SU983087A1

SU983087A1 - Apparatus for producing staple fibre of silicate melt

Info

Publication number: SU983087A1
Application number: SU813321926A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Сергей Семенович Борисов; Валентин Филиппович Лясин; Петр Иванович Богданов; Борис Борисович Кондаков
Priority date: 1981-06-03
Filing date: 1981-06-03
Publication date: 1982-12-23

Description

Изобретение относится к промышленности строительных материалов, в частности к оборудованию по производству теплоизоляционных строительных материалов.The invention relates to the building materials industry, in particular to equipment for the production of heat-insulating building materials.

Известны устройства для получения штапельного волокна из термопластичных материалов, например, содержащие фидер с питателем и центрифугально-фильерно-дутьевую машину, в которой формование волокон осуществляют путем подачи расплава в центрифугальную чащу с фильерами в боковой стенке, через которые продавливается (центрифугируется) расплав в виде струек, с последующим раздувом их в волокна кольцевым высокоскоростным потоком горячих газов, выходящих через кольцевое сопло камеры сгорания [1].Known devices for producing staple fiber from thermoplastic materials, for example, containing a feeder with a feeder and a centrifugal-die-blasting machine, in which the fibers are formed by feeding the melt into a centrifugal thickener with dies in the side wall, through which the melt is pressed (centrifuged) in the form streams, followed by blowing them into fibers with an annular high-speed stream of hot gases exiting through the annular nozzle of the combustion chamber [1].

Недостатком этих устройств является небольшой срок службы центрифугальных чаш. Указанный недостаток обусловлен тем, что, она работает в напряженных термических и механических условиях. При этом, расположенный на постоянном расстоянии от пламени горелки, фильерный пояс нагревается по высоте неравномерно !(перепад достигает 'The disadvantage of these devices is the short life of the centrifugal bowls. This drawback is due to the fact that it works in intense thermal and mechanical conditions. At the same time, located at a constant distance from the burner flame, the die belt heats in height unevenly! (The difference reaches'

70°С). В связи с этим расплав стекломассы центрифугируется преимущественно через фильеры среднего, более нагретого пояса, . вызывая повышенный износ их (увеличивается диаметр фильер в 1,5—2 раза). Разница тем⁵ ператур стекломассы по высоте фильерного пояса ведет также к образованию волокон различного диаметра, что ухудшает качественные показатели конечной продукции.70 ° C). In this regard, the molten glass melt is centrifuged mainly through dies of a middle, more heated belt,. causing increased wear and tear (the diameter of the dies increases by 1.5-2 times). The difference in temperature between ⁵ glass melt temperatures in the height of the die belt also leads to the formation of fibers of various diameters, which affects the quality indicators of the final product.

Наиболее близким к изобретению по технической сущности и достигаемому результату является устройство для получения штапельного волокна из силикатного расплава, включающее станину, кольцевую камеру сгорания, установленный в ее корпусе шпиндель с полым валом и приводом вращения сб шкивом, центрифугальную чашу с фильерами и внутреннюю горелку [2]. 'The closest to the invention in technical essence and the achieved result is a device for producing staple fiber from silicate melt, including a bed, an annular combustion chamber, a spindle with a hollow shaft and a rotary drive with a pulley mounted in its body, a centrifugal bowl with dies and an internal burner [2 ]. ''

Недостатком известного устройства является его сложность. Конструкция центрифугальной чаши включает кольцевой теплоизоляционный элемент,, требующий точного изготовления и установки во избежание дебаланса.A disadvantage of the known device is its complexity. The design of the centrifugal bowl includes an annular heat-insulating element, which requires precise manufacturing and installation to avoid unbalance.

Индуктор должен быть оснащен генератором тока высокой частоты (6-10 или 100-300 кГц). Диаметр фильер и толщина стенки по высоте фильерного пояса выполнены различными. Несмотря на это, перепад температур стекло- 5 массы составляет от 5 до 15° С на 1 см высоты фильерного пояса.The inductor must be equipped with a high-frequency current generator (6-10 or 100-300 kHz). The diameter of the dies and the wall thickness along the height of the die belt are made different. Despite this, the temperature difference of the glass-5 mass is from 5 to 15 ° C per 1 cm of the height of the die belt.

