrian patent document AT29553 Valve configuration using piezoelectric control element is explained. The said configuration Depending on the expansion in the piezoelectric control element in internal combustion engines, It is the driving mechanism that regulates the opening and closing movement of the valve in a controlled manner. However, the propulsion In the mechanism, the stroke extension is performed with the well-known rocker mechanism, that is, mechanically. is being done. For this reason, as mentioned above, besides wear and fatigue problems, Piezoelectric material is also used in the document. In this invention, piezoelectric material is contained in a driver and piezoelectric driven displacement of the driver movement occurs at a certain ultrasonic vibration level. This is like the other It is an electromechanical system.

Another application is the patent application of Chinese origin with the number CN103953415A. Aforementioned The system includes a single-stage structure. Structure that occupies a larger volume in size has. It contains design difficulties in the engine head.

The amount of elongation that occurs when an electric potential is applied to piezoelectric materials, the valve not enough to move it. For this reason, as explained above, this movement Mechanical mechanisms are used to increase However, due to latency and sensitivity limitations Therefore, high yields cannot be obtained. Without losing and increasing the piezoelectric drive Transferring it to the valve plate is one of the most important problems. Using hydraulic fluid for this As a result, unlike conventional cam mechanisms, piezoelectricity as a drive source is used. It uses a block made of material and takes it from the piezoelectric block with a double-stage hydraulic system. Existence and need for intake I exhaust valves that increase the amount of translational movement The inadequacy of the solutions made it necessary to make an improvement in the related technical field.

Purpose of the Invention The present invention meets the above-mentioned requirements, ie engine speed in particular. Infinite intake / exhaust valve opening-closing variation according to all kinds of engine parameters It is about a system that can provide

The main purpose of the intake I exhaust valve, which is the subject of the invention; as a valve propulsion element the use of a block made of piezoelectric material and the actuation of the piston from the said block. It is increased by using hydraulic fluid with the system. In this way, piezoelectric materials are desired. By taking advantage of the ability to turn on-off at any time and at any desired engine speed, The closing timing can be changed with infinite flexibility according to the desired parameter, as well as the The high lift of all existing valve actuation systems can be achieved by reaching the required lift lengths. All problems are eliminated, including working in cycles. This is from the engine at every rev. It means obtaining the highest possible power. so that the engine can achieve the same power The mechanical efficiency of the engine, and therefore the overall efficiency, can also be increased, since it can operate at a lower speed for increasing. Thanks to the developed mechanism, there is no need to use the throttle, In engines, the losses of the intake and exhaust processes (pumping) are reduced and therefore the thermal the overall yield increases once again. Another contribution that increases the overall efficiency of the engine is this invention. Since the effective compression ratio of the engine can be changed, the average thermodynamic efficiency will increase.

Another purpose of the invention is; by contacting the step pistons in the rooms where hydraulic fluids are present. Thanks to the fact that the A surfaces from which the drive is taken are wider than the B surfaces from which the drive is given. is the transfer of the elongation amount of the piezoelectric block to the valve by magnifying it. In this way, 30-60 microns An elongation of the order of 5-12 is required for valves with the selection of appropriate piston surface areas. It can be converted to a valve lift amount in mm. In this invention, two-stage The purpose of using magnification is to use this system as piezoelectric magnification, which is still widely used. to be able to design injectors in their dimensions and thus benefit from their production technology to produce the system cheaply. Depending on the valve stem diameter, a typical automobile A typical system of the system is used with AIB=4I1 ratio in both magnification stages. It will be possible to obtain injector sizes.

Another object of the invention is; valve opening at different engine speeds thanks to the control unit is to determine the parameters and adjust them continuously according to that circuit. While doing this, more by applying electric potential to the piezoelectric block in the direction of predetermined values. elongation and therefore the amount of drive is adjusted momentarily. In this way, the highest filling efficiency can be guaranteed. In addition, compression and expansion ratios in engines are freely Since it can be adjusted, it is recommended that they be designed at constant and low compression ratios for fear of knocking. can be avoided. The motors are at the highest possible compression ratio according to the operating conditions. they will be able to work. This will be another factor that provides the highest thermodynamic efficiency increase.

