SU986429A1

SU986429A1 - Helmet

Info

Publication number: SU986429A1
Application number: SU813308641A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Евгений Михайлович Герасимов
Priority date: 1981-06-29
Filing date: 1981-06-29
Publication date: 1983-01-07

Description

Изобретение относится к индивидуальным средствам защиты, в частности к шлемам, предназначенным для защиты головы, шеи, глаз и органов дыхания при выполнении монтажных и аварийных работ в среде воздуха, ⁵загрязненного частицами пыли, кислыми газами, аэрозолями и органическими парами, в условиях пустынь, жаркого и холодного климатических районов, и может быть использовано в нефтяной и газовой промышленностях при бурении, добыче и переработке сероводородсодержащих газов.The invention relates to personal protective equipment, in particular to helmets designed to protect the head, neck, eyes and respiratory organs when performing installation and emergency operations in the air, ⁵ contaminated with dust particles, acid gases, aerosols and organic vapors, in deserts, hot and cold climatic regions, and can be used in the oil and gas industries for drilling, production and processing of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases.

Известен шлем, выполненный в виде каски со смотровым окном, имеющий внутреннюю'и наружную оболочки, образующие воздуховод, а в шейной части шлема установлена пелерина [1].Known helmet, made in the form of a helmet with a viewing window, having an inner and outer shell forming an air duct, and in the neck of the helmet installed a drape [1].

Однако этот шлем недостаточно эф- 20 фективно защищает органы дыхания при содержании в воздухе токсичных веществ 0,5 об Л и более или кислорода меньше 16 об Л и в нем утоми- тельно работать в условиях высокой температуры в жарких климатических районах, а также в условиях низких температур в холодных климатических районах.However, this helmet does not effectively protect the respiratory system when toxic substances in the air contain 0.5 vol. L or more or oxygen is less than 16 vol. It is tiring to work in it at high temperatures in hot climatic regions, as well as in low temperatures in cold climatic regions.

Кроме того, шлем не может трансформироваться в каску при изменении внешней среды, а именно при повышении температуры окружающей среды и отсутствии загазованности, а пелерина не приспособлена для защиты шеи от воздействия пыльных бурь и кислых газов, например сернистого ангидрида, который в процессе работы соединяется с человеческим потом, образуя на открытых участках кожи сернистую кислоту, которая Начинает раздражать кожу. .In addition, the helmet cannot transform into a helmet when the external environment changes, namely, when the ambient temperature rises and there is no gas contamination, and the drape is not adapted to protect the neck from dust storms and acid gases, such as sulfur dioxide, which combines with human sweat, forming sulfuric acid in open areas of the skin, which begins to irritate the skin. .

Наиболее близким техническим решением к изобретению является шлем, содержащий установленные.с зазором одна относительно другой внутреннюю и внешнюю оболочки, прозрачный лицевой щиток,, входящий в зазор меж-.The closest technical solution to the invention is a helmet containing installed with a gap of one relative to the other inner and outer shells, a transparent face shield, included in the gap between.

986929 4 ду оболочками, пелерину, установленную в шейной области человека и закрепленную к нижней части внешней оболочки, а также патрубок подачи воздуха в зазор между оболочками, укрепленный на внешней оболочке и сообщенный с источником подачи воздуха (_2Д.986929 4 shells, a drape installed in the cervical region of a person and fixed to the lower part of the outer shell, as well as an air supply pipe into the gap between the shells, mounted on the outer shell and in communication with the air supply source (_2D.

Недостатком такого шлема является недостаточная комфортность дыхания , а также недостаточная защита в условиях высокой температуры, в жарких климатических районах и в условиях низких температур.The disadvantage of this helmet is the lack of comfortable breathing, as well as inadequate protection in high temperatures, in hot climatic regions and in low temperatures.

Целью изобретения является повышение надежности защиты от воздействия внешней среды и обеспечение комфортности дыхания.The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of protection against environmental influences and ensure breathing comfort.