Целью изобретения является увеличенье срока службы центрифугальной чаши и улучшение качества продукции. 10The aim of the invention is to increase the service life of the centrifugal bowl and improve product quality. 10

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что устройство для получения штапельного волокна из силикатного расплава, включающее станину, кольцевую камеру сгорания, установленный в ее корпусе шпиндель с полым валом и при- 15 водом вращения со шкивом, центрифугальную чашу с фильерами и внутреннюю горел·) ку, шпиндель смонтирован с возможностью осевого возвратно-поступательного перемещения с частотой 5—15 колебаний в минуту и 20 амплитудой, равной высоте фильерного пояса чаши. Шпиндель снабжен пальцем и кинематически соединен с приводом, а корпус кольцевой камеры сгорания выполнен изнутри с винтовым ленточным пазом. Кинематичес- 25 кая связь шпинделя с приводом выполнена в виде кривошипного механизма. Полый вал и шкив соединены подвижным шлицевым соединением.This goal is achieved in that the device for producing staple fiber from silicate melt, including a bed, an annular combustion chamber, a spindle with a hollow shaft and a rotary drive with a pulley, a centrifugal bowl with dies and an internal burner installed in its body ·) the spindle is mounted with the possibility of axial reciprocating movement with a frequency of 5-15 vibrations per minute and 20 amplitude equal to the height of the spherical belt of the bowl. The spindle is provided with a finger and kinematically connected to the drive, and the housing of the annular combustion chamber is made from the inside with a screw tape groove. Kinematic connection of the spindle with the drive is made in the form of a crank mechanism. The hollow shaft and pulley are connected by a movable spline connection.

Амплитуда колебаний, равная высоте фильер—·· кого пояса чаши, объясняется конструктивными особенностями устройства. В верхнем положении чаши пламя всегда направлено на нижнюю четверть фильерного пояса. При постепенном опускании чаши пламя, имеющее ₃₅> постоянное положение, попадает вначале на средний, а затем и на верхнюю часть поверхности фильерного пояса. При опускании чаши на высоту, большую высоты фильерного пояса, пламя не будет попадать на рабочую часть фильерного пояса и процесс раздува струек стекломассы в волокна прекратится, так как струйки будут находиться вне зоны высокоскоростного потока пламени. Для обогрева всей поверхности фильерного пояса необходимо вертикальное перемещение чаши с амплитудой не превышающей высоту фильерного пояса.The amplitude of the oscillations, equal to the height of the spinnerets of a bowl’s belt, is explained by the design features of the device. In the upper position of the bowl, the flame is always directed to the lower quarter of the die belt. With a gradual lowering of the bowl, a flame having a ₃₅ > constant position first falls on the middle and then on the upper part of the surface of the die belt. When the bowl is lowered to a height greater than the height of the die belt, the flame will not fall on the working part of the die belt and the process of blowing glass jets into the fibers will stop, since the jets will be outside the zone of high-speed flame flow. To heat the entire surface of the die belt, vertical movement of the bowl with an amplitude not exceeding the height of the die belt is necessary.

Верхний и нижний пределы частоты колебаний чаши обосновываются следующим: частота подъёмов-опусканий чаши определяет возможный перепад температур по высоте фильерного пояса. Чем чаще совершаются колебания, тем меньше перепад температур. Частота 5 колебаний в минуту (20 с одно колебание) выбрана из опытных данных, показывающих, что за это время поверхность фильерного пояса охладится не более 50-60° С, т.е. перепад будет все же меньше, чем на действующих установ4 ках. При частоте колебаний менее 5 практически не будет улучшения по этому параметру по сравнению с существующими устройствами. Как установлено экспериментально, при частоте 20 с^-1 практически колебания температур по высоте фильерного пояса не заметны (в пределах точности измерения пирометром). Дальнейшее увеличение Частоты колебаний практически бесполезно, однако ускоряет процесс износа подвижных деталей машины и механизм подъема-опускания чаши начинает работать рывками, что неблагоприятно сказывается на работе устройства.The upper and lower limits of the oscillation frequency of the bowl are justified by the following: the frequency of the raising and lowering of the bowl determines the possible temperature difference along the height of the die belt. The more often oscillations occur, the lower the temperature difference. The frequency of 5 vibrations per minute (20 s per oscillation) was selected from experimental data showing that during this time the surface of the die belt would cool no more than 50-60 ° C, i.e. the difference will nevertheless be less than on existing installations. With an oscillation frequency of less than 5, there will be practically no improvement in this parameter compared to existing devices. As experimentally established, at a frequency of 20 s ^-1, practically the temperature fluctuations along the height of the die belt are not noticeable (within the accuracy of measurement with a pyrometer). A further increase in the Oscillation Frequency is practically useless, however, it accelerates the wear of moving parts of the machine and the mechanism for raising and lowering the bowl begins to work jerkily, which adversely affects the operation of the device.

