SU995856A1 - Unit for preparing grains before processing to cereal - Google Patents

Description

(5) INSTALLATION FOR PREPARATION OF GRAIN BEFORE TREATING IT INTO THE CUP

The invention relates to the milling industry of large industries and can be used for cooling and taking heat from heated grains with the possibility of using (utilizing) this heat for technological purposes for various large crops. A known plant for preparing grain before processing it into grits contains a bunker for preheating grain with perforated walls, a steamer, a grain dryer, a recuperative T1V-exchanger and a collector with a fan for exhausting air. However, the exhausted warm air discharged from the dryers fed 1 "| additional heating, has a low temperature, and its relative humidity is 7% higher than the humidity of the environment, therefore, in the process of heating the grain in the bunker their air does not occur intern. -2 -. a strong decrease in humidity, which is undesirable, since it does not further facilitate the operation of the dryers. The air supply from the dryers with T to the rivers with a jurative heat exchanger does not allow more than 20-25 ° C to increase its temperature. The buckwheat grain is then cooled in duaspirators by purging a layer of grain with external air. When this is not achieved, effective cooling due to uneven decrease in temperature | Л1 over the whole grain mass, therefore, when it is decoupled by feeding to peeling, processes of thermal moisture conduction are observed, moisture transfer from the grain with a higher temperature to the less heated, on consumer advantages of cr and the efficiency of flaking grain. Drying of granules in the dryer is carried out by contact from the heated metal surface during the passage of grain

vertical column from top to bottom, heating, the metal surface is realized by steam under pressure Q, tS 0.50 MPa, while the temperature of the grain reaches 75-86 ° C when heated, however, the air is cooled into the atmosphere after cooling the grain with such a high temperature. To use this heat, devices are necessary for extracting heat from the heated grain during the drying process, i.e. it is necessary to develop special devices that do not yet exist in large industry.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of the finished product and intensify the process of preparing the grain.

To achieve this goal, a plant for preparing grain before processing it into grits, containing a bunker for preheating grains with perforated walls, a steamer, a grain dryer, a recuperative heat exchanger and a collector with a fan for sucking air, is equipped with a cooling column, which is two chambers concentrically mounted with a sluice inside one another by vertical chambers, each of which have connections in the upper and lower parts, patr The slabs of the upper part of the chambers are connected to a fan, the lower part of the inner chamber is designed to take in air from the environment, and the lower part of the outer chamber is used for ejection, while the walls of the inner chamber are ribbed and screw-screw blades at an angle greater than the angle of repose of the grain.

FIG. Figure 1 shows a cooling column of an installation for preparing the grain before processing it into grits; in fig. 2, section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 General technological scheme of installation.

The installation includes an upper cylindrical vertical chamber 1, a heat exchange ribbed surface 2 located concentrically inside with a gap relative to the common chamber 3, screw screw blades k located along the axis of the vertical upper cylindrical chamber 1 at an angle of more natural slope of the grain.

the upper charging sluice valve 5 and the lower loading sluice valve 6, a pipe 7 for external air intake installed in the lower part of the upper chamber 1, a pipe 8 located in the upper part of the upper camera 1 for sucking air out of it through the duct 9 by the fan 10, lower cylindrical vertical

chamber 11, manifold nozzle 12 installed on the side for connecting an injection fan H through the duct 13, opening 15 for drawing in outside air

fan 14, a pipe 16 located on the opposite side of the collector 12 and used to discharge the exhaust air after cooling the product from

lower chamber 11; funnel 17 for discharging the cooled product.

On the heat exchange ribbed surface 2 are located fins 18. 8 installation for heating the grain

buckwheat vk / yoceni bunker 19 for preheating grain, loading plug cork 20, steaming machine 21, steam pipe 22 for supplying secondary steam from steamers

21 through a pipe 23 into a recuperative heat exchanger 24, a discharge cork stopper 25, a steam dryer 26 connected to an upper vertical cylindrical chamber 1, an air duct 27 and a pipe 28 for supplying heated air to the hopper 19 The installation works as follows.

