TH10880B - Process for detecting axial press deviations - Google Patents

Abstract

The process and equipment for detecting deviations from specifications in axial compressors by measuring internal pressure ripples in at least one section of the compressor within the compressor housing using at least one pressure sensing device; determining the frequency signal from the signal delivered by the pressure sensing device; checking whether each of these frequency signals contains at least one characteristic peak within the characteristic frequency range assigned to a section of the compressor; and determining the deviation parameters from these frequency signals, where these parameters depend on the peak parameters indicating the characteristic peak pattern, and identifying the state of the compressor deviation.

Claims (44)

1. The process for detecting deviations from the specifications of an axial compressor. The aforementioned axial compressor consists of: a rotor, a housing, an inlet where gas at a certain pressure flows in during operation, and an outlet where gas at a second, higher pressure flows out. During operation, the rotor is mounted to rotate within the housing around its axis of rotation. The axial compressor also consists of at least one axial compressor section. Each axial compressor section consists of: a row of rotor turbines mounted on the rotor and arranged in a single order in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation, and a row of stator turbines mounted on the housing and arranged in a single order in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation. During operation, each axial compressor section has a dynamic pressure range surrounding each rotor within the housing. During operation, each axial compressor section also has a specific frequency. The characteristic frequency is determined as the product of the number of rotor blades installed in the rotor row and the rotor speed. In operation, each axial compressor section also has a defined reference pattern associated with the characteristic frequency. The process involves the following steps: measuring the pressure ripple of at least one dynamic pressure region with a pressure sensing device responding at the characteristic frequency and generating at least one sensing signal; determining several frequency components from each sensing signal, with one component determined at a frequency equivalent to the characteristic frequency; smoothing these several frequency components into a smoothed frequency signal; and comparing the smoothed frequency signal to the defined reference pattern to determine the parameters indicating the deviations of the axial compressor section. 2. In accordance with claim 1, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall be connected to the aforementioned housing between the rotor blades and the stator blades of one of the aforementioned axial compressor sections. 3. In accordance with claim 1, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall be connected to the aforementioned housing near the inlet of the aforementioned axial compressor. 4. In accordance with claim 1, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoelectric pressure sensor. 5. In accordance with claim 1, several frequency components mentioned above are determined by Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). 6. In accordance with claim 1, the multiple frequency elements mentioned above are determined by Fast Hartley Transformation (FHT). 7. In accordance with claim 1, the aforementioned defined reference model has a special characteristic in that it is related in comparison to the amplitude of the smoothed frequency signal as described. 8. In accordance with claim 7, the aforementioned defined reference model is characterized by its comparative relationship to the ratio of the difference between the highest value among the various frequency components mentioned in the frequency band adjacent to the characteristic frequency mentioned, and the mean among the various frequency components mentioned to the stated mean. 9. In accordance with claim 1, the aforementioned defined reference pattern is characterized by its relative relationship to the width of the peaks formed by the aforementioned smoothed frequency signal. 10. The second process, consistent with claim 9, the aforementioned width of the peak formed by the aforementioned smoothed frequency signal is defined at the region within the aforementioned peak, at the midpoint between the peak's minimum and peak values. 11. The second process, consistent with claim 1, involves determining the frequency components mentioned above within a predefined frequency range. This predefined frequency range shall not exceed 4000 Hz. 12. In accordance with claim 11, the predefined frequency range shall not exceed 2000 Hz. 13. In accordance with claim 1, the parameters of deviation from the aforementioned specifications shall be determined from the smoothed frequency signal, which shall be divided by the operating parameters indicating the operating conditions of the axial press. 14. A process consistent with claim 13, the operating parameters mentioned, will indicate the output power of the axial compressor. 15. In accordance with claim 1, a state transition signal indicating a change in the operating state of the aforementioned axial compressor shall be generated if the deviation parameter exceeds the predetermined range of values. 16. Procedure for detecting deviations from the specifications of the axial compressor. The aforementioned axial compressor consists of: a rotor, a housing, an inlet where gas at a first pressure flows in during operation, and an outlet where gas at a second, higher pressure than the first pressure flows out. During operation, the rotor is mounted to rotate within the housing around its axis of rotation. The axial compressor also consists of at least one axial compressor section. Each axial compressor section consists of: a row of rotor blades mounted on the rotor and arranged in a single line in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation, and a row of stator blades mounted on the housing and arranged in a single line in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation. During operation, each axial compressor section has a dynamic pressure range surrounding each rotor within the housing. During operation, each axial compressor section also has a specific frequency. The characteristic frequency is determined as the product of the number of rotor blades installed in the rotor row and the rotor rotational speed. In the operation of the axial compressor, each section also has a threshold parameter associated with the characteristic frequency. The process involves the following steps: measuring the pressure ripple of at least one dynamic pressure region with a pressure sensing device that responds at the characteristic frequency and generating multiple sensing signals; determining multiple frequency components from each sensing signal, with these components being determined at frequencies equivalent to the characteristic frequency; smoothing these multiple frequency components into an absolute frequency signal consisting of multiple smoothed frequency signals associated with the multiple sensing signals; integrating the absolute frequency signal over a predetermined integration range to determine the integral; and comparing the integral to the defined threshold parameter. And in order to determine the parameters of deviations from the specifications, indicating deviations from the specifications of the aforementioned axial press, 17. In accordance with claim 16, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall be connected to the aforementioned enclosure between the rotor blades and the stator blades of one of the aforementioned axial compressor sections. 18. In accordance with claim 16, at least one pressure sensing device shall be connected to the enclosure near the inlet of the axial compressor. 