'Цель достигается тем, что в шлеме, содержащем установленные с зазором друг относительно друга внутреннюю и внешнюю оболочки, прозоачный лицевой щиток, входящий в зазор между оболочками, 'пелерину, размещенную в шейной области человека и прикрепленную к нижней части внешней оболочки, а также патрубок подачи воздуха в зазор между оболочками, укрепленный на внешней оболочке и сообщенный с источником подачи воздуха , пелерина выполнена многослойной в виде пакета тканей из внутренней съемной воздухопроницаемой подкладки, теплоизоляционной и противоветровой прослоек и теплоотражательного водонепроницаемого наружного слоя, причем в пакете помещены гофрированные воздуховоды из воздухопроницаемой ткани, размещенные между съемной воздухопроницаемой подкладки и теплоизоляционной прослойкой, расположенные в направлении крупных венозных сосудов шеи и сообщенные через патрубок подачи воздуха в зазор между оболочками с источником подачи воздуха.'The goal is achieved by the fact that in the helmet containing the inner and outer shells installed with a gap relative to each other, there is a ventilating face shield entering the gap between the shells,' a pelerine placed in the cervical region of the person and attached to the lower part of the outer shell, and also a pipe air supply to the gap between the shells, mounted on the outer shell and in communication with the air supply source, the drape is made multilayer in the form of a package of fabrics from an internal removable breathable lining, heat-insulating layers and anti-wind Teplootrazhatelnyj waterproof outer layer being placed in the package corrugated ducts breathable fabric placed between the backing and a removable air permeable insulating layer disposed in the direction of large venous vessels of the neck and communicated via the air supply pipe into the gap between the shells with the air supply source.

Внутренняя оболочка шлема может быть выполнена из теплопроводного материала, а внешняя оболочка покрыта теплоизоляционным слоем.The inner shell of the helmet can be made of heat-conducting material, and the outer shell is covered with a heat-insulating layer.

На фиг. 1 изображен предлагаемый шлем, вид сбоку; на фиг. 2 - шлем, трансформированный в каску; на фиг. 3 “ разрез А-А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows a proposed helmet, side view; in FIG. 2 - helmet transformed into a helmet; in FIG. 3 “section AA in FIG. 1.

Корпус шлема выполнен в виде каски и составляет внешнюю оболочку 1 из теплоизолирующего материала, к которой прикреплены по периметру внутренняя оболочка 2 из теплопроводноto материала, например алюминия, а сзади и с боков - пелерина 3, отпускающаяся до плеч и защищающая от внешних воздействий шею, затылок и боковые области лица. Пелерина выполнена из пакета тканей с тепло- t вым сопротивлением до 0,5 м² град/вт, состоящего из наружного слоя, выполненного из водонепроницаемой теплоотражательной ткани (например, ткань ДС-23) ,'противоветровой прослойки 5, ткань с воздухопроницаемостью 7^_Ю дм³/м²’С, теплоизоляционных прослоек 6 и съемной воздухопроницаемой подкладки 7. Между подкладкой и прослойками расположены трубчатые каналы - воздуховоды 8, изготовлен ные из ткани с воздухопроницаемостью до 90 дм³/м²-с, например тканного 20 терилена. Передние отделы 9 пелерины 3 для удаления выдыхаемого воздуха выполнены воздухопроницаемыми (не менее 300 дм³/м²-с, а передние края пелерины снабжены средствами 25 10 для их закрепления, позволяющими регулировать усилие охвата для воздуха, расположены в направлении крупных венозных сосудов шеи человека и присоединены к патрубку 11.The helmet housing is made in the form of a helmet and constitutes the outer shell 1 of a heat-insulating material, to which the inner shell 2 of heat-conducting material, such as aluminum, is attached around the perimeter, and a drape 3 is released from the back and sides, releasing to the shoulders and protecting the neck and neck from external influences and lateral areas of the face. The drape is made of a package of fabrics with a thermal resistance of up to 0.5 m ² deg / W, consisting of an outer layer made of waterproof heat-reflecting fabric (for example, fabric DS-23), an anti-wind layer 5, a fabric with air permeability 7 ^_ Yu dm ³ / m ² 'C, heat-insulating layers 6 and removable breathable lining 7. Between the lining and the layers are tubular channels - air ducts 8 made of fabric with air permeability up to 90 dm ³ / m ² -s, for example, woven 20 terylene. The front sections 9 of the cape 3 for removing exhaled air are made breathable (at least 300 dm ³ / m ² -s, and the front edges of the cape are equipped with means 25 10 for fixing them, allowing you to adjust the grip force for air, located in the direction of large venous vessels of the human neck and attached to the pipe 11.

