TH6428C3 - Four-step method for producing gas from biomass fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

DC60 This invention involves a four-stage gas-fired biomass-fueled gas-fired method using a large amount of biomass or post-harvest agricultural waste to be recycled. By turning it into a gas for use as Fuel to generate electricity and / or heat By using heat in four separate tanks. Each reactor is The distillation process decomposes at low temperature. Combustion stage Distillation process High temperature decomposition And gasification process And there is a temperature control in the making Reaction to gas in each process properly. The thermal energy from various stages is circulated for use in the four stages of the heating of biomass fuel gas production, solving the ash melting problem. And can be used instead of gas Fossil oil has a part. The invention also reduces the need for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to shorten the furnace. And can control the carbon level constant at all times, thus controlling the gas to flow through the charcoal layer at full cross-sectional area of the charcoal layer The resulting gas has Higher and consistent quality For continuous and highly stable operation, it enables continuous power generation without cutting off protection devices from the utility power grid and when the capacity is expanded. The cost of producing machinery was not as high as the proportions, the invention involved a four-stage method of producing gas from biomass fuels using large amounts of biomass or post-harvest agricultural waste. To bring back and use again to benefit By turning it into a gas for use as Fuel to generate electricity and / or heat By using heat in four separate tanks. Each reactor is The distillation process decomposes at low temperature. Combustion stage Distillation process High temperature decomposition And gasification process And there is a temperature control in the making Reaction to gas in each process properly. The thermal energy from various stages is circulated for use in the four stages of the heating of biomass fuel gas production, solving the ash melting problem. And can be used instead of gas Fossil oil has a part. The invention also reduces the need for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) to shorten the furnace. And can control the carbon level constant at all times, thus controlling the gas to flow through the charcoal layer at full cross-sectional area of the charcoal layer The resulting gas has Higher and consistent quality For continuous and highly stable operation, it enables continuous power generation without cutting off protection devices from the utility power grid and when the capacity is expanded. The cost of manufacturing machinery is not as high as the proportion.

Claims (7)

1. Four-stage heating method for producing gas from biomass fuel According to this invention It consists of four main steps: the first is the low temperature decomposition (A) phase, the second is the combustion stage (B), the third is the high temperature decomposition (C) stage. ) And the fourth is the gasification (D) stage, the first is the low-temperature decomposition (A) phase, which consists of a continuous device: a storage tank (1) for Feeder screw (2) Anti-gas reflux valve (3) Screw conveyor (4) Flame nozzle (5) Low temperature decomposition chamber (6) Stirrer (7) Baffle (8) Air distribution chamber (9) Gas conveying tube (10) Conveying tube (11) In the second stage is the combustion stage (B) consisting of a continuous working device: a high speed air nozzle (12), a conveying pipe (13), the isthmus of Cone (14) cone (15) combustion chamber (16) sprayer nozzle (17) conveying tube (18) conveying tube (19) conveying tube (20) in the third stage is the distillation stage, high temperature breakdown ( C) It consists of devices that are continuously operating: the distillation chamber (21), the conveying tube (22), the upper carbon level monitor (23), the lower battery level monitor (24) and the fourth stage. Is the gas (D) process consisting of devices that are running continuously. Such as furnace sludge (25) gas discharge chamber (26) ash relief valve (27) conveying pipe (28) eddy chamber (29) heat exchanger (30) pipe (31) dust filter chamber (32) suction fan ( 33) transport tubes (34), gas storage tanks and pressure regulators (35), transport tubes (36) and gas engines and electric generators (37), respectively. Before entering the process according to the main steps To prepare biomass Or waste materials Agriculture with dimensions of width x length x15 mm and humidity of not more than 15% to be used as fuel in the amount of 1.2-1.8 kg / 1 kWh (or 1 unit of electricity) which will produce gas in the amount of 1.8-2.4 cubic meters. / 1 power unit transported up and stored in a storage tank with sufficient volume for continuous feeding. Step one Is the process of low temperature pyrolysis (A) feed biomass or agricultural waste from the storage tank (1) with a screw feeder (2) continuously to the anti-reflux valve ( 3) After that, the biomass is transported by a screw conveyor (4) into the low temperature decomposition chamber (6) by moving forward in a mix with agitator agitator (7) mounted to the shaft. Rotates horizontally and biomass can be transported along the axis of rotation. Before passing the baffle (8) out of this room, proceed to the next step. By default, it relies on the heat from the spray nozzle (5), which takes 30 minutes until the temperature in the distillation chamber decomposes at low temperature (6) to 400-500 degrees Celsius will cut off the nozzle. (5) The heat from the combustion of biomass to hot air is used, the heat exchanger comes from step 4 (d) is added from the air distribution chamber (9) located at the bottom of the distillation chamber. Decomposed