Another purpose of the invention; a sheath of a piezoelectric block made of an electrically conductive material ensuring that the electric potential is applied equally to every point by keeping it in is to provide. This is completely due to the elongation property of the piezoelectric material. It makes it possible to benefit from it and to eliminate possible losses.

Another purpose of the invention is; The package containing the piezoelectric block is made of electrically insulating material. It is produced to prevent electrical losses and fully fulfill the task of the blog. is to ensure its delivery.

Another purpose of the invention is; using a drive element such as a spring, as in existing systems. It is to ensure that the valve plate is always closed. Closing in this section By making the process faster and more serial, the decrease in engine efficiency is prevented.

Another object of the invention is; elongation thanks to the buffer located at one end of the piezoelectric block is to ensure that the movement is carried out in only one direction. Thus, the propulsion can be given in the desired direction.

Another object of the invention is; Chinese patent application number CN103953415A single stage structure and the said invention has a double-stage structure. In addition, thanks to the two levels contains a narrow section.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purposes in the most general form, it is possible to use conventional cam mechanisms. using a block made of piezoelectric material as a drive source in a different way and double-stage Intake and exhaust valve, which increases the movement it receives from the piezoelectric block with the hydraulic system, has been developed.

Developed intake/exhaust valve; a body moves in a bidirectional manner, with fuel and air mixture or just the air entering the combustion chamber and the exit of the burnt exhaust gas. the valve plate that controls the force so that the valve plate stays in the same position all the time. The actuating element, which applies the actuating element, overcomes the force exerted by the actuating element and causes the movement of the valve plate. at least one piezoelectric block made of piezoelectric material at least one primary piston transmitting the motion it receives, It has a lower area as a pressure force through the hydraulic fluid in its movement. at least one hydraulic chamber, which applies through the small diameter throat, to the piezoelectric block to the engine speed Desire by applying electric potential at predetermined times and amounts according to It contains a control unit that provides the desired amount of elongation and thus propulsion.

The structural and characteristic features of the invention and all its advantages are referred to the following figures and these figures. It will be understood more clearly thanks to the detailed explanation written with references and this For this reason, the evaluation should be made by considering these figures and detailed explanation. required.

Figures to Help Understand the Invention The structuring of the present invention and the best understanding of its advantages with additional elements should be evaluated together with the figures explained below.

Figure- 1: Piezoelectric triggered intake/exhaust valve and hydraulic movement, which is the subject of the invention This is a cross-sectional view of the magnification mechanisms.

Part References Intake / exhaust valve 2 Piezoelectric actuator body 21 Piezoelectric block 22 Electrification cover 23 Buffering base 24 Electrical insulator 3 Control unit 4 Primary piston secondary piston .1 Narrow section .2 Wide section 6 Body 61 Hydraulic chamber 61a Hydraulic fluid 7 valve stem 71 Valve plate drive element pressure balancing chamber 91 Compressed gas 92 Pressure balancing fluid 93 Balancing chamber plug A Large bore throat B Small diameter throat Detailed Description of the Invention Bidirectional movement in a body (6) in internal combustion engines of the present technique. by allowing a mixture of fuel and air or just air to enter the combustion chamber and burnt The valve plate (71), which controls the exhaust gas outlet, is constantly aligned with the valve plate (71). the actuating element (8) and said actuating element (8) piezoelectric power that performs the movement of the valve plate (71) by overcoming the force it applies. Intake / exhaust valves (1) containing at least one piezoelectric block (21) made of material are available. In the developed invention, unlike the known applications, in the most general form At least one primary piston (4) transmitting the motion it receives from the piezoelectric block (21) through the hydraulic fluid (61a) in its movement from the large diameter throat (A) At least one pressure force exerted over the smaller diameter throat (B) with a lower area hydraulic chamber (61) and piezoelectric block (21) By applying large amounts of electric potential, the desired amount of elongation and hence propulsion is obtained. There is a control unit (3) that provides

In Figure 1, the piezoelectric triggered intake i' exhaust valve (1) and hydraulic movement, which is the subject of the invention section view of the magnifier (6) is shown. In the preferred embodiment of the invention The piezoelectric block (21) wraps itself in electrical potential, which mediates its supply with electric potential. electrification made of conductive material and its extensions inserted between the piezoelectric layers It is positioned in the sheath (22). Around the electrification sheath (22) insulator (24) with piezoelectric block (21), electrification sheath (22) and electrical insulator (24) There is a piezoelectric actuator body (2) that serves as a support and protection.

