SU980709A1 - Тазобедренный сустав - Google Patents

Тазобедренный сустав Download PDF

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Publication number
SU980709A1
SU980709A1 SU787770295A SU7770295A SU980709A1 SU 980709 A1 SU980709 A1 SU 980709A1 SU 787770295 A SU787770295 A SU 787770295A SU 7770295 A SU7770295 A SU 7770295A SU 980709 A1 SU980709 A1 SU 980709A1
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SU
USSR - Soviet Union
Prior art keywords
joint
bone
capsule
femoral
sphere
Prior art date
Application number
SU787770295A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Иванов Герчев Александър
Иванов Маранов Венелин
Original Assignee
Медицинска Академия (Инопредприятие)
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Publication of SU980709A1 publication Critical patent/SU980709A1/ru

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
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    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
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Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Transplantation (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Vascular Medicine (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)

Description

Однако незамыкающиес  разборные конструкции создают возможность дл  самопроизвольного вывиха сустава при сравнительно небольших нефункциональных нагрузках, а замыкающиес  неразборные конструкции при больших функциональных усили х могут вызвать перелом бедренной или тазовой кости, в то врем  как естественный сустав при таких максимальных неразборных конструкци х  вл етс  их трудно имплантируемым, с чем св зана необходимость отсекани  . большой части трехантерного массива Недостатком конструкций тазобедрен ных суставов с коническим телом  вл етс  часто по вл ющеес  в практике расшатывание тела в медул рном канале , что приводит к ротации и неустойчивости сустава, а оттуда и к сильным бол м, абсолютно ограничивающим любые движени  нижней конечности. Недостатками некоторых тазобедренных суставов  вл етс  отсу,тствие вариабильности во врем  имплантации в зависимости от конкретных клинических показаний и необходимость смены всего эндопротеза или целых его частей посредством вторичного разбивани  костей при реоперации из-за неудач во врем  послеоперационного периода. Так, например , при использовании эндопротеза с металлической сферой и неметаллической капсулой часто стираетс  пластмассова  капсула, что приводит к необходимости при реоперации сменить всю ацетабул рную капсулу и в результате - к вторичному травмированию тазовой кости. Цель изобретени  - создание конструкции тазобедренного сустава, который дает возможность подбора отдельных частей, компонентов его комплекта (бедренных тел и ацетабул рных кап сул ) в зависимости от конкретных клинических показателей дл  склеивани  или механического прикреплени  к кос т м во врем  операции, а также.возможность легкой и нетравмирующей смены отдельных и изношенных или расшатанных частей при возможной реоперации . Обеспечива  устойчивую фиксацию к соответствующим кост м, конструкци  должна обеспечивать и физиологическое замыкание суставной св зи, соответствующее противовывихной способ ности естественного сустава, причем должна быть разборной дл  осуществлени  легкой манипул ции во врем  операции , чтобы не создавались услови 
дл  повышени  внутреннего давлени  в модул рном канале во врем  операции.

Claims (2)

