SU964444A1 - Method of photogrammetric locating of ground points - Google Patents

Description

  one .

The invention relates to aerial geodesy, in particular to aerial surveying of a territory for creating situational photo plans and plans and can be used for performing aerial photo geodetic works.

Various methods are known for the production of aero-negatives and aerial photographs into situational photoplans and plans. In all cases, to create them at the right scale and with the required accuracy, it is necessary to have a system of coordinate points determined on a geodesic basis by thickening it, usually with the help of various methods of phototriangulation that you can use for your constructions and calculations in various The singlepair photography options, i.e. the distance between two centers of 20 contiguous aeronegatives, and the reduction of all points of the phototriangulation row into a single geodetic system along the reference points Cl.

The disadvantage of these methods is the high labor and time costs, and the use of single bases in phototriangulation causes a rapid accumulation of errors and thereby limits its performance.

The purpose of the invention is to increase labor productivity and simplify the process.

The goal is achieved by that according to the method of photogrammetric determination of the coordinates of points of a terrain, which consists in photographing aero-negatives by route and photogrammetric processing, consisting of selecting an image of photographic bases, plotting baseline and connecting points on aero-negatives, measuring the coordinates of these points by aeronegatives, building links based on selected bases and. connecting points, reducing and combining links into a single coordinate system, photogrammetric processing of topographic even aeronegatives 396 is carried out by drawing on them images of double bases, pinning on these bases of auxiliary points replacing the working centers of even aero negative, and connecting points on a triple overlap, while the processing of odd aero-negatives is carried out by transferring the ba to them. The scored and populated points of even aeronegativs, and on the measured dual basis, conditional coordinates of auxiliary, basic and connecting points, determine the coordinates of terrain points in natural quantities. Photogrammetric processing is carried out on enhanced aerial photographs, with the graphic / construction of the route being carried out from dual photographic bases on an uncut roll of transparent material. FIG. 1 shows a scheme for building links in a phototriangup-cionic rod; in fig. 2 - measurement system within each link; in fig. 3 - the scheme of combining links in the series; in fig. 4 layout, orientation points on a variety of aero-negatives. The method is carried out as follows. Aeronegativs of one route with a longitudinal overlap of at least 55% are divided into basic (even) and auxiliary (odd) ones through one (Fig. 1). Auxiliary aero-negatives puncture their own work centers and pump them into basic aero-negatives. On each of the last straight lines, connecting the cleared working centers 51 is a double basis of the link, which means that the link is formed only on the main aeronegativs. Strictly on the baieis and possibly closer to the own center of the aero-negative, they prick an auxiliary clear contour point and puncture it into adjacent auxiliary aero-negatives. In addition, in the main aero-negative, two contour points a and c are selected and punctured in the triple-overlap zone, which are also split into adjacent negative aer negatives. Only on the last ones, similar points (3 ct and 3C) are punctured in the zone of their triple overlap, defining additional directions for the subsequent joining of links into a chain. Taking the abscissa axis, the direction of the double basis, on the aero negatives, the linear linear lines (Fig. 2) on the main h-X, + X and 4 L aero-legs on the left auxiliary aeronegati + x1 are measured using a stereocomparator (monocular) or another appropriate device. .4-v Х.-Y Ic on the right auxiliary aero-negative oriented along the line Zt-G, 4Y-X -h + .l., I. 202-1 1ct 2c for 3c V 4.U V P4 44 on the same aero-negative, but oriented along line 3-14 X.; ".. ws-y 3c 111 12. 12. Calculate the Base Length value and then the corrected its length by the formula r, "o-LTG, where r and r are the distances of the centers 1 from the center 2; 11: and ti- - their excess above the level of center 2, determined by the map with their signs; H is the height of the photograph. According to the measured coordinates and the value of & o get the coordinates of the points of the link with the beginning in point 1 by the formula; HoH) 1 ° z oo and 9 .v. v lct I / V V V t ho & hoi v fl v. v ic Xt vH v v ,, - 1/1 l. 1C 1C IC 1C In this way, the conditional coordinates of the points of an isolated link in its main scale and with an arbitrary orientation are obtained. To recalculate these coordinates into a single system, they are first brought to a common scale immediately in natural quantities, i.e. to the scale of the terrain. For this, the principal scales of the aero-negatives are determined: by the readings of the radio altimeter by known methods, using the usual formula. H and taking into account the deformation of aero-negatives. By multiplying the conditional coordinates by the value of m, their values in natural quantities are obtained, but when each link is individually oriented. Then, by the differences of conditional coordinates of common centers of adjacent links (Fig. 3), each i next link is alternately converted to a common origin and rotate it by an angle of / b, surrounded by adjacent bases. To increase the accuracy and control, this angle is determined four times in two ways &} i - - :: r 14 g) Ae t.cyT × T; F or 1 i80 1 g – d t Gy 71: i The recalculation of conditional systems for turns at angles / b is carried out using well-known formulas. The principle of operation of the invention with. The plot of the route is as follows. On enlarged aerial photographs with a rigid substrate, work centers (contour points located within a circle with a center at the main point of the picture and a radius of 2:24 hours of the main distance of the aerial camera) and orienting points in the triple overlap area opposite the work centers prick up. The distance between work centers (double bases) is measured with a three-dimensional meter or with a coordinate system. On a transparent basis (on a non-cut NS roll of lavsan, etc.), first they draw a straight line and lay the Dual Baseline length measured on an aerosol photograph and reduced to a given scale by radio height indicators. Then, the ends of the basis on a transparent basis are alternately aligned with the working centers of the aerial photographs (the orientation of the basis in the direction of the orienting points from centers 1 and 3. After that, on plastic, through point 3 and the auxiliary point, they put the double basis 3 -5, measured on snapshot IV and reduced to a predetermined scale.Then, the ends of the dual basis 3-5 on a transparent basis are alternately aligned with the working centers 3 and 5 (the reference point of the base is directed to the second auxiliary point), and from the center 5 and onto the orienting points. Further, all actions are repeated with a basis of 5-7, etc. At the beginning and at the end of the row they include at least one contour point, the geodesic coordinates of which are known. d in the geodetic system. The application of the proposed method allows to significantly improve the accuracy of determining the coordinates of points, because the bases as well as the directions to the orienting points are independent. As a result, the law of accumulation of perturbations of a number changes: the magnitude of the error in the most distant, 113 and not part of the series is proportional to L -.c (where n is the number of aerial photographs, as in the ordinary phototriangulation radar; The method allows the use of large magnifications at various magnification factors, measurements are made with the help of a bar meter and a coordinate gauge (digitizer), whereas when measuring by aeronegatives, the accuracy of the aaviep h instrument must be more directly proportional to the coefficient This is an increase in the photographic image (the ratio of the scale of the manufactured plan and the aeronegative). The method reduces the cost of production by an average of 10-2%, which in the first year of use in the USSR fur systems can give an annual saving of 100-2OO thousand rubles. The outcome of the fact that the volume of work on phototriangulation in VISKHAGI is about 1 million rubles annually t o r m u pa and 3 o brie n 1, The method of photogrammetric determination of coordinates of terrain points, consisting in survey of aero-negatives along the route and photogrammetric processing, consisting of It consists of choosing from the basis of photographic bases, plotting basic and tie points on aeronegativs, measuring the coordinates of these points by aero-negatives, building links based on selected bases and linking