_Зд Оболочки шлема 1 и 2 разделены зазором и образуют воздуховод 12. В передней части шлема предусмотрена щель 13, в которую убирается прозрачный щиток 1.4, выполненный в виде овала по форме лица человека ³⁵ ,и лобовой части корпуса шлема, а с боков на уровне ушей имеются вырезы для крепление наушников пружинами 15. Внутри шлема размещено известное подтулейное устройство, ⁴⁰ обеспечивающее подгонку шлема под индивидуально различные типоразмеры головы (не показано). _H d The shells of the helmet 1 and 2 are separated by a gap and form an air duct 12. A slit 13 is provided in the front of the helmet, into which the transparent shield 1.4 is removed, made in the form of an oval in the shape of a person’s face ³⁵ , and the front of the helmet, and on the sides at the level ears have cutouts for attaching the headphones with springs 15. Inside the helmet there is a well-known sub-body device ⁴⁰ that allows the helmet to fit individual individually different sizes of the head (not shown).

Воздуховоды 8 и 12 через патрубок 11 и воздухоподводящий шланг ⁴⁵ 16 с регулятором 17 соединены с источником подачи воздуха из числа известных (баллон, магистраль сжатого воздуха или отдельный передвижной компрессор типа КС-Э-ЗМ, ⁵⁰ КПУ-3 или О-38А),'доукомплектованным влагоотделителем’, фильтрами, теплообменником и кондиционером, например ИК-1.Air ducts 8 and 12 through a pipe 11 and an air supply hose ⁴⁵ 16 with a regulator 17 are connected to a known air supply source (cylinder, compressed air line or a separate portable compressor of the type KS-E-ZM, ⁵⁰ KPU-3 or O-38A), 'fully equipped dehumidifier', filters, heat exchanger and air conditioning, e.g. IK-1.

Шлем работает следующим образом.The helmet works as follows.

В рабочем положении (см. фиг.1) при подключении патрубка 11 к источнику подачи воздуха очищенныйIn the working position (see figure 1) when connecting the pipe 11 to the air supply source, cleaned

986929 6 подогретый или охлажденный воздух под избыточным давлением подается в воздуховод 12 между оболочками986929 6 heated or cooled air under excessive pressure is fed into the duct 12 between the shells

I и 2 Шлема, участвует в теплообмене с внутренней оболочкой-шлема 5 2, обдувает лицевой щиток 14, поступает в зону дыхания и вместе с выдыхаемым воздухом(,удаляется через передний'' воздухопроницаемый отдел пелерины 3. ЮI and 2 Helmets, participates in heat exchange with the inner shell-helmet 5 2, blows around the face shield 14, enters the breathing zone and, together with the exhaled air (, is removed through the front '' breathable section of the cape 3. Yu

Воздух, поступающий из патрубкаAir coming from the nozzle

II в каналы 8 для воздуха в пеле- рине 3, надувает ее, защищая зону дыхания от подсоса наружного воздуха, .участвует в тегуюобмене с . <5 кожей шеи (согревая ее или способствуя отведению избыточного тепла) и удаляется через отверстия в каналах по нижнему краю пелерины. Усилия охвата шеи регулируется сред- 20 ствами закрепления 10 передних краев пелерины, а пережатие крупных венозных сосудов шеи предотвращается движением воздуха по 'воздуховодам 8, расположенным в направле- 25 нии оттока крови по крупным венозным сосудам шеи человека, что способствует эвакуации крови.II into the air channels 8 in the drape 3, inflates it, protecting the breathing zone from the suction of outside air, takes part in the tag exchange with. <5 by the skin of the neck (warming it or contributing to the removal of excess heat) and is removed through holes in the channels along the lower edge of the cape. The efforts to reach the neck are regulated by means of securing 10 front edges of the pelerine, and the clamping of large venous vessels of the neck is prevented by the movement of air along the air ducts 8 located in the direction of the outflow of blood through the large venous vessels of the human neck, which facilitates the evacuation of blood.

