SU989696A1

SU989696A1 - Stepping electric motor

Info

Publication number: SU989696A1
Application number: SU813244193A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Тамаз Павлович Тавадзе; Отари Амбросиевич Рухадзе; Натела Ражденовна Векуа; Борис Ильич Керженевич
Original assignee: За витель
Priority date: 1981-02-12
Filing date: 1981-02-12
Publication date: 1983-01-15

Description

Изобретение относится к электротехнике, в частности к шаговым электродвигателям, которые находят широкое использование в дискретном электроприводе.The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to stepper motors, which are widely used in a discrete electric drive.

Известны шаговые электродвигатели, содержащие статор с обмотками фиксации, установленными на своих магнитопроводах, обмотку управления, промежуточный и ведомый роторы 11].Known stepper motors containing a stator with fixation windings mounted on their magnetic cores, a control winding, intermediate and driven rotors 11].

Однако конструкция этого двигателя весьма сложная, а функциональные 1 возможности ограничены.However, the design of this engine is very complex, and its functional capabilities are limited.

Наиболее близким по своей технической сущности к изобретению является шаговый электродвигатель, содержащий статор с двумя секциями, каждая из них имеет по обмотке управления и магнитопроводу,, один из которых установлен с возможностью углового перемещения относительно другого и последующего закрепления, и ротор с зубчатыми сердечниками и выходным валом (2).The closest in technical essence to the invention is a stepper motor containing a stator with two sections, each of them has a control winding and a magnetic circuit, one of which is installed with the possibility of angular movement relative to the other and subsequent fixing, and a rotor with gear cores and an output shaft (2).

Недостаток этого двигателя заключается в том, что он не допускает плавной выставки величины шага двигателя .The disadvantage of this engine is that it does not allow a smooth exposition of the step size of the engine.

Цель изобретения - расширение функциональных возможностей шагового электродвигателя за счет плавной установки его шага.The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the functionality of the stepper motor due to the smooth installation of its step.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, с что двигатель снабжен промежуточным валом и фрикционным устройством, которое состоит из двух электромагнитов с обмотками и размещенного между ними якоря, свободно перемещало ющегося на выходном валу в осёйом направлений7 -на промежуточном валу установлены зубчатые сердечники и один из электромагнитов, а второй электромагнит установлен- на статоре с возможностью перемещения в осевом 15 направлении и: имеет возвратную пружину.This goal is achieved by the fact that the engine is equipped with an intermediate shaft and a friction device, which consists of two electromagnets with windings and an anchor placed between them, freely moving on the output shaft in axial directions 7 - gear cores and one of the electromagnets are installed on the intermediate shaft, and the second electromagnet is mounted on the stator with the possibility of movement in the axial 15 direction and: has a return spring.

На чертеже схематически представлен предлагаемый двигатель, продоль__ ный разрез.The drawing schematically shows the proposed engine, longitudinal__ longitudinal section.

Двигатель состоит из статора 1, а котором установлены две секции, имеющие по магнитопроводу 2 и 3 и по обмотке управления 4 и· 5. Внутри секций' размещены зубчатые сердечники 25 б и 7, установленные на промежуточном валу .8, несущем еще и один электромагнит 9 фрикционного устройства с его обмоткой 10.The engine consists of a stator 1, in which two sections are installed, having a magnetic circuit 2 and 3 and a control winding 4 and · 5. Inside the sections' there are toothed cores 25 b and 7 mounted on an intermediate shaft .8, carrying one more electromagnet 9 friction device with its winding 10.

К фрикционному устройству относят30 йя_ также размещенный на выходном ва ’ лу 11 перемещающийся в боевом направлении якорь 12 и второй электромагнит 13 со своей обмоткой 14. Электромагнит 13 прижимается к статору возвратной пружиной 15.Вращение выходной го вала 11 и промежуточного вала 8 обеспечивается с помощью подшипни? ' ков 16. Полюса магнитопроводов 2 и 3 или зубцы зубчатых сердечников 6 и 7 сдвинуты между собой на некоторый угол,определяющий шаг двигателя,причем один из элементов конструкции 3 или 7 установлен с возможностью повоч рота относительно другого соответственно 2 или 8 и дальнейшего закрепления . Изменение угла разворота элементов 2 и 3(или 7 и'8)позволяет плавно изменять шаг перемещения выходного вала,The friction device includes 30 ya_, an anchor 12 and a second electromagnet 13 moving in the combat direction, located on the output shaft 11, and its second winding 14. The electromagnet 13 is pressed against the stator by a return spring 15. The output shaft 11 and the intermediate shaft 8 are rotated by means of a bearing ? '' 16. 16. The poles of the magnetic cores 2 and 3 or the teeth of the toothed cores 6 and 7 are shifted to each other by an angle that determines the pitch of the engine, and one of the structural elements 3 or 7 is mounted with the possibility of rotation relative to the other, respectively 2 or 8 and further fixing. Changing the angle of rotation of elements 2 and 3 (or 7 and'8) allows you to smoothly change the pitch of the output shaft,

