SU986503A1

SU986503A1 - Loose material separator

Info

Publication number: SU986503A1
Application number: SU813283424A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Петр Митрофанович Заика; Григорий Евтеевич Мазнев; Владимир Васильевич Огурцов; Владимир Иванович Мельник
Original assignee: Харьковский Институт Механизации И Электрификации Сельского Хозяйства
Priority date: 1981-04-29
Filing date: 1981-04-29
Publication date: 1983-01-07

Description

Изобретение относится к электрической сепарации сыпучих материалов и может быть использовано в сельском хозяйстве, горной промышленности и других отраслях.The invention relates to the electrical separation of bulk materials and can be used in agriculture, mining and other industries.

Известна электросамоочистительная машина, включающая установленное наклонно заземленное вибрирующее решето, расположенный над ним плоский электрод, очистительный барабан с полуцилиндрическим электродом, питатель и приемники продуктов разделения [1^A self-cleaning machine is known, including a mounted obliquely grounded vibrating sieve, a flat electrode located above it, a cleaning drum with a semi-cylindrical electrode, a feeder and receivers of separation products [1 ^

Недостатком такой машины является низкая эффективность процесса сепарации ,The disadvantage of this machine is the low efficiency of the separation process,

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому сепаратору является сепаратор сыпучих материалов, включающий наклонно установленный рабочий орган, систему изолированных электродов чередующейся полярности, установленных в одной плоскости параллельно рабочему органу, питатель и приемники продуктов разделения £2] .Closest to the proposed separator is a bulk material separator, including an obliquely mounted working body, a system of insulated electrodes of alternating polarity mounted in the same plane parallel to the working body, feeder and receivers of separation products £ 2].

Недостатком этого сепаратора является низкое качество сепарации частиц различной формы из-за увлечения продолговатых частиц округлыми частиЧ цами, скатывающимися по рабочему органу.The disadvantage of this separator is the low quality of separation of particles of various shapes due to the entrainment of elongated particles with rounded particles sliding along the working body.

Цель изобретения - повьинение ка5 чества сепарации частиц различной формл за счет ориентации продолговатых частиц вдоль направления движения материала.The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of separation of particles of various formulas due to the orientation of the elongated particles along the direction of movement of the material.

Цель достигается тем, что в сепараторе сыпучих материалов, включающем наклонно установленный рабочий орган, систему изолированных электродов чередующейся полярности, установленных в одной плоскости параллельно рабочему органу, питатель и приемники продуктов разделения, электроды расположены поперек направления движения частиц и выполнены в виде гребенок, входящих друг в друга.The goal is achieved by the fact that in the separator of bulk materials, including an obliquely mounted working body, a system of insulated electrodes of alternating polarity mounted in the same plane parallel to the working body, the feeder and the receivers of separation products, the electrodes are located across the direction of movement of the particles and are made in the form of combs entering each other to a friend.

Кроме того, рабочий орган выполнен в виде пластины и снабжен генератором механических колебаний, причем электроды размещены на поверхности пластины.In addition, the working body is made in the form of a plate and is equipped with a generator of mechanical vibrations, and the electrodes are placed on the surface of the plate.

“ Пластина с электродами может быть выполнена, из фольгированного диэлектрика.“A plate with electrodes can be made of foil dielectric.

На фиг. 1 изображен предлагаемый сепаратор, схема расположения элект³⁰ родов; на фиг. 2 - то же, вид сбоку.In FIG. 1 shows the proposed separator, the layout of the electric ³⁰ genera; in FIG. 2 is the same side view.

Сепаратор включает систему электродов 1 в виде гребенок, расположенных на диэлектрической пластине 2, питатель 3, генератор 4 механических колебаний и приемники 5 продуктов разделения. .The separator includes a system of electrodes 1 in the form of combs located on a dielectric plate 2, a feeder 3, a generator 4 of mechanical vibrations and receivers 5 of separation products. .

Сепаратор работает следующим образом.The separator works as follows.

Частицы исходного материала подаются на поверхность пластины 2, приводимой в колебательное движение генераТором 4, и движутся по различным траекториям, характер которых зависит от свойств самих частиц: коэффициента трения и диэлектрической проницаемости. Продолговатые частицы ориён-._ тируются длинной осью вдоль направле- ^эния движения и не увлекаются частицами другой фракции. Так как продолговатые частицы сильнее, чем круглые, притягиваются электрическим полем, что увеличивается различие в силах трения, действующих на частицы.Particles of the starting material are fed to the surface of the plate 2, driven by the oscillator 4 into oscillatory motion, and move along different paths, the nature of which depends on the properties of the particles themselves: friction coefficient and dielectric constant. Elongated particles Oriyon -._ tiruyutsya long axis along the direction of motion are ^e and entrained particles of the other fractions. Since elongated particles are stronger than round ones, they are attracted by an electric field, which increases the difference in the friction forces acting on the particles.

Пластина с электродами выполняется из фольгированного диэлектрика путем его травления.The plate with electrodes is made of foil dielectric by etching.

