SU978183A1

SU978183A1 - Teaching apparatus for physical body linear displacement demonstration

Info

Publication number: SU978183A1
Application number: SU813306811A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Сергей Сократович Арутюнов
Original assignee: Всесоюзное Специализированное Научно-Производственное Объединение "Союзвузприбор
Priority date: 1981-06-25
Filing date: 1981-06-25
Publication date: 1982-11-30

Description

Изобретение относитс к учебным приборам и нагл дным пособи м и предназначено дл проведени экспериментов и демонстраций законов механики движущегос тела.The invention relates to educational devices and tools and is intended to conduct experiments and demonstrate the laws of the mechanics of a moving body.

Известны учебные приборы дл демонстрации законов пр молинейного движени физического тела с призматическими или круглыми направл ющими , установленнымина основании и несущими каретку (физическое тело на воздушной подушке. Прибор, кроме того, снабжен регистратором движени с оптической системой, включающей в себ зеркало, источник света (лазер )и фотодатчик. При этом на пути движени каретки по обе стороны установлены зеркала так, что луч лазера многократно пересекает путь движени каретки, а установленна на каретке диафрагма при движении каретки прерывает луч света. Получаемые импульсы поступают, например, на осциллограф, отражакицип характер движени каретки 11.Training devices are known for demonstrating the laws of linear motion of a physical body with prismatic or circular guides mounted to the base and carrying a carriage (a physical body on an air cushion. The device is also equipped with a motion recorder with an optical system including a mirror, a light source ( laser) and photo sensor. At the same time, the mirrors are mounted on both sides of the carriage path so that the laser beam repeatedly crosses the path of the carriage and the diaphragm mounted on the carriage The carriage is interrupted by a beam of light. The resulting pulses are received, for example, on an oscilloscope, reflecting the nature of the movement of the carriage 11.

Недостаток известного прибора наличие большого количества зеркал, привод щее к значительным потер м световой энергии, что затрудн ет использование простых источниковThe lack of a known instrument is the presence of a large number of mirrors, leading to significant losses of light energy, which makes it difficult to use simple sources.

света. Кроме того, настройка зеркал производитс с высокой точностью и требует значительных затрат труда и времени, а сам прибор получаетс громоздким и сложным по конструкции.Sveta. In addition, the adjustment of the mirrors is performed with high accuracy and requires a significant investment of labor and time, and the device itself becomes bulky and complex in design.

Цель изобретени - - упрощение конструкции прибора.The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of the device.

Поставленна цель достигаетс тем, что в приборе, содержащем основание The goal is achieved by the fact that in the device containing the base

10 с направл ющей, каретку, установленную на направл ющей и регистратор движени с оптической системой, включающей в себ зеркала, источник света и фотодатчик, регистратор дви15 жени содержит светонепроницаемую пластину с р дом отверстий, установленную на основании, и два лученаправител с отверсти ми, при этом зеркала расположены в лученаправи20 теле, а отверсти установлены на каретке по оба стороны пластины таким образом, что одно из отверстий одного лученаправител расположено против источника света, а другого 10 with a guide, a carriage mounted on the guide and a motion recorder with an optical system including mirrors, a light source and a photosensor, the motion recorder contains an opaque plate with a number of holes mounted on the base and two beam guides with holes the mirrors are located in the beam path and the holes are mounted on the carriage on both sides of the plate so that one of the holes of one beam guide is located opposite the light source, and the other

25 против фотодатчика, причем вторые . отверсти лученаправителей расположены на линии, перпендикул рной р дУ отверстий пластины.25 against the photo sensor, and the second. The radiator holes are located on a line perpendicular to the row of plate holes.

Claims

FIG. 1 shows a training device for demonstrating linear displacements of physical bodies, side view; in fig. 2 - the same, front view; in fig. 3 is a diagram of the passage of a beam from a light source. The device contains guide pipes 2 with holes 3 fixed on the base 1 and along with the compressed air misalignment, on which the carriage 4 is mounted with two parallel mirrors 5 and 6 mounted on it placed in the beam guides 7 and 8 with the windows 9-11 and a calibrated window 12. The mirrors 5 and 6 are placed on both sides of the plate by a number of holes 13 at an angle of 45 to it. The width of the window 12 is equal to the width of the lumen of the holes 13. On the base 1, an opaque ruler 14 is also fixed with a scale of 15 and parallel to the guide tubes.

2. On the lower side of the ruler 14, mobile sights 16 are mounted to fix the beginning and end of the movement of the carriage 4. The plate with holes 13 is made, for example, in the form of a film with alternating, constant pitch, transparent and opaque vertical stripes and fixed in The window of the ruler 14 or in the form of a grid of opaque sheet material. The optical part of the device also consists of a source 17 of a parallel light beam (incandescent lamp or laser 18) mounted on the right side of the base 1, and a photodetector 19 with a photodiode A sensor 20 mounted on the left end of the base 1. The axes of the source 17 of the light and the photodetector 19 are parallel to each other and are located on the same level on opposite sides of the ruler 14. The photosensor 2.0 is electrically connected via an electronic, converter with an oscillograph or light display panel (not shown). . When the carriage 4 moves on an air cushion created by a source of compressed air in the working gap on the control tubes 2 and the carriage 3, the light beam reflected from the mirror 5, the passage through the holes 13 of the plate and the calibrated window 12, is interrupted the mirror 6 enters the photo sensor 20 in the form of pulses reflecting the character of the movement of the carriage 4. The frequency of these pulses depends on the speed of the carriage 4. After the pulses are converted in the electronic unit / on the oscilloscope screen or on the display light panel and kinematic characteristics of the motion of the carriage 4. The proposed technical solution allows to considerably simplify and cheapen training device without damage to the quality of studies and demonstrations of the laws of linear displacement by the use of a cheaper light source and a simplified system of mirrors. In addition, it reduces the size of the device and greatly simplifies the process of tuning the optical system. Claims An educational device for demonstrating linear movements of physical bodies, comprising a base with a guide, a carriage mounted on a guide, and a motion recorder with an optical system including mirrors, a light source and a photosensor, characterized in that the structure, the registrar of motion contains an opaque plate with a series of holes, mounted on the base, and two beam radiators with holes, at the same time mirrors are located in the beam guide, and the holes are mounted on the carriage on either side of the plate so that one of the holes of one luchenapravitel arranged against the light source, and the other against the photodetector, wherein the second openings luchenapraviteley disposed on a line perpendicular to the row of the plate holes. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 758237, cl. G 09 B 23/08, 08/25/1980.

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15

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FIG. 2