at low temperature (6) at temperature 200-300 degrees Celsius, which in this section contains 7.5-15% of the air used in complete combustion. Biomass at the bottom in the distillation chamber decomposes at low temperatures (6) exposed to air will ignite and rise to temperature. The agitator is responsible for scooping this higher temperature biomass into the lower temperature biomass above. At the same time, the back of the biomass agitator leaves a gap. Causing a new set of biomass at the top to flow into the space below and contact with the Akasha A new batch of biomass occurs The movement characteristics are alternated, resulting in the mixing of biomass. The temperature distribution characteristics of biomass are low in inlet and high in outlet. By controlling the temperature to be at 440-510 degrees Celsius by gas from the distillation decomposition. The bitumen will rise and will be transported by a gas pipeline (10) located at the top exit of the distillation chamber, decomposing at low temperature (6) to the next second step. The cinder and ash are separated by flowing downward through a transport tube (11) into the temperature decomposition chamber (121). Is the combustion process (Oxidation) (B) is the combustion of the refined gas and crude oil obtained from the first stage (A) with 15-20% of the complete combustion air that is exchanging through the heat exchange. Coming from the fourth stage (D), transported through a tube (13), was added to the combustion chamber (16) through a high-speed air blower (12) at a temperature of 200-300 ° C. Sprayed into the isthmus of the cone (14), the suction of the distillation gas and bitumen in the gas conveying pipe (10) is mixed with high-speed air flow through the isthmus of the cone (14) into the cone (15), which causes The velocity of the edge gases decreases, causing a turbulent and turbulent mixture of air and gas from the distillation and bitumen obtained from the first stage (A) in the cone when the gas mixed with air enters the combustion chamber. Burned (16) is ignited by a flamethrower (17). The refined gas and bitumen with the chemical composition of carbon and hydrogen react rapidly with oxygen as an oxidation reaction. (16) Oxidation is an exothermic reaction, resulting in The entire combustion chamber temperature rises and is controlled in the range of 800-1,100 degrees Celsius. In this room the bitumen is almost completely destroyed by extreme heat. Most of the products obtained from this chamber contain nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen. Carbon monoxide, methane, hydrogen and water vapor are transported through a vascular tube (18) for further processing. By design, the air that is blown through the high-speed air nozzle (12) in this second step. This causes sufficient suction power to absorb the gas produced by the distillation chamber at low temperature (6) .The pressure in the distillation chamber decomposes at this low temperature (6) in (A) and thus decreases below the gas pressure in the distillation chamber. High temperature (21) in (C) connected by a conveying tube (11) when the combustion chamber gas (16) in (B) is connected to the distillation chamber, high temperature decomposition (21) in (C) with a conveying tube (18) and with a higher pressure than the gas pressure in the distillation chamber decomposes at high temperature (21) in (C) and in the distillation chamber decomposes at low temperature (6) in (A), thus causing the gas In the combustion chamber (16) from the second step (B) is divided into the distillation chamber, decomposed at high temperature (21) in (C) and passed back to the low temperature decomposition chamber (6), in which Step one (A) 10% of the volume is passed through a transport tube (19) .Then, this 10% of the gas is sucked for circulating into the second stage, Oxidation (B). ) To continue to burn again The remainder enters the chamber to generate gas (26), the fourth step (D) through the conveying tube (20), to generate the gas in the next step. Third step Is the process of distillation with high temperature (High Temperature Pyrolysis) (C) during the start of the work, there will be no charcoal in the furnace. The charcoal that has gone through the process of distillation decomposes at low temperature from step one. It flows into the high temperature decomposition chamber (21). In this third stage (C), the conveying tube (11) flows into the chamber, generating gas (26) in the fourth stage (D) through the conveying tube. (22) accumulates on the furnace sludge (25) and accumulates up to the lower charcoal level measuring device (24) The charcoal, which is the product obtained from the first step (A), is heated by gas. The high temperature coming from the combustion chamber (16) in the second stage (B) by 10% is passed through the conveying pipe (18) and the conveying tube (19) when the gas flows through the charcoal layer in the distillation chamber. High temperature decomposition (21) in the third step (C) is transferred to heat, causing the charcoal in the distillation chamber to decompose at high temperature (21) from 400-500 degrees Celsius to 550-650 degrees Celsius. It will cause organic matter that has not been converted to gas, about 5 percent remaining, distilled at high temperature to convert to gas completely. The decomposition gas is combined with the gas from the combustion chamber (16) in the second step (B), flows up to the distillation chamber, decomposes at low temperature (6) in the first step (A) and will It is sucked into the combustion chamber (16) to continue combustion in the new second stage (B). The coal will accumulate in this chamber to increase in volume. When the charcoal in this chamber has risen to the upper charcoal level detector (23) measured, the ash on the furnace sludge (25) is released from the furnace by rotating the furnace sludge (25). 