На фиг. 1 схематично представлено устройство для получения штапельного волокна, продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 - сечение А-А на фиг. 1; на фиг. 3 - узел I на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for producing staple fiber, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 - node I in FIG. 1.

Устройство содержит станину 1, кольцевую камеру 2 сгорания, установленный в ее корпусе 3 шпиндель 4 с полым- валом 5, на котором закреплена центрифугальная чаша 6, имеющая фильерный пояс 7 и распределительThe device comprises a bed 1, an annular combustion chamber 2, a spindle 4 mounted in its housing 3 with a hollow shaft 5, on which a centrifugal bowl 6 having a die belt 7 and a distributor is fixed

8. В полости вала размещена внутренняя горелка 9.8. An internal burner 9 is located in the shaft cavity.

Шпиндель 4 установлен в корпусе 3 с возможностью осевого возвратно-поступательного перемещения с частотой 5—15 колебаний в минуту и амплитудой равной высоте фильерного пояса чаши. Шпиндель 4 кинематически связан с силовым приводом 10, например, в виде пневмоцилиндра, а кинематическая связь выполнена в виде кривошипного механизма. Шпиндель снабжен г пальцем 11, а на внутренней поверхности корпуса кольцевой камеры 2 сгорания выполнен винтовой ленточный паз 12, в который входит палец 11 шпинделя 4.The spindle 4 is installed in the housing 3 with the possibility of axial reciprocating movement with a frequency of 5-15 vibrations per minute and with an amplitude equal to the height of the spherical belt of the bowl. The spindle 4 is kinematically connected with the power drive 10, for example, in the form of a pneumatic cylinder, and the kinematic connection is made in the form of a crank mechanism. The spindle is equipped with a finger 11, and on the inner surface of the casing of the annular combustion chamber 2 a screw tape groove 12 is made, which includes the finger 11 of the spindle 4.

Для вращения полого вала 5 с центрифугальной чашей 6 имеется привод 13, связанный клино-ременной передачей 14 со шкивом 15, установленным на. подшипниках в стакане 16. Полый вал связан со шкивом подвижным шлицевым соединением.To rotate the hollow shaft 5 with the centrifugal bowl 6, there is a drive 13 connected by a V-belt drive 14 with a pulley 15 mounted on. bearings in the cup 16. The hollow shaft is connected to the pulley by a movable spline connection.

Устройство работает следующим образом. Силикатный расплав через полость внутренней горелки 9 попадает в распределитель 8 центрифугальной чаши 6, вращающееся вместе с полым валом 5 от привода 13. Через отверстия распределителя расплав равномерным слоем распределяется по боковой стенке полости центрифугальной чаши 6 и под действием центробежных сил продавливается через фильеры фильерного пояса 7 в виде тонких струек, которые раздуваются в волокна высокоскоростным потоком горячих газов, выходящих из кольцевой камеры 2 сгорания. В процессе волокнообразования силовой привод 10,The device operates as follows. Silicate melt through the cavity of the internal burner 9 enters the distributor 8 of the centrifugal bowl 6, which rotates together with the hollow shaft 5 from the drive 13. Through the holes of the distributor, the melt is evenly distributed along the side wall of the cavity of the centrifugal bowl 6 and is forced through centrifugal forces through the nozzles of the die belt 7 in the form of thin streams that inflate into fibers with a high-speed stream of hot gases leaving the annular combustion chamber 2. In the process of fiber formation, the power drive 10,

983 в виде пневмоцилиндра, поворачивает шпиндель 4 в разные стороны с частотой 5-15 колебаний в минуту, и благодаря тому, что палец 11 шпинделя 4 заведен в винтовой ленточный паз 12, выполненный в корпусе 3 шпиндель $ вместе с валом 5 и центрифугальной чашей 6 совершает осевое возвратно-поступательное движение с частотой 5-15 колебаний в минуту и амплитудой равной высоте фильерного пояса 7 чаши. При перемещении центрифу- »о гальной чаши в зоне факела кольцевой камеры сгорания происходит выравнивание температуры.983 in the form of a pneumatic cylinder, rotates the spindle 4 in different directions with a frequency of 5-15 vibrations per minute, and due to the fact that the finger 11 of the spindle 4 is inserted into the screw tape groove 12, the spindle $ is made in the housing 3 together with the shaft 5 and the centrifugal bowl 6 makes an axial reciprocating movement with a frequency of 5-15 vibrations per minute and an amplitude equal to the height of the die belt 7 of the bowl. When the centrifuge moves about the main bowl in the torch zone of the annular combustion chamber, the temperature is equalized.

