SU960869A2 - Device for reading graphic data - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to automation and computer technology and can be used to enter graphic and information formations into electronic MaimfHbi computing.

By octroBHOMy auth. St. No. 877584, there is a known device containing a tablet with point successors of signals installed on it, connected via corresponding amplifiers-formers “to the inputs of the switch, the output of which is connected to one of the subtractor frequencies ,. connected to the input of an integrator consisting of a synchronization unit, a counter, an integrating node, two

keys, code comparison node, frequency divider and signal chopper, serially connected coordinate transmitter, control node and information output unit, viewer-emitter connected to an amplifier, reference pulse generator connected to a divider often Ti i p with one V3 input code-converter converter, another input which is connected to the integrator output, and output to the second frequency subtractor code, de: error sign tector connected to the auxiliary output of the subcontrol unit in the control input of the reference pulse generator in, and a control unit having an input connected to the output of the frequency divider and the outputs are connected to the gate COO- sponding switch inputs calculator coordinate information output unit and an integrator, the second control input of which yuschy podklk chen to another output of the frequency divider 1.

However, in this device, when the frequency of the reference pulse generator is changed, in order to compensate for errors in reading information, it is activated.  Depending on the temperature, pressure and humidity of the air, the frequency of the emitted signal also changes.  In this case, in the circuit vzvir-vzluchatel receiver signal.  , the amplifier-driver of the phase error occurs, since the phase of the signal at the output of any mechanical and electrical oscillatory system depends on the frequency of the exciting signal | Nala.  This error cannot be k (m 1 pentaff due to the frequency jmi tuning, since by checking the frequency the errors of the distance codes from the emission point to the reception points of the ultrasonic signals are corrected, while the phase errors for each The three detectable distances are approximately the same.  In practice, this leads to a decrease in the accuracy of the device, especially when it is necessary to work in a wide range of changes in tilperature,. air pressure and humidity.  The aim of the invention is to improve the accuracy of the device "agwa.  This goal is achieved by introducing a memory element and an additional generator into the known device. -g pulses, frequency divider and switch, the additional pulse generator is connected to the amplifier of the emitted signal through an additional frequency divider, the installation inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the main frequency divider, the installation inputs of the memory cement are connected to the corresponding output of the integrator and the subtractor clock, the additional inputs the switch is connected respectively to the outputs of the error sign detector, the memory element and the control unit, and the output to the control input of the reference pulse generator at .  FIG.  1 is a block diagram of a device for reading graphic information; in fig.  2 - timed signal chart of the device.  The device (FIG.  1) contains a plate 1, a free-moving vsr-emitter 2 and acoustically associated with it three point receivers of 3 signals through the air.  The distance between adjacent receivers 3, fixed on platform 1 on a straight line, is 4-.  With the output of the generator 4 reference pulses, through the frequency divider 5, the installation inputs of an additional frequency divider 6 are connected, the output of which is connected to the amplifier 7, and the second input and the additional generator 8 pulses.  The outputs of the receivers 3 through the ycwr bodies “-formers 9 and the switch 10 are connected to the input of the reader at 11 o'clock, the output of which is connected to its other input. through a series-included integrator 12 and a code-phase converter 13.  The counting input of the converter 13 is connected to the generator 4.  The second input of the integrator 12 is connected to the output of the divider 5, and the calculator 14-coordinates, the control unit 15 and the information output unit 16 are connected in series to the output of the integrator.  The error sign detector 17 and the memory element 18 are connected via a push-down switch 19 to the control input of the reference pulse generator, the input of the detector 17 is connected to another output of node 15, and the installation inputs of the memory element 18 are connected to the output of the frequency subtractor and. the corresponding output of the integrator 12.  The control unit 2O is connected to the output of the splitter 5 and to the inputs of the switch 1O ,, integrator 12, calculator 14, block 1.  16 and the additional switch 19.  The device works as follows.  The coding object is a graph, a drawing of a fixture on plate 1 (FIG.  one).  