25) It will flow through the ash drain holes that fill the sludge cross-sectional area. As a result, the ash accumulated on the furnace sludge (25) is drained from the chamber, causing gas (26). As a result, the charcoal in the distillation chamber decomposes at high temperature (21) in the third step (C) through the conveying tube (22) into the chamber, generating gas (26) in the fourth stage (D). The ash exited the chamber to generate gas. (26) This is greater than the rate of charcoal which was obtained by low temperature decomposition at step one (A), the carbon level in the high temperature decomposition chamber (21) in this third step is reduced further. Until the lower carbon level measuring device (24) can be measured, the ash discharge is stopped by stopping the rotation of the furnace sludge (25). Is the process of gas generation (Gasification) (D) is the second stage gas (B), some non-combustible gas, ie, carbon oxide and water vapor, can be converted to a combustible gas. Some of the second stage gas will flow into the chamber to generate gas. (26) In this fourth step, on the top, through a conveying tube (20) and flowing through a uniform layer of coals on the furnace sludge (25), when the carbon dioxide and high temperature steam flow through the cinder layer, It reacts quickly with carbon to carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. The reaction is an endothermic reaction, causing the gas and charcoal temperature in the upper part of the coal layer at a high temperature of 800-900 ° C to decrease as the distance passes through the charcoal layer. Until the gas has passed through the charcoal layer, the temperature is 650-750 degrees Celsius, which is the temperature range that will produce gas well. And the optimum time is 1-2 seconds. The gasification characteristic of the chamber (26) in the fourth step (D) is the uniformity of the thickness of the cinder layer on the flue (25). ), Taken from the third step (C), flows down the accumulator onto the furnace sludge (25) with a conical shape with a cone angle close to the pile angle. When the coals are deposited on the kiln sludge (25), there will be a similar layer thickness throughout the area of the kiln (25), resulting in a uniform pressure drop across the layer. The gas flows through the charcoal layer at a uniform rate throughout the area. And when the thickness of the charcoal layer can be controlled and consistency over time The coals in the kiln (25) have sufficient contact time and react with the gas until they are almost completely turned from solid to gas. The time that the charcoal was in the gas-generating chamber (26) was 30 minutes. Products from the fourth step consisted of ash and biomass. Ash will fall to the bottom of the furnace with an ash relief valve (27) to drain the ash from the furnace, preventing air reflux for further agricultural use. Biomass gas with a percentage of combustible gas is 18-22% carbon monoxide gas, 15-20% hydrogen gas and 2-3% methane. It is clean gas and does not contain bitumen. It is extracted from the suction fan (33) through the ducts (28) and large particles that come out with the gas are separated by a vortex in the eddy chamber (29). The gas at 650-750 ° C is obtained. Cool down The heat is exchanged with air by a heat exchanger. (30) By air at The heating up will be applied in the first step (A) and in the second (B) stage to the next gas part. Leaving the heat exchanger (30), the temperature will drop to 300-400 ° C, will Conveyed through a pipe (31) and cooled to 30-45 degrees Celsius, including filtered dust. Finer to obtain a cleaner gas in the dust filter chamber (32). The gas is then sucked up by a suction fan (33) through a conveying pipe (34), stored in a gas storage tank and controlled by a pressure (35). Conveying gas through a conveying tube (36) to continue to use as fuel for the power generation of gas engines and generators (37). 2. The four-step thermal biomass gasification method according to Clause 1 has specific characteristics as follows: The temperature used in the first step is as follows: - The temperature used in the low temperature decomposition chamber (6) is 450-500 ° C. - The air temperature filled from the diffuser chamber (9) is located at the bottom of the The distillation chamber decomposes at low temperature (6) 250-300 ° C - the gas temperature obtained from the first stage at the outlet to the gas pipeline (10) is 400 -500 ° C. 3. The four-step thermal biomass gasification method according to Clause 1 has specific characteristics: The temperature used in the second step is as follows: - The air temperature filled through the high speed air nozzle (12) is 250-300 ° C. - The gas temperature in the combustion chamber (16) is 900-1,000 ° C. 4. The four-step heating method for gas production from biomass fuel according to claim 1 has unique characteristics: The gas and charcoal temperature in the distillation chamber decomposes at high temperature (21) by the third step of 580-630 ° C. 5. The four-step thermal biomass gasification method according to Clause 1 is characterized as The specific temperature is the temperature used in the fourth step: - The gas and charcoal temperature in the upper part of the coal layer is 850-900 ° C. - The gas passing through the lower layer of the charcoal is 680-750 ° C. 6. The four-step thermal biomass gasification method according to Clause 1 is characterized by: The amount of air fed into the distribution room (9) according to the first step Feed in 7.5-10% of the air used in complete combustion. 7. The four-step thermal biomass gasification method according to Clause 1 has specific characteristics: The amount of air fed through the high-speed air blower (12) by the second step. Enter 15-17.5% of the air used in complete combustion.