The electrical insulator (24) is made of material with this feature and is covered by the electrification sheath. (22) prevents possible leaks to the piezoelectric actuator body made of high quality steel.

Piezoelectric block (21) inside the piezoelectric actuator body (2) from at least one direction The cushioning base (23) is positioned to limit its movement in that direction.

The cushioning base (23) can be composed of hydraulic or mechanical elements as well as the piezoelectric block. (21) prevents it from extending in that direction. Piezoelectric block (21) directly to control unit (3) It is connected and elongates in proportion to the electric charge directed from the control unit (3). can do. Said intake / exhaust valve mechanism (1) is a variable driven structure. contains.

The piezoelectric actuator body (2) is directly connected to the body (6) where the hydraulic chambers (61) are located. is in condition. The piezoelectric block 21 is in contact with the primary piston 4 and pushes the elongation action. applies it as a force. The primary piston (4) is in contact over the large bore throat (A). Since the hydraulic fluid in the hydraulic chamber (61) is incompressible, the flow from the primary piston (4) cross-section of the throats from the large diameter throat (A) to the small diameter throat (B) with a narrower cross-section It transfers the fields as a proportionally magnified movement. Large in preferred configuration There is a ratio of one to four between the diameter of the throat (A) diameter and the diameter of the small diameter throat (B). It is a ratio compatible with piezoelectric motor applications. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the second There is a hydraulic chamber (61) and a small diameter throat (B) by providing force transmission between them. secondary, which transfers the pressure applied over the larger throat (A) There is a piston (5). In this state, the secondary piston (5) resembles a T shape. Hydraulic chamber (61) with valve stem (7) with small bore throat (B) not in contact with primary piston (4) or secondary piston (5) is connected and exerts force while under pressure. The valve formed on the valve stem (7) As mentioned above, the tray (71) is located at the entrance of the combustion chamber to ensure that the fuel and air mixture or it only controls the inlet of air and the outlet of the burnt exhaust gas. preferably spring The driving element (8), which is in the form of a pusher element, must remain in the same position all the time. For this purpose, the valve stem (7) and therefore the valve plate (71) continuously apply a forced force. Promise said hydraulic chamber (61); tapered from large diameter throat (A) to small diameter throat (B) it has structure. Likewise, in the secondary piston (5); a structure extending from narrow section (5.1) to wide section (5.2) has.

When a certain engine speed is reached, the most suitable opening time control unit (3) It can be read from the memory via the piezoelectric block (21) A current is applied over the electrification shield (22). Approximately 5 - 8 cm long The piezoelectric block (21) can be extended by 30 - 40 microns under current due to material properties.

Due to the cushioning base (23) formed inside the piezoelectric actuator body (2) The piezoelectric block (21) cannot extend upwards and naturally the lower primary piston (4) approximately 30 - 40 microns. The primary piston (4) is in the hydraulic chamber to which it is connected. the large diameter throat (A) has four times the diameter of the small diameter throat (B) to which the pressure is applied due to the elongation movement is increased exponentially. Displaced hydraulic fluid (61a) the volume of the primary piston (4) is proportional to the 'diameter squared x thrust distance' 16 times the distance pushed, that is, 480-640 microns of movement is given. T-shaped secondary piston (5) from the large diameter throat (A) which it is in contact with the other hydraulic chamber (61) and the small diameter throat (B). if it has four times the diameter, the movement is once again increased by 16 times, giving a total of 7680 This is a sufficient lift distance for the table (71). Electric potential from piezoelectric block (21) there is no elongation when it is pulled and the valve plate (71) is restored to its original state by the action of the driving element (8). is returning.

When the secondary piston (5) is pushed down, a vacuum is created in its upper part. Further work of this vacuum Some mechanical disturbances such as cavitation occur in the stages of production and especially at high speeds. possible. To prevent this, the system is equipped with a pressure balancing chamber (9).