When the power is turned on, the device starts up a generator of 4 reference pulses and carrying a frequency-controlled, additional pulse generator of a 8-pulse synchronized with it.  The signal of generator 4 through divider 5 and control block 20 provides synchronization of all computational units, while the signal of generator 8 through additional divider 6, controlled by divider 5, and synchronous amplifier 7, replicates the operation of junction 2, receivers 3 and formative amplifiers 9 at a fixed frequency, selected -: Noah, taking into account the required accuracy and noise immunity of the device.  On-time diagram (phage.  2) shows the signals at the inputs and the output of the additional divider 6: the high-frequency signal of the generator 8 (FIG.  2a) and ustavny signal from the divider 5 (FIG.  26), allowing the operation of the divider 6 and providing a predetermined initial phase of its output signal, shown in FIG.  2c.  Thus, the output signal of d & 6 is a packet of pulses, the frequency of which is determined by the frequency of the signal of generator 8, and the frequency of repetition is the frequency of signal of generator 4 and the division factor of divider 5, and the frequencies of filling and repetition are not multiple since the generator 8 is frequency stabilized, and the frequency of the signal of the generator 4 is dependent on the signal entering its control input m.  At the same time, the initial phase of the signal coming from the output of divider 6 to amplifier 7 is tied to the time of the formation of the pulse package due to the initial signal from divider 5.  Divider 6 performs four futures: the gene & 8 ra- ter reduces the frequency of the signal to the frequency of the emitted signal; it interrupts the signal arriving at the radiator; synchronizes the moment of the beginning of the radiation with the signal of the generator 4 and divides the l 5, t. e.  with the work of all computing units; provides the initial phase adjustment of the device (for example, by changing the jumpers on the installation inputs of the trigger 6 of the divider).  The pulse train duration is selected taking into account the inertia of the emit & l 2, receiver 3 and amplifier 9 and for one cycle of operation of the group integrator 1-2.  The distance between two packets emitted in space is approximately equal to the maximum.  remove the radar 2 from the connectors 3 within the tablet 1.  In this case, the reflection signals do not have a noticeable effect on the accuracy of the device.  Receiver 3 detects radiation into space of pulse packets.  FIG.  2 g of the time diagram shows the signal at the output of the linear part of the amplifier of the body 9, and in FIG.  2d  the signal at the detector output is zero, which is the output of this amplifier.  The switch 1O according to the signals from the block 20 of the feathers alternately connects the inputs of the amplifiers-drivers 9 to the subtractor of 11 frequencies.  The connection time of each channel must be at least one period of the signal in the packet.  : The device is based on the Doshtler phenomenon: the emitter moves, and the signals are fixed.  At the same time, the frequencies of the signals at the outputs of the successors 3 receive Doppler shifts. Difference (Doppler) frequencies, which represent the emitter velocity V relative to the receiver, and their integrals or.  time, representing the distance B (t 1,2,3 - the number of acceptance ka) from the emitter 2 to the receivers 3, are determined in the process of operation of the phase-locked loop made up of the 11 frequency frequencies, which is the phase detector of the integrator 12 and the transducer 13 code phase.  For the correct computing situation of the 5 th standard, 6 6 “from the beginning, the correct frequency tuning of the generator 4 is correct.  This is performed by the position of the radiator 2 at the anchor point O fixed on the plate 1 near the one of the receivers 3.  Pressing the reset button included in the control unit 2O, the values in the integrator 12 register are entered and the frequency of the generator 4 is simultaneously adjusted in the following order.  According to the values of g in the register-group integrator of the code-phase converter, it generates signals whose leading edges have a phase delay, the pro- {.  pion codes of lower bits (t. e.  codes of the corresponding phases).  FIG.  Figure 2e shows the signal at the output of the co / -phase converter 13, corresponding, for example, to KJQ.  This signal is compared in phase with the received, amplified, and formed right angle signal (FIG.  2e).  The comparison takes place at the frequency subtractor 11, the output signal of which is shown in FIG.  2g.  As a reader of 11 frequencies, the D-trigger is used, to the information input of which a received signal arrives, and to the switching input - a signal from the converter 13 code-phase.  The signals shown in FIG.  2e, e, correspond to one receiver (channel), while at the outputs of the switch 1O and converter 13, there is a periodic alternation of signals corresponding to three receivers 3 and three values of e, Bg, As shown in FIG.  2D and e when I turn on. .  When the device is received, the edges of the signal received and recovered from the code will not generally coincide.  