Двигатель работает следующим образом.The engine operates as follows.

При обесточенных обмотках выходной вал II свободно поворачивается. Для приведения двигателя в исходное положение подается питание в обмотку 14 после чего якорь 12 притягивается к электромагниту 13, и двигатель можно нагружать моментом нагрузки. Затем без отключения обмотки 14 подается питание на- обмотку 10 электромагнита 9. Якорь 12 вместе с электромагнитом 13 притягивается к электромагниту 9. Одновременно с подачей питания на электромагнит 9 подается питание и в одну из обмоток управления 4 и 5, после чего обмотка 14 электромагнита 13 отключается и -он под действием пружины 15 возвращается в первоначальное положение. Указанные коммутации обеспечивают жесткую связь вала 11 с сердечниками б и 7, а также появление вращающего момента, под действием которого сердечник, соответствующий занимаемой секции, вместе с ггоомежуточным ротором поворачивается до положения, при котором его зубцы и полюса соответствующего магнитопровода (2 или 3) совпадают. Данное положение выходного вала 11 фиксируется последующим включением электромагнита 13,' который, притягиваясь к якорю 12,*не позволяет ему поворачиваться. Для осуществления следующего перемещения отключается электромагнит 9 и запитанная обмотка управления и включается вторая обмотка управления, что приводит к появлению вращающего момента в другой секции, под действием которого промежуточный ротор поворачивается на угол разворота секции, в сторону, противоположную направлению движения выходного вала. После этого повторяется порядок коммутации обмоток и вместе с ним повторяется цикл работы двигателя.With de-energized windings, output shaft II rotates freely. To bring the engine to its original position, power is supplied to the winding 14, after which the armature 12 is attracted to the electromagnet 13, and the engine can be loaded with a load moment. Then, without disconnecting the winding 14, power is supplied to the winding 10 of the electromagnet 9. The armature 12 together with the electromagnet 13 is attracted to the electromagnet 9. Simultaneously with the power supply to the electromagnet 9, power is supplied to one of the control windings 4 and 5, after which the winding 14 of the electromagnet 13 disconnected and -on under the action of the spring 15 returns to its original position. These commutations provide a rigid connection of the shaft 11 with the cores b and 7, as well as the appearance of a torque, under the action of which the core corresponding to the occupied section, together with the interstitial rotor, rotates to a position where its teeth and the poles of the corresponding magnetic circuit (2 or 3) coincide . This position of the output shaft 11 is fixed by the subsequent inclusion of the electromagnet 13, which, being attracted to the armature 12, * does not allow it to rotate. To carry out the next movement, the electromagnet 9 and the energized control winding are turned off and the second control winding is turned on, which leads to the appearance of torque in another section, under the action of which the intermediate rotor rotates by the angle of rotation of the section, in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the output shaft. After this, the switching order of the windings is repeated and the motor cycle is repeated with it.

Для осуществления реверса необходимо изменить чередование включения обмоток управления. *To reverse, it is necessary to change the alternation of switching on the control windings. *

Таким образом, благодаря промежуточному валу и фрикционному устройству с его конструктивными особенностями предлагаемый шаговый электродвигатель преобретает возможность плавной выставки шага перемещения, что выгодно отличает его от известных двигателей.Thus, thanks to the intermediate shaft and the friction device with its design features, the proposed stepper motor acquires the possibility of a smooth exhibition of the movement step, which distinguishes it from the known engines.