В предлагаемом сепараторе разде- 25 ление сыпучего материала осуществляется под влиянием вибрационных воздействий на наклонной плоскости. Вверх за счет направленных колебаний транспортируются более продолговатые 30 шероховатые частицы, а вниз - более округлые и гладкие. При размещении на сепарирующей поверхности системы поверхностных электродов, чередующихся по знаку, на разделяемые частицы дей- 35 ствует электрическая сила. Причем частицы в электрическом поле ориентируются длинной осью вдоль силовых линий. Так как в предлагаемом сепараторе электроды размещены поперек дви- 40 жения частиц, то семена под действием электрических сил ориентируются вдоль движения частиц. Такая ориентация продолговатых частих предотвращает их скатывание, а под действием периодических вибраций они транспортируются вверх по наклонной пластине. Круглые частицы беспрепятственно скатываются, в результате чего_sи происходит разделение .In the proposed separator, the separation of bulk material is carried out under the influence of vibration effects on an inclined plane. Due to the directed vibrations, more elongated 30 rough particles are transported upward, while more rounded and smooth particles are transported downward. When placed on a separating surface of a system of surface electrodes alternating in sign, an electric force acts on the particles to be separated. Moreover, the particles in the electric field are oriented by the long axis along the lines of force. Since the electrodes are placed across the particle motion in the proposed separator, the seeds are oriented along the particle motion under the action of electric forces. This orientation of the elongated parts prevents them from rolling, and under the action of periodic vibrations they are transported up the inclined plate. Round particles roll unhindered, resulting in _s and separation.

Таким образом, размещение электродов в предлагаемом сепараторе поперек направления движения частиц усиливает эффект сепарации, так как оказывает дифференцированное воздействие на компоненты смеси.Thus, the placement of the electrodes in the proposed separator across the direction of particle motion enhances the separation effect, as it has a differentiated effect on the components of the mixture.

Claims

(54) BULK MATERIALS SEPARATOR The invention relates to electrical separation of bulk materials and can be used in agriculture, mining and other fields. A known electrodusting machine, including an installed inclined grounded vibrating sieve, a flat electrode above it, a cleaning drum with a semi-cylindrical electrode, a feeder and receivers of separation products. The disadvantage of such a machine is the low efficiency of the separation process. The bulk separator that includes inclined working body, system of isolated electrodes of alternating polarity, installed in bottom plane parallel to the working body, feeder and receivers of separation products 2. The disadvantage of this separator is the low quality of separation of particles of various shapes due to the entrainment of elongated particles by round particles rolling down the working member. The purpose of the invention is to demonstrate the quality of separation of particles of various forca due to the orientation of elongated particles along the direction of movement of the material. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the bulk materials separator, including an obliquely mounted working body, a system of isolated electrodes of alternating polarity installed in the same plane parallel to the working body, the feeder and receivers of separation products, the electrodes are located across the direction of movement of particles and made in the form of combs each other. In addition, the working body is made in the form of a plate and is equipped with a generator of mechanical vibrations, with the electrodes placed on the surface of the plate. The plate with electrodes can be made of foiled dielectric. FIG. 1 shows the proposed separator, the arrangement of electrodes; in fig. 2 - the same, side view. The separator includes a system of electrodes 1 in the form of combs located on the dielectric plate 2, a feeder 3, a generator 4 of mechanical oscillations and receivers 5 of separation products. The separator operates as follows. Particles of the starting material are supplied to the surface of plate 2, which is brought into oscillatory motion by generator 4, and move along different trajectories, the nature of which depends on the properties of Sc1m particles; friction coefficient and dielectric constant Oblong particles orient along the long axis along the direction of motion and are not carried along with particles of another fraction. Since the elongated particles are stronger than the round ones, they are attracted by the electric field, which increases the difference in friction forces acting on the particle. The plate with electrodes is made of foil-insulated dielectric by its etching. In the proposed separator, the separation of the bulk material is carried out under the influence of vibration effects on plane. Upwards due to directional oscillations, more elongated rough particles are transported, and downward rounder and smoother ones. When placed and the separating surface of the system of surface electrodes alternating in sign, the electric force acts on the particles to be divided. power lines. Since in the proposed separator the electrodes are placed across the particle movement, the seeds under the action of electrical forces are oriented in the direction of the particle movement. Such an orientation of the elongated portions prevents the rolling, and under the action of periodic vibrations, they are transported upwards along the inclined plate with the Round particles, which roll unhindered, resulting in separation. Thus, the placement of the electrodes in the proposed separator across the direction of movement of the particles enhances the separation effect, since it has a differential effect on the components of the mixture. Invention 1o Separator of bulk materials, including obliquely installed working body, system of isolated 3 (Lectrodes of alternating polarity, installed in the same plane parallel to the working body, feeder and receivers of separation products, in order to improve the quality of separation particles of various formulas due to the orientation of elongated particles along the direction of movement of the material, the electrodes are located across the direction of movement of the particles and are made in the form of combs entering into each other a 2, a separator according to pl, characterized in that the working body is made in a plate-like form and provided with a generator of mechanical oscillations, the electrodes being placed on the surface of the plate. 3. The separator in ppp and 2 with the fact that the plate with electrodes is made of foil-insulated dielectric.Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1 USSR Author's Certificate No. 401410, Cl, B 03 C 7/04, 1971.

2. USSR author's certificate B 03 C 7/08, 1977 (prototype).

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FIG. /