SU980741A1 - Apparatus for conducting heat-mass exchange apparatus processes - Google Patents

Description

(54) DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE

PROCESSES

one

The invention relates to heat and mass transfer apparatus for carrying out the processes of absorption and rectification and can be used in the chemical, petrochemical, food and other industries.

A device for contacting a gas with a liquid is known, comprising a housing with nozzles for inlet and outlet of interacting media, the height of which includes various contact devices: surface type, for example, a layer of stationary nozzle; spray type; bubbling type (with cap, perforated drainless and failed plates). This apparatus implements the principle of countercurrent (contact devices of the surface and bubbling type) and a motorcycle (contact devices of the spray type) 1.

The disadvantage of this apparatus is the low efficiency of mass transfer processes. For example, in nozzle and bubbling devices, the contact elements of the same stage are located on horizontal plates. The gas velocity, calculated on the total cross-section of the apparatus, usually

does not exceed 1.0-1.5 m / s, which significantly increases the cross-section of the apparatus. Under these conditions, the slightest deviation from horizontality leads to uneven distribution of the flows, the slip of gas without

5 contact with liquid, longitudinal mixing.

A known apparatus for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes, which includes a housing with inlets and outlets

, Q interacting media, a contact device in the form of annular shells installed one above the other, chutes between the shells and the upper shell with a lid 2. A disadvantage of the known apparatus is that it can be carried out only by sparging gas with a relatively small load.

A known apparatus for conducting heat and mass transfer processes, comprising a housing, a device for input and output of phases, a contact device, including cylindrical or rectangular shells installed in height, made with a smaller and larger cross-sectional area, partially inserted one into another, installed coaxially with hull and

rigidly interconnected by horizontal partitions. Horizontal partitions are installed alternately or inside a large shell over the entire cross section or outside between the small and body of the apparatus. Shell made of perforated 3.

The disadvantage of the apparatus is the impossibility of operating at high gas loads, high resistance to the outflow of gases.

The purpose of the invention is to intensify heat and mass transfer processes by reducing longitudinal mixing and ensuring uniform distribution of media flows.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in an apparatus including cylindrical or rectangular shells installed in height, alternately made with a smaller or larger cross-sectional area, partially inserted one into another, mounted coaxially with the body and fitted with horizontal partitions, the latter are placed between the shells below the upper and at the level of the lower end of the shell with a larger cross-section and above the lower end and below the upper end of the underlying shell with a lower area of the cross-section, while horizontal e partitions are supplied through one contact elements.

In order to reduce metal consumption, the shells are made with a gradual decrease in the cross-sectional area to the upper part of the apparatus.

FIG. 1 shows the apparatus, a general view; in fig. 2 - one section with shells with a stationary nozzle on the horizontal partition; in fig. 3 - the same with the nozzles.

The apparatus includes a housing 1 of circular or rectangular cross-section, nozzles 2 and 3 for the inlet and outlet of gas, nozzles 4 and 5 for the inlet and outlet of the liquid.

The contact device is made in the form of side-mounted shells with a smaller 6 and a larger 7 cross-sectional area, with the shells 6 with a smaller cross-sectional area partially inserted into the shells 7 with a larger cross-section and rigidly connected to each other by horizontal partitions (shelves) 8 Partitions (shelves) are provided on the inner perimeter with vertical partitions 9 and through one - contact elements 10.

Thus, in the contact device inside, a central channel 11 for the reaction gas is formed, from which the latter is distributed over the contact elements 10. A channel 12 for the gas leaving the apparatus is formed between the body 1 and the shells 6 and 7.

The apparatus for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes as follows.

The gas through the pipe 2 enters the Central channel 11, bounded on top of the lid 13.

From the central channel, the gas is distributed through the contact elements 10 mounted on horizontal partitions 8. The liquid enters the body of the apparatus through the nozzle 4 and moves from top to bottom. The flow of fluid along the height of the apparatus is carried out from the upstream contact element to the downstream. The gas from channel 11 is supplied to a contact element (a sieve plate, a slug type plate, a fluidized bed plate) in which it bubbles through a gas-liquid layer and interacts with a film of liquid flowing from the upstream contact element. After contacting with the liquid, the gas through channel 12 leaves the apparatus or enters the higher contact level, where the interaction process repeats and the liquid collects in the lower part of the channel 12 between the shell 6 and the housing 1 and is discharged through the nozzle 5.

This design provides an intensification of the processes, for example, when using contact elements of the surface type (stationary packing layer), by increasing the completeness of the wetting of the packing. Thus, in the packed columns, in the lower layers of the packing, there is a significant local uneven distribution of the spray liquid, which is explained by channeling and retaining, at greater depths in the packing layer, the rods of the original liquid jets supplied by the spray to the upper layers of the packing. To eliminate these phenomena, it is recommended to install redistributors for fluid flow between the layers under certain N / D ratios, as was done in the proposed design. The gaps between the horizontal layers of the packing provide gaps to the flowing layers of liquid, which allow the liquid to be evenly distributed throughout the layers of the packing.

Replacing the contact element - the gutter, for example, with an element of the type of a sieve, flop plate or a fluidized bed plate, allows to increase the rate of gas passing through the element by 1.5-4.0 times, and consequently, increase the gas load on the device.

Claims (3)

1. An apparatus for carrying out heat and mass transfer processes, comprising a housing, a device for inlet and outlet of phases, a contact device comprising cylindrical or rectangular shells installed in height, made alternately with a smaller and larger cross-section, partially inserted one into another, mounted coaxially with casing and fitted with horizontal partitions. distinguished by the fact that, in order to intensify heat and mass transfer processes by reducing the longitudinal mixing and ensuring the numbered distribution of media flows, horizontal partitions are placed between the shells below the top and at the bottom of the shell with a larger cross section and above the bottom and below the upper end of the underlying shell with a smaller cross-sectional area, with 1 H) (111 total partitions are equipped with one contact elements. 2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to reduce the metal content, the shells are made with a gradual decrease in the total area of the section to the upper part of the apparatus. Information sources, taken into account during the examination 1.Romm V.M. Absorption of gases. M., “Himi, 1976. 2. USSR author's certificate for application No. 2815743 / 23-26, cl. B 01 D 3/28, 1979. 3. The patent of Germany X 1254124, cl. 12a 5, 1968. I ёkoyo weights I / 1 2