This is explained by arbitrary values at the moment of switching on both the speed of sound depending on temperature, pressure and humidity of air, and the frequency of generator 4 (the signal of which goes to the counting input of the code-phase converter 13 and, consistently, determines the phase shift recovered from the code signal).  For de {1zhk t from the moment of emission of one of the vnvtpylkov package until the moment of reception. that pulse (FIG.  6d) is equal to.  v-. c. H) where P 30 is the distance, for example, to its receiver; Vjgj- speed of sound.  On the other hand, the delay t is from the moment of the same chip to the moment of forming the front of the signal corresponding to Cjo at the output of the code-phase converter 13 (fng.  be) is equal to, c, (1) TOI where l t,.   the quantum of devices, the homogeneous frequency of the generator of the reference pulses, at the time of switching on the device  Change the PQJ frequency accordingly.  , it is possible to achieve that equality (2) turns into equality (1), which will correspond to the coincidence of the fronts of the received and recovered signals in FIG. .  2d and 2e.  In this case, the frequency of the generator 4 reference pulses will be equal to the value of TOY - a - the frequency of the generator of reference pulses after the end of the frequency adjustment, when the quantum accepts the specified value.  The change in the frequency of the goi is made when the device is put into operation by applying a signal from the output of the subtractor of 11 frequencies to the control input of the Generator 4 reference pulses.  At the same time, using the switch 19 and the memory element 18 controlled by the signal from the corresponding output of the integrator 12, the output of the frequency subtractor 11 while pressing the Reset button, information relating to only one ultrasound receiver 3, namely, the receiver closest to the point O. bindings  In accordance with the control signal from the output of the frequency subtractor 11, the frequency (frcH 2) varies.  The change {-oi and P leads to the fact that the front of the recovered signal at the output of the converter 13.  the code-phase shifter is transmitted to the front of the received signal (FIG.  2i).  Thereby, the process of initial tuning of the frequency of the 4 reference pulse generator ends.  This process can also be described by one H3. j№yx possible sequences of states of the subtractor 11 frequencies corresponding to -, o, namely, 111111 1 110101. . .  OOOOOO. . . 0001О10. . .  Thus, the adjustment process, when the Reset button is pressed, finishes with the oscillator frequency oscillation 4 reference pulses around a certain value of f th, shine to the optimal one in terms of errors of the read information codes.  This frequency adjustment is not final and only serves to correctly capture the signals in phase, respectively.  All three channels of the device.  To capture the phase of the signal corresponding to the REO, it is sufficient that the initial mismatch of the received and fixed fronts does not exceed no “i the fault of the wavelength of the emitted signal (for example, 4 mm).  This mismatch for 64 mm corresponds to a change in air temperature from -20 ° to.  This is what the temperature range of operation of the proposed device becomes - approximately four times more than that of the known device.  After the adjustment has been made for the distance o of the mismatch of the fronts of the received and restored images for 22.  These are obviously less than half the wavelength and the correct phase capture of these signals also occurs, t. e.  The number of wavelengths of the emitted signal, placed at distances of x 2-10 70 30 accuracy is equal to the specified values.  The second stage of the frequency adjustment begins with the release of the Reset button and proceeds during the entire device operation time.  In this case, the switch 19 transmits to the control input of the generator 4 reference pulses a signal from the output of the detector 17 of the error sign.  This signal (1 or O) determines the sign of the checksum E, which is calculated by the control node 15 from the information received from the calculator 14, and expresses the well-known lelogram rule - the sum of the squares of the sides is equal to the sum of the squares of the diagonals (FIG.  1): --b-. (1L 1U L If the signals are correctly captured in phase, the sum of E oscillates around zero, and its sign indicates the direction of the frequency tuning of the generator 4 reference pulses.  The integration of the E sign, carried out in the generator of 4 reference pulses, and the frequency control in accordance with the integral of the control action ensures stable and accurate operation of the device in almost any air characteristics.  The calculation of the distances P, in Q,, P is done by continuously tracking the fws of the received signals.  In this case, on the subtractor 11 frequencies, the phases of the signals of the receivers 3, corresponding to the 6th cycle of operation of the device, are compared with the phases of the signals recovered from the codes and therefore corresponding to the 1 1 st peak.  