Защита органов дыхания от действия токсичных веществ осуществля- зо ется в рабочем положении шлема (см. фиг, 1) при опущенном лицевом щитке 14 и застегнутой пелерине 3 посредством подачи через патрубок 11 и воздуховод 12 в подшлемное ₃₅ пространство и в зону дыхания очищенного /воздуха под избыточным давлением, что препятствует проникновению в зону дыхания наружного воздуха через передний воздухопроница- ₄₀емый отдел 9 пелерины 3, предназначенный для удаления продуктов дыхания. Предотвращение сдавливания. венозных сосудов шеи обеспечивается расположением воздуховодов ₄₅пелерины в направлении крупных зон шеи и регулированием усилий охвата шеи средствами закрепления передних краев пелерины.Respiratory protection from the action of toxic substances is carried out in the working position of the helmet (see Fig. 1) when the face shield 14 is lowered and the drape 3 is fastened by feeding through the pipe 11 and air duct 12 into the helmet-mounted space ₃₅ and into the breathing zone of purified / air under excessive pressure, which prevents the penetration of outside air into the breathing zone through the front breathable section _{40 of the} cape 3, designed to remove respiration products. Prevention of squeezing. venous vessels of the neck is provided by the location of the ducts _{45 of the} capis in the direction of large areas of the neck and the regulation of the efforts of the neck to secure the front edges of the capis.

Наушники, закрепляемые в вырезах на боковых поверхностях шлема, обес печивают защиту органов слуха от производственного шума.Headphones fixed in cutouts on the side surfaces of the helmet provide hearing protection from industrial noise.