Pressure from the inlet closed by the balancing chamber plug (93) while the system is running Compressed gas (91) compressed into the balancing chamber (9), the secondary piston (5) downwards In order to prevent the vacuum that will occur when it moves, use the pressure balancing liquid (92) under it. It sends it to the space to be created by the piston through the hydraulic connection channels (94) and vacuum prevents its occurrence. The secondary piston (5) has its own weight and is under gas pressure from above. Since there is no movement required from the system, it moves downwards with the effect of these forces. When the drive element (8) presses the valve plate (71) into its seat, these two force should be slightly more 'pre-tension force'.

Piezoelectric Block Driven Intake I Exhaust Valve In internal combustion engines, it moves bidirectionally in a body (6) with fuel and air. mixture or just the air entering the combustion chamber and the exit of the burnt exhaust gas. The controlling valve plate (71) is used to keep the valve plate (71) in the same position at all times. by overcoming the force exerted by the driving element (8) and said driving element (8). At least one piece made of piezoelectric material that performs the movement of the valve plate (71). It is an intake / exhaust valve (1) with piezoelectric block (21) and its feature is; said piezoelectric at least one primary piston (4) transmitting the motion it receives from the block (21) is larger than said primary piston (4) pressure through the hydraulic fluid (61a) in its movement coming from the diameter throat (A) at least one force exerted over the small diameter throat (B) with a lower area hydraulic chamber (61), said piezoelectric block (21) by applying specified amounts of electric potential, the desired amount of elongation and hence It contains a control unit (3) that provides the drive.

Claims (4)

REQUIREMENTS In internal combustion engines, the valve plate (71), which moves bidirectionally in a body (6) and controls the entry of fuel and air or just the air into the combustion chamber and the exit of the burned exhaust gas, is a force to keep the valve plate (71) in the same position continuously. It is an intake and exhaust valve (1) comprising at least one piezoelectric block (21) made of piezoelectric material, which performs the movement of the valve plate (71) by overcoming the force exerted by the driving element (8) applying the driving element (8) and its feature; - at least one primary piston (4) transmitting the movement it receives from said piezoelectric block (21), - smaller diameter as pressure force through hydraulic fluid (61a) in its movement from said primary piston (4) over large diameter throat (A) hydraulic chamber (61), which applies it over the throat (B), - in case the said hydraulic chamber (61) is used more than once, by positioning between them, the pressure it receives over the small-diameter throat (B) is at least, the movement of which proceeds over the larger large-diameter throat (A) secondary piston (5), - electrical insulator (24) constructed around said piezoelectric block (21) - piezoelectric actuator body (2) constructed on said piezoelectric block (21) and electrical insulator (24) - connected to said piezoelectric block (21) of the motor It includes a control unit (3) that provides the desired amount of elongation and thus propulsion by applying pre-determined amounts of electric potential according to the revolution. inherited. It is an intake I exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; It is an intake/exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is to keep the ratio of one to four between the diameter of the said large-diameter throat (A) and the diameter of the small-diameter throat (B) constant; it contains a hydraulic chamber (61) with a conical structure extending from the said large diameter throat (A) to the small diameter throat (B). It is an intake I exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; from the narrow section (5. 1) wide section (5. 2) includes a secondary piston (5) with an extending structure. It is an intake / exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; it comprises at least one electrification sheath (22) made of electrically conductive material that wraps the said piezoelectric block (21) and mediates its supply with electrical potential. It is an intake / exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; at least one cushioning base (21) on which said piezoelectric block (21) rests from at least one direction and its movement is limited in that direction. 3) it contains. It is an intake / exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; it contains a valve stem (7) that transmits the pressure force coming from the hydraulic chamber (61) by connecting to the said valve plate (71). It is an intake I exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; said driving element (8) is a spring. It is an intake and exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; said intake and exhaust valve mechanism (1) includes a variable driven structure. It is an intake / exhaust valve mechanism (1) according to claim 1, and its feature is; It contains a pressure balancing chamber (9) that prevents the formation of cavitation-type mechanical devices at high speeds. It is an intake and exhaust valve mechanism (1) in accordance with claim 10, and its feature is; Compressed gas (91), balancing chamber plug (93) compressed into the said pressure balancing chamber (9), and pressure balancing liquid (92) that sends it to the space to be formed by the piston and prevents the formation of vacuum, and hydraulic connection channels (9 4) is included.