Claims

f The invention relates to electrical engineering / in particular, to stepper motors that are widely used in a discrete electric drive. Stepper motors containing a stator with fixing windings mounted on its magnetowires, a control winding, intermediate and driven rotors are known. However, the design of this motor is very complicated and its functionality is limited. The closest in technical essence to the invention is a stepper motor containing a stator with two sections, each of which has a control winding and a magnetic conductor on the winding. one of which is mounted with the possibility of angular displacement relative to the other and subsequent fixing, and a horn torus with toothed cores and an output shaft C2. The disadvantage of this engine is that it does not allow for a smooth display of the magnitude of the motor pitch. The purpose of the invention is the expansion of fuy, the potential of the thrusters stepper evil due to the smooth installation of its pitch. The goal is achieved by the fact that the engine is equipped with an intermediate shaft and a friction device, which consists of two electromagnets with windings and a core placed between them, freely moving on the output shaft in the axial direction ;, -toothed cores and one of electromagnets are installed on the intermediate shaft, and the second electromagnet is mounted on the stator with the possibility of movement in the axially and direction: a return spring. - The drawing shows schematically the proposed engine, a longitudinal section. The motor consists of a stator 1, in which two sections are installed, immektsii on the magnetic circuit 2 and 3 and on the control winding 4 and 5. Inside the sections are located the serrated cores 6 and 7, mounted on the intermediate shaft .8, bearing also one electromagnet 9 friction devices with its winding 10. TO a friction device RELIABLE, also placed on the output cube Iff Lu 11, the measles 12 moving in combat direction and the second electromagnet 13 with its winding 14. The electromagnet 13 is pressed against the stator by a return spring 15. The rotation of the output shaft 11 and intermediate shaft 8 is provided by bearings 16. The poles of the magnetic cores 2 and 3 or the teeth of the toothed cores 6 and 7 are displaced between themselves by a certain angle defining the motor pitch, one of the structural elements 3 or 7 being installed with the option of lioBot company with respect to the other 2 or 8, respectively, and further consolidation. Changing the pivot angle of elements 2 and 3 (or 7 and 8) allows you to smoothly change the step of moving the output shaft. The engine works as follows. With de-energized windings, the output shaft 11 rotates freely. To bring the engine to its initial position, power is supplied to the winding 1, after which the measles 12 is attracted to the electromagnet 13, and the engine can be loaded with a load torque. Then. without disconnecting the winding 14, the winding 10 of the electromagnet 9 is energized. The armature 12 together with the electromagnet 13 is attracted to the electromagnet 9. Simultaneously with the power supply, the electromagnet 9 is energized and into one of the control windings 4 and .5 after which the winding 14 of the electromagnet 13 is turned off and the young is returned to its original position by the action of the spring 15. These switches provide a rigid connection between shaft 11c and cores 6 and 7, as well as the appearance of a torque, under which the core corresponding to the section occupied, together with the intermediate rotor, rotates to the position at which its teeth and poles of the corresponding magnetic core (2 or 3) match. This position of the output shaft 11 is fixed by the subsequent activation of the electromagnet 13, which, attracting the bore 12, does not allow it to turn. To carry out the next movement, the electromagnet 9 and the energized control winding are switched off and the second control winding is turned on, which causes a torque to appear in another section, under the action of which the intermediate rotor turns. It is tilted at the angle of rotation of the section in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the output shaft. Thereafter, the switching voltage of the windings is repeated and with it the engine cycle is repeated. In order to carry out the reverse, it is necessary to change the alternation of switching on the control windings. Thus, due to the intermediate shaft and the friction device with its design features, the proposed stepping motor acquires the possibility of a smooth movement step display, which distinguishes it from the known engine motors. The invention includes a stepper motor containing a stator with two sections, each of which has a control winding and a magnetic conductor, one of which is installed with the possibility of angular movement relative to the other and subsequent fixing, and a rotor with gear cores and an output shaft, characterized in that in order to expand it. functionality due to the smooth installation of the schaga, the engine is equipped with an intermediate shaft and a friction device, which consists of two electromagnets with windings and a core between them, freely moving on the output shaft in the axial direction, on the intermediate shaft there are jagged cores and one of the electromagnets, and the second electromagnet is mounted on the stator with the possibility of movement in the axial direction and has a return spring. sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate 636750, cl. H 02 K 37/00, 1976.

2. USSR author's certificate in application number 2803567 / 24-07, cl. H 02 K 37/00, 1976. / I / 3 fO 8 / B