The grain moves in a dense layer from top to bottom along the upper vertical cylindrical chamber 1. For uniform heat extraction from the entire mass of heated grain as it moves, the central zone of the grain is moved to the peripheral part of the chamber 1 by means of the screw vane blades 4, and from the peripheral one to central. Due to this, heat is taken from the entire mass of grain by the heat-exchanging ribbed surface 2. The above-mentioned mixing of the grain contributes to uniform heating of the surface 2 and, accordingly, uniform heat collection throughout the entire mass of grain. In order for the grain to move without delay in the chamber 1, the screw screw blades 4 are located at an angle of a more natural slope of the moistened grain. The duration of the grain in chamber 1 is controlled by the speed of rotation of the lower and upper sluice gates 5 and 6, matched in time and sufficient for mixing the entire grain mass when moving from top to bottom, which ensures uniform heating of the heat exchanger ribbed surface 2 and the heat drawn from it by suction air. For the final cooling of the grain, the lower sluice gate 6 serves the grain into the lower cylindrical chamber (vertical) 1, where, when it falls freely under gravity, it is encountered by an air flow directed by the fan 1 through air to air 13 through the collector 12. To maximize the use of the cross-sectional area of the chamber 11 by the injected air from the opposite side of the collector 12, the nozzle 16 is located to discharge the exhaust air, thus ensuring uniform cooling of the grain to a temperature close to to ambient temperature. The need to install upper and lower vertical cylindrical chambers is subject to the following conditions. The upper vertical cylindrical chamber 1 selects heat from the heated grain in the dryer and heats the air. After drying, the heated grain with the upper sluice gate 5 is fed into the upper cylindrical vertical chamber 1, which is loaded in a dense layer throughout the volume of chamber 1. The grain heated in the dryer to T 75-86 ° C touches the inner walls of the heat exchange ribbed during filling of chamber 1 surface and produces its heat. In order to increase the heating surface, the heat exchanger ribbed surface 2 is equipped with ribs 18, which accordingly contributes to the heat release. After heating the surface 2, the fan 10 is turned on and through the pipe 7, the outside air is sucked into the chamber through the gap formed by a common chamber 3 and concentrically located heat exchanging ribbed surface 2. The external air sucked by the ventilator 10 into the recuperative heat exchanger contacts the heated heat exchanger ribbed surface 2 and heats up. For a higher heating temperature, the air is injected through the air duct 9 by the fan 10 into the regenerative heat exchanger. An important design feature is that the nozzles 8 and 7 are located on opposite sides of the lower and upper parts of the upper vertical cylindrical chamber, which ensures the maximum air passage and the area of its contact with the heat exchanger ribbed surface 2, which contributes to the maximum air heating temperature. The amount of heated air and its feed rate to the upper chamber 1 is regulated by the fan power, the distance between the common case 3 and the concentric ribbed heat exchanging surface 2. During the heat extraction process from the heat exchanging ribbed surface 2, the intake air is then supplied to the recuperative heat exchanger for additional heating grain cooling occurs, but it is not cooled to ambient temperature. For uniform cooling of the entire mass of grain to the ambient temperature, the lower chamber 11 serves. The efficiency of the lower chamber 11 is due to the fact that the grain enters it pre-cooled in the upper chamber 1, which makes it possible to evenly cool the whole grain mass to the temperature of the surrounding environment, which is achieved in the prototype. The installation works as follows. Grain from hopper 19 is loaded with cork stopper 20 into steaming device 21 and steam is fed into it, after a certain exposure of steaming from steamer 21 through steam line 22 through nozzle 23 Exhaust secondary steam is sent to recuperative heat exchanger 2k, from which its working surfaces are heated . After a complete α-reset of the secondary steam, the discharge cork stopper 25 is opened and the grain is fed to the steam draw bar 26, from which dried grain with a temperature of 7586 0 enters an upright vertical cylindrical chamber, which heats the ridge surface, from which the outside air is heated by the fan 10. T a 57-63 C. Next E1; from

the air is additionally heated in a recuperative heat exchanger 24 to T - in the injection section of its aentyl to top 10; after which it is fed to the hopper 19 through the air duct 27 for preheating the grain.

The grain is preheated with a stream of air with T and its subsequent supply to the steamer intensifies the process of steaming, as it reduces the time required to set the steam pressure in the steamer and the steaming time compared to the prototype, where the temperature of the air stream is significantly lower and is only T “6672 0. .

Claims (1)

Invention Formula An installation for preparing the grain before processing it into grits, containing a bunker for preheating grain with perforated walls, a steamer, a grain dryer, a recuperative heat exchanger and a collector with a fan for suction of air, characterized in that, in order to improve the quality of the finished product and intensify the grain preparation process, the plant is equipped with a cooling chamber, which is two concentrically mounted with a lock gate, which are concentrically mounted with a gap in one another, each chamber which in the upper and lower parts have connections, the connections of the upper part of the chambers are connected to the fan, the connection of the lower part of the internal | chamber is designed to take in air from the environment The outlet of the lower part of the outer chamber is ejected, while the walls of the inner chamber are ribbed, and inside it along the axis there are screw screw vanes at an angle exceeding the angle of repose of the grain. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Author's testimony for application No. 2821317 / 28-13, cl. B 02 B 1/04, 1979. -... Air flow / X -.- S G i | eleven 12 13 X  naf. Warm air (/ G.