  1. Поставленна  цель достигаетс  тем, что в разборном тазобедренном суставе состо щем из двух ацетабул рных капсул (одна металлическа , с ,зазубренной внешней поверхностью.дл  механического прикреплени , а друга  металлическа  или пластмассова , пригодна  дл  склеивани  костным цементом ), и двух бедренных тел (одно пр моугольное и зазубренное в своей верхней части дл  металлического прикреплени , а другое плоское и имеет гладкие стены дл  склеивание цементом), которые св зываютс  между собой в нужной комбинации посредством включени  бедренной сферы в неметаллическое гнездо и зат жки гайкой, неметаллическое гнездо набито неразборно в соответствующее ложе ацетабул рной капсулы , охватывает три четверти сферы и имеет по своей внешней конически оформленной периферии радиальные прорези , крепежна  гайка имеет внутреннее коническое отверстие, совпадающее по размерам с отверстием неметаллического гнезда, а на гладких стенах бедренного тела имеютс  продольные каналы овального сечени . Преимущества предлагаемого тазобедренного сустава состо т в том, что разборное гнездо, в котором ротирует металлическа  сфера,  вл етс  неметаллическим и, обеспечива  минимальное трение и отсутствие биметаллического коррозионного эффекта, легко и нетравмирующе заменимо при изнашивании , а радиальные прорези по периферии дают возможность обхвата трех четвертей ротирующей сферы при сборке сустава, а после установки крепежной гайки обеспечивают замыкание сустава с силой, соответствующей физиологической противовывихной способности естественного сустава, посредством чего предотвращают случайное выламывание ацетабул рной капсулы из газовой кости или перелом кости бедра. Разборность обеих частей сустава . (ацетабул рной капсулы с неметаллическим гнездом и бедренного тела) дают возможность дл  легкой манипул ции во врес  имплантации, а продольные овальные каналы на гладких стенах бедренного тела предотвращают повышение давлени  в модул рном канале во врем  набивки тела в бедренную кость. 598 Кроме того, .тазобедренный сустав, вследствие наличи  механически закреп л ющихс  и склеивающихс  костным цементом составных частей, св занных между собой при помощи единого неметаллического гнезда/ и гайки, дает возможность дл  оператора во врем  имп;лантации или при реоперации подобрать самый подход щий способ дл  прикреплени  сообразно конкретным клиничесКИМ показани м. На чертеже даны схематические; составные части тазобедренного сустава. Смен емое неметаллическое гнездо 1 , в которое входит и ротирует сфера 2 тела 3 имеет шейку k, посредством которой набиваетс  разборно, но не допуска  ротации, в отверстие 5 ацетабул рной капсулы 6. Дл  предотвращени  вывиха сустава, перифери  7 сферического отверсти  8 гнезда 1 опускаетс  под экватор сферы
  2. 2. По периферии 7 сделаны радиальные отверсти  9i которые дают возможность при легком нажиме на отверстие 8 сфере 2 войти в rHe здо 1. В св зи с прикреплением гнезда 1 к отверстию 5 капсулы бис целью физиологического замыкани  сферы 2 в гнезде 1 к отверстию 5 капсулы при .винчиваетс  крепежна  гайка 10, котора  своим внутренним коническим отвер стием 11 прижимает прореза.нную коническую периферию 7 гнезда 1 и обеспечивает невозможность самопроизвольного вывиха сустава. Прижимание сопр жено с требовани ми свободы ротации сферы и с возможностью вынужденного самоотмыкани  при усили х, которые привод т к вывиху нормального естественного сустава. Этим предотвращаетс  перелом кости бедра или выламывание ацетабул рной капсулы. Ацетабул рна  капсула 6 с внутренней стороны имеет ложе 12 дл  смен емого неметаллического гнезда 1 и отверстие 5 дл  набивки, его шейки , а также нарезку 13 дл  завинчивани  крепежной гайки 10. С внешней стороны самозакрепл юща с  ацетабул рна  капсула 6м имеет специально оформленные зубцы И, служащие дл  заклинивани  в предварительно обработанном гнезде естественно ацетабулюма. Внешн   сторона склеивающейс  ацетабул рной капсулы 6с (металлической или пластмассовой ) оформлена каналами 15 дл  обеспечени  устойчивой фиксации к костному цементу. 9 Бедренные тела снабжены удлиненной в своей передней части площадкой 16, котора  ложитс  на кортикальный контур в основе бедренной шейки-, т. е. бедренное тело устойчиво носит т жесть тела, не погружа сь в м гкую спонгиозную ткань костного среза. Самозакрепл ющеес  тело 3м  вл етс  широким и пр моугольным с целью предотвращени  ротации относительно кости бедра. В верхней части тело 3м зазубрено зубцами 17, между которыми просверлены круглые отверсти  18. Зубцы служат дл  дополнительногорасширени  предварительно просверленного специальными напильниками отверсти  в кости бедра дл  отделени  костных стружек , которые заполн ют круглые отверсти  и пространство между зубцами и кост ми. В результате закостенени  этих стружек в послеоперационный период осуществл етс  устойчива  фиксаци  тела к кости бедра. В нижней части пр моугольное тело  вл етс  гладким , в нем с четырех сторон прореза-г ны продольные овальные каналы (9м, которые предотвращают создание повышенного давлени  в модул рном канале при забивке тела в кость. Склеивание костным цементом самозакрепл ющегос  тела 3м дает возможность заполнени  отверсти  в кости бедра необходимым количеством цемента. Поперечное сечение тела имеет форму плоского шестиугольника с закругленными средними ребрами и с продольными овальными каналами 19с на внешни ребрах, у него гладкие стены и овальные каналы 19с имеют те же функции, что и каналы 19м. Тазобедренный сустав имплантируетс  следующим образом. В зависимости от конкретных клинических показаний дл  самозакреплени  или склеивани  подбираютс  соответствующие ацетабул рна  капсула и бедренное тело. При необходимости могут использоватьс  четыре различных комбинаций: целиком склеенный или целиком механически закрепленный сустав, склеенный ацетабулюм и механически закрепленное тело или механически закрепленный ацетабулюм и склеенное тело. Обе части сустава фиксируютс  кажда  в отдельности к предварительно подготовленным кости бедра и тазовой кости . После этого сфера тела помещаетс  в сферическое отверстие неметаллического гнезда и замыкаетс  в нем посредгт5ом крепежной гайки. При репосред операции сустав ством развинчивани  гайки и компроментированна  часть замен етс  новой без выламывани  устойчиво фиксированных частей. Затем сустав снова замыкаетс . Клинические результаты после имплантации предлагаемого тазобедренного сустава  вл ютс  вполне удовлетворительными по функциональности и динамической устойчивости. Формула изобретени  1.Тазобедренный сустав, состо щий из двух ацетабул рных капсул - одной самозакрепл ющейс  6 м и второй склеиваемой костным цементом 6 с и из двух бедренных тел - одного самозакрепл ющегос  3 м и второго склеиваемого костным цементом 3с, которые св зываютс  между собой в зависимости от клинической необходимости в четырех 98 98 комбинаци х посредством металлического гнезда 1 и крепежной гайки 10, о т личающийс  тем, что неметаллическое гнездо 1 помещено в ложе 12 ацетабул рной капсулы 6 и  вл етс  разборно св занным с ним посредством своей шейки k и завинчивающейс  в нарезку 13 капсулы 6 крепежной гайки 10,1 а также имеет по своей внешней конически оформленной периферии 7 радиальные прорези 9, посредством которых оформл ет три четверти сферического отверсти  8, со своей стороны крепежна  гайка 10 имеет внутреннее коническое отверстие 11, совпадающее с конической формой периферии 7 гнезда 1, а на гладких стенах бедренного тела 3 расположены продольные овальные каналы 19. Признано изобретением по результатам экспертизы, осуществленной ведомством по изобретательству Народной Республики Болгарии,
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CS223355B1 (en) 1983-10-28
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CH636261A5 (de) 1983-05-31
DD236853A3 (de) 1986-06-25
GB2029229A (en) 1980-03-19
DE2839661A1 (de) 1979-09-20
GR66558B (ru) 1981-03-27
GB2029229B (en) 1982-12-22
YU218678A (en) 1982-06-30
TR20171A (tr) 1980-09-29
BG27580A1 (en) 1979-12-12
FR2419717A1 (fr) 1979-10-12
RO85055A (ro) 1985-03-15

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