Claims

The invention relates to personal protective equipment, in particular, helmets designed to protect the head, neck, eyes and respiratory organs when performing installation and emergency operations in air contaminated with dust particles, acid gases, aerosols and organic vapors, x of deserts, hot and cold climatic regions, and can be used in the oil and gas industries in the drilling, production and processing of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases. A helmet, made in the form of a helmet with a viewing window, is known to have inner and outer envelopes forming the air duct, and a taperine t1 is installed in the neck of the helmet. However, this helmet does not effectively protect the respiratory organs when the content of toxic substances in air is 0.5 vol. and more or less oxygen about 16. and it is tedious to work in conditions of high temperature in hot climatic regions, as well as in conditions of low temperatures in cold climatic regions. In addition, the helmet can not be transformed into a helmet when the external environment changes, namely when the ambient temperature rises and there is no gas, and the cape is not adapted to protect the neck from dust storms and acidic gases, such as sulfur dioxide, which is in operation with human sweat, in open areas of the skin sulfuric acid, which starts to irritate the skin. . The closest technical solution to the invention is a helmet containing the inner and outer shells installed one with respect to the other relative to the other, a transparent face shield entering the inter- region gap. 3E do the shells, a cape installed in the human neck region and fixed to the lower part of the outer sheath, as well as an air supply nozzle into the gap between the shells, mounted on the outer sheath and connected to the air supply source S.2D. The disadvantage of such a helmet is insufficient breathing comfort, as well as insufficient protection in conditions of high temperature, in hot climatic regions, and in conditions of low temperatures. The aim of the invention is to improve the reliability of protection from the effects of the external environment and to ensure the comfort of breathing. The goal is achieved by the fact that in a helmet containing inner and outer shells installed with a gap relative to each other, a transparent face shield, included in the sheath gap, a cape, placed in the human neck region and attached to the lower part of the outer sheath, as well as the air inlet to the gap between the shells, fastened on the outer shell and shared with the air supply source, the drape is made multi-layered in the form of a package of fabrics from the inner removable breathable lining, heat-insulating layers and anti-wind Teplootrazhatelnyj waterproof outer layer being placed in the package corrugated ducts breathable fabric placed between the backing and a removable air-permeable thermal insulation layer disposed in the direction of large venous vessels of the neck and communicated via the air supply pipe into the gap between the shells with the air supply source. The inner shell of the helmet can be made of heat-conducting material, and the outer shell is covered with a heat insulating layer. FIG. 1 shows the proposed helmet, side view; in fig. 2 - helmet, transformed into a helmet; in fig. 3 is a section A-A in FIG. 1. The helmet body is made in the form of a helmet and constitutes the outer shell 1 of heat-insulating material, the inner shell 2 of heat-conducting material, such as aluminum, is attached around the perimeter, and the cape 3, which extends from the shoulders and protecting the neck, nape and lateral areas of the face from external influences. The drape is made of a package of fabrics with a thermal resistance of up to 0.5 m deg / W, consisting of an outer layer made of waterproof heat-reflecting fabric (for example, DS-23 fabric), an anti-wind blowing 5, a fabric with an air permeability of 7-10 dmVM - s , heat insulating interlayers 6 and removable air-permeable lining 7. Between the lining and interlayers are tubular channels - air ducts 8 made of fabric with Air Permeability up to 40, for example, woven terylene. The anterior sections 9 of the cape 3 for removing the exhaled breath are breathable (at least 300 dm, and the front edges of the cape are equipped with means 10 for fastening them, allowing you to adjust the coverage force for the air, located in the direction of the large venous vessels of the neck of the person and attached to the pipe 11. The shell of the helmet 1 and 2 are separated by a gap and form the air duct 12. In the front part of the helmet there is a slot 13, in which a transparent shield 1A is removed, made in the form of an oval in the shape of a human face and the frontal part of the body helmet, and from the sides at the ear level, there are cutouts for fastening the headphones with springs 15. Inside the helmet there is a well-known podtuleyn device, which fits the helmet under individually different head sizes (not shown). Air ducts 8 and 12 through fitting 11 and air inlet hose 16 with adjustable the torus 17 is connected to a source of supply of air from the known ones. Seallrn, compressed air line or a separate mobile compressor of the type KS-E-ZM, KPU-3 or 0-38A), supplemented with a dehumidifier, filters, heat exchanger and onditsionerom, e.g. IR-1. The helmet works as follows. In the working position (see Fig. 1), when connecting the nozzle 11 to the air supply source, cleaned heated or cooled air under excessive pressure is supplied to the duct 12 between the shells I and 2 of the Helmet, participates in heat exchange with the inner helmet-shell 2, blows the face shield Tt enters the breathing zone and, together with the exhaled air 1, is removed through the front airTermeable section 9 of the cape 3. Air coming out of pipe IIb channels 8 for air in the cape 3, inflates it, protecting the breathing zone from the outside air leaks. It is in the tag exchange with. neck skin (warming it or contributing to abstraction of excess heat) and is removed through the holes in the channels along the bottom edge of the cape. If the neck coverage is adjusted by means of fixing 10 front edges of the neckline, the clamping of the large venous vessels of the neck is prevented by air movement along the air ducts 8 located in the direction of the blood outflow through the large venous vessels of the person’s neck, which promotes the evacuation of blood. Respiratory protection from the effects of toxic substances is carried out in the working position of the tank (see Fig. 1) with the front face shield 1 down and the buttoned pelerine 3 lowered by feeding through the nozzle 11 and the air duct 12 into the under-hood and into the breathing zone of the cleaned / overpressure, which suppresses penetration into the breathing zone of the outside air through the front air-permeable section 9 of the cape 3, designed to remove respiratory products. Prevention of compression of the venous vessels of the neck is provided by by positioning the air ducts of the cape in the direction of large areas of the neck and by adjusting the efforts of the neck coverage by means of fastening the front edges of the cape. Headphones, mounted in a notch on the side surfaces of the helmet, both 6 bake hearing protection from industrial noise. Claim 1, a helmet comprising inner and outer shells installed with a gap relative to each other, a transparent face shield included in the gap between the shells, a cape; attached to the lower part of the outer shell, as well as an air inlet to the gap between the shells, mounted on the outer shell and communicated with an air supply source, characterized in that with a chain to increase the reliability of protection from environmental influences and ensure breath comfort, the pelerine is made of a multi-layered in the form of a package of fabrics from the inner removable breathable lining, the heat insulation and the anti-wind interlayers and the heat-reflecting waterproof of the outer layer, wherein a packet placed corrugated ducts breathable fabric placed between the backing and a removable air-permeable thermal insulation layer disposed in the direction of large venous vessels of the neck and communicated via the air supply pipe into the gap between the shells with the air supply source. 2, a helmet according to claim 1, distinguished by the fact that the inner shell of the helmet is made of thermally conductive material, and the outer shell is covered with a heat insulating layer. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR W 571275, cl. A 62 B 7/10, 1979.

2. For the UK UK №1А2б63ч, кл. A 62 B 7/10, 1976.