Использование изобретения в сравнении с известными устройствами позволяет увеличить 15 срок службы центрифугальных чаш за счет, равномерного разогрева фильерного пояса, что обеспечивает одинаковый износ фильер по всей высоте фильерного пояса чащи, а также улучшить качество тенлоизоляцион- jq ного материала за счет выработки волокон с малым разбросом по диаметру. Устройство несложно в изготовлении и надежно в работе. .The use of the invention in comparison with known devices can increase the service life of centrifugal bowls due to uniform heating of the die belt, which ensures uniform wear of the dies over the entire height of the die belt of the thicket, and also improves the quality of the insulating jq material due to the production of fibers with a small spread in diameter. The device is simple to manufacture and reliable in operation. .

Ожидаемый экономический эффект от использования одного устройства составит 4— 25 тыс. руб. в год.The expected economic effect of using one device will be 4–25 thousand rubles. in year.

Claims

(54) DEVICE FOR OBTAINING STAPLE FIBER FROM SILK-MATE MELT The invention relates to industrial building materials, in particular, equipment for the production of structural insulation materials. Devices are known for producing staple fibers from thermoplastic materials, for example, containing a feeder with a feeder and a centrifugal die-blowing machine Maitsch, in which the fibers are molded by feeding melt into a centrifuge thicket with spinnerets in the side wall, which are pressed through (centrifuged) melt in the form of streams, followed by their blowing into the fibers by an annular high-speed stream of hot gases escaping through the annular nozzle of the combustion chamber 1. The disadvantage of these devices is small Rock Service centrifugal thickets. This disadvantage is due to the fact that it works under intense thermal and mechanical conditions. P {ztom, located at a constant distance from the flame of the burner, the spinning chamber is heated unevenly in height (the difference reaches 70 ° C), and in connection with this, the glass melt is centrifuged predominantly through medium nozzles that are more heated. causing increased wear (their diameter increases by 1.5-2 times). The temperature difference between the glass melt and the height of the fibering fiber also leads to the formation of fibers of different diameters, which deteriorates the quality indicators of the final product. The closest to the invention to the technical essence and the achieved result is a device for obtaining chaplae fiber from sisaty melt, including a bed, an annular combustion chamber, a hollow shaft spindle mounted in its case, a shaft rotation drive shaft, a zetrifugal die plate and inside a die. 2. The disadvantage of a lime device is its complexity. The co-structuring of the centrifugal thicket includes an annular heat-insulating cyoin element, which requires precise manufacture and installation to avoid debalisation. 398 The inductor should be equipped with a high-frequency current generator (6-10 or 100-300 KG. The diameter of the nozzles to the wall thickness along the height of the die plate is different. Despite this, the temperature difference of the glass melt is from 5 to 15 ° C per cm the purpose of the invention is to increase the service life of the centrifuge bowl and improve product quality. The goal is achieved by the fact that a device for producing silicate melt staple fiber, including a bed, an annular combustion chamber, is installed In its case there is a spindle with a hollow shaft and a rotational drive with life, a centrifugal bowl with spinnerets and an internal burner, the spindle is mounted with axial reciprocating movement with a frequency of 5-15 vibrations per minute and an amplitude equal to the height of the spinner plate. The spindle is equipped with a finger and is kinematically connected to the drive, and the case of the annular combustion chamber is made from the inside with a screw band groove. The kinematic connection of the spindle with the drive is made in the form of a crank mechanism. The hollow shaft and the pulley are connected by a movable spline joint. The amplitude of oscillations, which is equal to the height of the filament, is explained by the design features of the device. In the upper position of the flame bowl, it is always directed to the lower quarter of the die plate. With a gradual lowering of the bowl of flame, which has a constant position, it first falls on the middle and then on the upper part of the surface of the drawplate. When the bowl is lowered to a height, a greater height of the spin plate will fall on the working part of the spin plate and the process of blown glass mass streams into the fibers will stop, as the streams will be outside the zone of high-speed flame flow. To heat the entire surface of the draw plate, vertical mixing of the bowl with an amplitude not exceeding the height of the draw plate is necessary. The upper and lower limits of the frequency of oscillation of the bowl are justified by the following: the frequency of lifting and lowering the bowl determines the possible temperature difference along