The results of such a comparison in the form of signals 1 or O (—the phase is less than i of the 1st phase or greater than it) are summed up by integrator 12 only in operating cycles when packets of emitted pulses reach receivers 3.   from each packet is compared with the position of the front of the recovered signal, the position of the front of a single pulse.  With this method, the sequence & phase-by-phase is not affected by the fact that the radiated signal is not synchronized with the signal recovered from the code.  The phase integrator 12 performs dual digital integration of the signals of the subtractor of 11 frequencies: the velocities Y, V2: V of the transducer-emitter relative to the receivers 3 and the integrals of them — the distance f, i, are determined. and finish calculating the P f values.  P, 6, necessary for obtaining the coordinates of the read points, is carried out by tracking the checksum value E, defined by equality (3).  If the value of E exceeds a predetermined threshold, the issuance of coordinate codes will be blocked.  Due to the double integration of signals, the frequency changer provides.  The required device performance (the movement speed of the sighting device is 2 to 2 m / s), despite the intermittent nature of the radiated signal and the fact that a single measured front is taken on the signal packet.  The rectangular coordinates of the tablet surface in the proposed device are calculated by the formulas -1 / p1 AG + JJL).  - F (i) T (-) 1 x which are implemented in the calculator 14.  The initial coordinate values are set in the calculator 14 by a signal from block 20 simultaneously with the setting of E e Q, Coordinates can be outputted to a punch or on a computer in a one-time readout mode for individual points, b b 1 continuous curves with the issuance of codes through specified coordinate increments and |) Random readout data by combining the sight-emitter 2 with menu cells located on the edge of the tablet 1.  These modes are performed by block 16, controlled by block 2O.  The use of the memory element 18 in the circuit and the additional generator 8 pulses, the frequency divider 6 and the switch 19 ensures the absence of phase errors and, consequently, increases the accuracy of the device operation during any fluctuations of the air environment, since radiation and reception of signals occur at a stabilized frequency, and compensation for a change in the scientific research institute of the speed of sound in air occurs only by adjusting the frequency of the reference pulse generator.  In addition, operation of the device is ensured with the correct initial frequency tuning of the generator 4 reference pulses in the range not less than –2O - + 50 ° C, while in the weighty device the operating temperature range is less than four times.  The reliability of the device increases as it becomes possible to use the p & b resonant mode of the emitter and signal receivers.  In the known device, the use of such a mode leads to excessively large errors, since the change in the phase of the oscillatory system, depending on the frequency, is especially large at the point of resonance.  In the resonant mode, the signals at the outputs of the receivers 3 are formed 1O-2O times larger in amplitude, which ensures better stability of the device against acoustic noise, and the resonant mode of operation allows you to significantly increase the size of the tablet plate: use it and use it on the plasmas.  Formula a. The invention is a device for reading graphic information on the author's certificate of the USSR No. 877584; characterized in that, in order to increase accuracy, it is. contains a memory element and an additional pulse generator, a frequency divider and a switch, moreover, an additional pulse generator with & dchnen with the amplifier of the emitted signal through an additional frequency divider, the installation inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the main frequency divider, the installation inputs of the memory element are connected to the corresponding output Int & hpaTopa and subtractor frequencies, the inputs of the additional switch are connected respectively.  The output is from the control input of the reference impulse generator.  Sources of information, taken into account at the examination 1.  USSR Author's Certificate No. 877584, cl.  -G About K 11 / OO, 02. 07 79 (prototype).

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Claims (1)

Formulas A. of the invention f A device for reading graphic information according to USSR copyright certificate No. 877584 ', characterized in that, in order to improve accuracy, it contains a memory element and additional pulse generator, a frequency divider and a switch, and an additional pulse generator is connected to the amplifier radiated signal through an additional frequency divider, 11 960869 whose installation inputs are connected to the outputs of the main frequency divider, the installation inputs of the memory element are connected to the corresponding output of the integrator and the frequency subtracter, the inputs of the auxiliary switch are connected respectively to the outputs of the error sign detector, memory element, and control unit, and the output to the control input of the reference pulse generator.