points, reducing and combining the stars into a single coordinate system, characterized in that, in order to improve productivity and simplify the process, only even aeronegatives are photogrammetrically processed by drawing on them bases, subtitling auxiliary points on these bases, replacing work centers of even aero negatives, and connecting points on a triple overlap, while processing odd aero negatives are carried out by transferring base and auxiliary points on them x aeronegativs, and on a double basis, conditional coordinates of auxiliary,

reference points and tie points determine the coordinates of the terrain points in natural quantities.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the photogrammetric processing is carried out on aerial photographs, and graphic ones. The route is built from dual photographic bases on an uncut roll of transparent material.

Sources of information taken into account in the examination

1. Bopshchakov, L. D., Multimarch-graphoanalytical phototriangulation. Abstract. dis, on, academic, degree of candidate. tech. jiayK, M., 1958, p. 3, 4, 14, 16 (prototype).

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Claims (2)

1. The method of photogrammetric determination of the coordinates of terrain points, which consists in shooting aeronegatives along the route and photogrammetric processing, which consists of selecting images of photographing bases, applying base and tie points on aeronegative, measuring the coordinates of these points _t by aeronegative, constructing links based on selected bases and binders points, reducing and combining the links into a single coordinate system, characterized in that, with a chain of increasing labor productivity and simplifying the process, they conduct photogrammetric processing of only even aeronegative ones by applying the image of double bases on them, pricking auxiliary points on these bases replacing the work centers of even aeronegative and tie points on a triple overlap, while processing the odd aeronegative by transferring base and auxiliary points of even aeronegatives, and from the measured double basis, conditional coordinates of auxiliary, base and tie points determine the coordinates of the terrain points in natural GOVERNMENTAL values. 2. The method of pop. 1, I want to say that the photogrammetric processing is carried out using enlarged aerial photographs, moreover, graphic ones. route construction is performed from dual photography bases on an uncut roll of transparent material. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. L. Bolshakov. Multi-route graphoanalytic phototriangulation ^