19. In accordance with claim 16, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoelectric pressure sensor. 20. In accordance with claim 16, several of the aforementioned frequency components shall be determined by Fourier Transformation (FFT). 21. In accordance with claim 16, several of the aforementioned frequency components shall be determined by Fast Hartley Transformation (FHT). 22. In accordance with claim 16, the integration range mentioned above shall be 0 to 20000 Hz. 23. In accordance with claim 16, the aforementioned frequency range shall be equal to the aforementioned integration range. 24. In a process consistent with claim 16, the parameter of deviation from the aforementioned requirement shall be defined as the integral divided by the operating parameter indicating the operating condition. 25. A process consistent with claim 24, the operating parameters mentioned, will indicate the output power of the axial compressor. 26. In accordance with claim 16, a state transition signal indicating a change in the operating state of the aforementioned axial compressor shall be generated in the event of a parameter deviation exceeding the predetermined range. 27. Computerized system for detecting deviations from specifications of the axial compressor. The aforementioned axial compressor consists of: a rotor, a housing, an inlet where gas at a first pressure flows in during operation, and an outlet where gas at a second, higher pressure than the first pressure flows out during operation. The rotor is mounted to rotate within the housing for rotation around the axis of rotation. The axial compressor also consists of at least one axial compressor section. Each axial compressor section consists of: a row of rotor blades mounted on the rotor and arranged in a single line in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation, and a row of stator blades mounted on the housing and arranged in a single line in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation. During operation, each axial compressor section has a dynamic pressure range. Surrounding each rotor in the aforementioned enclosure, during operation, each axial compressor section will have a characteristic frequency defined as the product of the number of rotor blades installed in the rotor row and the rotor rotational speed. Each axial compressor section will also have a defined reference pattern associated with the characteristic frequency. The computerized system consists of: a soil sensing device responding at the characteristic frequency for measuring pressure ripple of at least one dynamic pressure region and generating at least one sensing signal; a transformation unit for determining multiple frequency components from each sensing signal, with one frequency component determined at a frequency equivalent to the characteristic frequency; and a subcomputer for smoothing the multiple frequency components into a smoothed frequency signal and for comparing the smoothed frequency signal to the defined reference pattern. To determine the parameters of deviations from the specifications indicated by the deviations in the specifications of the aforementioned axial press. 28. In a computer-controlled system compliant with claim 27, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall be connected to the aforementioned housing between the rotor blades and the stator blades of one of the aforementioned axial compressor sections. 29. In a computer-based system compliant with claim 27, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoelectric pressure sensor. 30. In a computer-controlled system compliant with claim 27, at least one of the aforementioned pressure sensing devices shall be connected to the aforementioned housing near the inlet of the aforementioned axial compressor. 31. A computerized system compliant with claim 27, the aforementioned transformation suite shall include a Fast Fourier transformation suite. 32. A computer-based system compliant with claim 27, the aforementioned transformation suite shall include the Fast Hartley Transformation (FHT) suite. 33. A computer-based system consistent with claim 27 shall also include a set of status indicators for receiving signals of non-compliance with the aforementioned provisions and indications of non-compliance. 34. Computerized system for detecting deviations from specifications of the axial compressor. The aforementioned axial compressor consists of: a rotor, a housing, an inlet where gas at a first pressure flows in during operation, and an outlet where gas at a second, higher pressure than the first pressure flows out. During operation, the rotor is mounted to rotate within the housing around its axis of rotation. The axial compressor also consists of at least one axial compressor section. Each axial compressor section consists of: a row of rotor blades mounted on the rotor and arranged in a single line in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation, and a row of stator blades mounted on the housing and arranged in a single line in the circumferential direction relative to the axis of rotation. During operation, each axial compressor section has a dynamic pressure range. Surrounding each rotor in the aforementioned enclosure, during operation, each axial compressor section will have a characteristic frequency defined as the product of the number of rotor blades installed in the rotor blade row and the rotor rotational speed. During operation, each axial compressor section will also have a defined reference pattern associated with the characteristic frequency. The computerized system consists of: a pressure sensing device that responds at the characteristic frequency for measuring pressure ripple in multiple dynamic pressure ranges and generating multiple sensing signals; a transformation unit for determining multiple frequency components from each sensing signal, where one frequency component is determined at a frequency equivalent to the characteristic frequency; and a subcomputer for smoothing the multiple frequency components into a perfect frequency signal consisting of the processed frequency signal. The process involves integrating multiple related signals from the aforementioned sensor signals, integrating the complete frequency signals within a predefined integration range to determine the integral, and comparing this integral to the defined threshold parameter to determine the deviation parameters indicating the deviation of the axial compression section. 35. In a computer-controlled system consistent with claim 34, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall be connected to the aforementioned housing between the rotor blades and the stator blades of one of the aforementioned axial compressor sections. 36. In a computer-based system compliant with claim 34, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoelectric pressure sensor. 37. In a computer-controlled system compliant with claim 34, at least one pressure sensing device mentioned above shall be connected to the enclosure mentioned above near the inlet of the axial compressor. 38. A computerized system compliant with claim 34, the aforementioned transformation suite shall include a Fast Fourier transformation suite. 39. A computer-based system compliant with claim 34, the aforementioned transformation suite shall include the Fast Hartley Transformation (FHT) suite. 40. A computer-based system compliant with claim 34 shall also include a set of status indicators for receiving signals of non-compliance with the aforementioned provisions and indications of non-compliance. 41. In accordance with claim 1, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoresistive pressure sensor. 42. In accordance with claim 16, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoelectric pressure sensor. 43. In a computer-based system compliant with claim 27, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoresistive pressure sensor. 44. A computer-based system compliant with claim 34, the aforementioned pressure sensing device shall consist of a piezoresistive pressure sensor.