the height of the draw plate. The lower the temperature (the oscillations are made, the lower the temperature difference. The frequency of 5 oscillations per minute (20 s one oscillation) is selected from experimental data, which show that during this time the surface of the spunbond will cool no more than 50-60 C, i.e. the difference will still be less than in existing installations. With an oscillation frequency of less than 5, there will be practically no improvement in this parameter as compared to existing devices. As established experimentally, at a frequency of 20, practically no temperature fluctuations in the height of filaries are visible (within pyrometer measurement accuracy. A further increase in the “Frequency of oscillation is almost useless, however, it accelerates the wear process of the moving parts of the machine and the bowl lifting-lowering mechanism starts to work with jerks, which adversely affects the operation of the device. Fig. 1 schematically shows a device for producing staple fibers , longitudinal section; in Fig. 2 - section A-A in Fig. 1; in Fig. 3 - node G in Fig. 1. The device comprises a frame 1, an annular combustion chamber 2, which has a spindle 4 with hollow 3 in its case 3 shaft 5, on the centrifugal bowl 6 is fixed with an opener; it has a spherical c 7 and a distributor 8. An internal burner 9 is placed in the shaft cavity. The spindle 4 is mounted in the housing 3 with the possibility of axial reciprocating movement with a frequency of 5-15 vibrations per minute and an amplitude equal to the height of the spherical sa bowl. The spindle 4 is kinematically connected to the power drive 10, for example, in the form of a pneumatic cylinder, and the kinematic connection is made in the form of a crank mechanism. The spindle is provided with a Finger 11, and on the inner surface of the casing of the annular combustion chamber 2 there is a helical belt groove 12, into which the finger 11 of the spindle 4 enters. To rotate the hollow shaft 5 with the centrifuge bowl 6, there is an actuator 13 connected with a V-belt drive 14 with a pulley 15 mounted on bearings in a glass 16. The hollow shaft is connected to the pulley by a movable schlintsev joint. The device works as follows. Silicate melt through the cavity of the inner burner 9 enters the distributor 8 of the centrifugal bowl 6 rotating with the hollow shaft 5 from the drive 13. Through the distributor holes the melt {is uniformly distributed through the side wall of the cavity of the centrifugal bowl 6 and under the action of centrifugal forces through the filler die Ca 7 in the form of thin plugs, which are blown into the fibers by a high-speed stream of hot gases leaving the annular combustion chamber 2. In the process of fiberglass: calling the actuator 10, in the form of a pneumatic cylinder, rotates 4 in different directions with a frequency of 5-15 to banya per minute, and due to the fact that the pale 11 spindle 4 is inserted into the helical ribbon groove 12, the spindle in the casing 3 4, together with shaft 5 and centrifugal bowl 6, makes axial reciprocating movement with a frequency of 5–15 oscillations per minute and an amplitude equal to the height of the puller plate of 7 hours. When the centrifuge bowl is moved in the zone of the torch of the annular combustion chamber, the temperature is equalized. The use of the invention in comparison with the known devices allows to increase the service life of centrifugal bowls due to uniform heating of the spinning tray, which ensures the same wear of the spinnerets over the entire height of the spinning tray, as well as improve the quality of the heat insulating material by producing fibers with a small spread by diameter. The device is easy to manufacture and reliable in operation. The expected economic effect from using one device will be 45 thousand rubles. in year. Claim 1. A device for producing a staple water from a silicate melt, including a Fig. / Neck frame, an annular combustion chamber, a spindle with a hollow shaft and a rotational drive with a pulley installed in its housing, a centrifugal bowl with dies and an internal burner characterized by In order to increase the service life of the centrifugal bowl and the quality of the product, the spindle is mounted with the possibility of axial reciprocating mixing with a frequency of 5-15 oscillations per mine | Tu and an amplitude equal to the height of the filter ryugo waistband tsentrifugalioy bowl. 2. Device by. p. 1, about tl and h and rout e e so that the spindle is siabzhen with a finger and kinematically connected to the drive, and the body of the annular chamber is consolidated from the inside with a screw band groove. 3. The device according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, which is due to the fact that the kinematic coupling of the driven spindle is realized in the form of a crank mechanism. 4. Device on PP. I-3, m and o and e, wo the hollow shaft and the pulley are connected by a movable shtatsev connection. Source of information taken into account when examining 1. USSR author's certificate N 614035 l. From 03 to 37/04, 1975.

2. US patent number 3819345, cl. 65-6, 1974.