SU959051A1 - Automatic control system - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an automatic control technique, in particular, power supply of electrophysical installations. A device is known for producing two series-connected stabilized sources of constant voltage from two separate non-stabilized sources of constant voltage using two series-type stabilizers in which the base of the control transistor is connected through an resistance to an input constant voltage and with a midpoint of the voltage divider. the resistance of the resistor and the reference diode connected to the total output voltage 1 .. However, this device is powerful because ETS actuator transistors are used, the use of thyristors requires a fundamentally new re Sheni. There is also no provision for automatic selection and replacement of faulty actuators with serviceable and requiring adjustment characteristics and minimization of the voltage of the load circuit relative to the common busbar. A device is known for compensating the voltage drop on a line with active, inductive, and capacitive impedances using an automatic voltage regulator and maintaining the output voltage at a predetermined level depending on the setting range. This is achieved by the independent automatic switching of the taps of the sectional transformer according to the signals taken from the current transformers G2. The disadvantages of this device are the lack of smoothness of adjustment, automatic selection and replacement of faulty actuation devices with serviceable and demanded adjustment characteristics and minimization of the load circuit voltage relative to the common bus. A voltage regulator is known, comprising a transformer, primary and secondary windings and auxiliary windings, a contact device, an auxiliary switch and an inductor. Secondary winding of the transformer has a lot of taps. The contact device consists of a main and auxiliary selector contacts. The auxiliary contact is shifted in space relative to the main contact half the distance between the branches of the secondary winding and connected to the control winding, the voltage of which is half the voltage between the adjacent branches. The second end of the additional winding is connected to the auxiliary switch. The controller interrupts the load current of the secondary winding at half the voltage across the inductor, which is short-circuited at the time of connecting to the main contact load of the contacting device. The use of an additional winding prevents the occurrence of an electric arc at the moment of switching. taps 3.

The drawbacks of such a device are the lack of smoothness of adjustment, automatic selection and replacement of faulty actuation devices with serviceable ones and the required adjustment characteristics and minimization of the load circuit voltage relative to the common bus.

Closest to the invention is an automatic control system comprising a control converter code - control voltage, the analog output of which is connected to the first input of the current controller, the second input of which is connected to the output of the feedback signal sensor, connected in series with the load. The system contains n in series with each other connected actuating devices containing stepwise controlled thyristor rectifiers, shunted by valves, and includes an adjustable controlled rectifier with a system of pulsed phase control 4.

The disadvantages of the known system are the poor quality of regulation, determined by the stepwise activation of actuators, insufficient reliability due to the fact that this device does not automatically select and replace faulty actuators with good ones and having the required control characteristics and the absence of minimization of the load circuit voltage relative to shared bus.

Due to the high consumption of reactive power from the network by a powerful thyristor electric drive, it is necessary to place a reactive power compensator at the same power as the electric drive. Therefore, this invention can find wide application, as well as electrical equipment, also in high-power electric drives.

The power supply system of the accelerator-storage complex is an extremely energy-intensive, complex and expensive system. Therefore, it is extremely important to increase its

reliability by automatically selecting and replacing faulty actuators with good ones and having the required control characteristics.

O In the power supply system of the designed accelerator-storage complex, especially in its second stage, in which superconducting electromagnets are used, very rigid

j. requirements are imposed on the voltage of the load circuit relative to the common bus, due to the difficulty of ensuring that the load circuit is isolated from the common busbar voltage of 500. V and higher. Therefore, the designed system must ensure the minimum voltage of the load circuit relative to the common bus. This system ensures the reliability of the system and reduces its cost by reducing the requirements for insulation.

The aim of the invention is to improve the quality of automatic control with a minimum amount consumed from the network in the

0 straightening of reactive power and its rate of change.

The goal is achieved by the fact that n actuators are connected in series to each other in the automatic control system, each of which includes c. A controlled rectifier with an impulse-fae control unit is shunted by a switching device, with the input of each actuator connected to the output of a voltage regulator whose input is connected via a first switch to a common point of the circuit,

g through the key — with the output of the first bias voltage source, through the third key — with the output of one of the m integrators, the resistor is connected to the feedback circuit of each of them, and the fifth key — with the current regulator output, the input of each integrator through the sixth key is connected to the galvanic second source of bias voltage, through the seventh key 5 to the output of the third source of bias voltage, with a polarity opposite to the polarity of the second source of bias voltage, and through the eighth key with a common point

0, in this case, the integrator outputs are connected to the latch inputs of the maximum and minimum voltage values, the outputs of these latching switches, as well as the code outputs of the control converter, code control voltage, are connected to the inputs of the logic control unit, the outputs of which are connected to the control terminals the main inputs of all keys and the inputs of switching devices; In addition, two devices for comparing the absolute values of the feedback sensor voltage with the control voltage and a device for mismatching the sign of the control error with the sign of the control signal, whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the logic control device, are introduced into the system. The drawing shows {1ena block scheme of the automatic control system. The system.contains control converter 1 code - voltage, the analog output of which is connected to the first input of current regulator 2, the second input of which is connected to the output of feedback signal sensor 3 connected in series with the load 4. The system contains n serially interconnected actuators 5, including controllable rectifiers with pulse-phase control systems. Executive devices are shunted by switching devices 6. The input of each executing device is connected to the output of voltage regulator 7. The input of each voltage regulator is connected via the first key 8 to the common point of the circuit, through the second key 9 to the output of the first bias voltage source U , through the third KEY: 10 - with the output of one of the total number equal to t, integrators 11. In the feedback circuit of each integrator through the fourth switch 12 is a resistor 13. The inputs of the first group of voltage regulators Connected through switch 10 with the output of the first integrator, upper in the drawing) through fifth switch 14 is connected to the output of the current controller. The input of each integrator is connected via the sixth switch 15 to the output of the second source of bias voltage (a) and via the seventh switch 16 to the output of the third source, bias voltage, with a polarity opposite to the polarity of the second, bias voltage source, and eighth key 17 - with a common point of the scheme. The integrator outputs are connected to the latch inputs of the maximum 18 and minimum 19 control voltage values, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the logic control unit 20, the outputs of which are connected to the control inputs of all switches and the outputs of the switching devices. In addition, two comparison devices 21 and 22 of the absolute values of the feedback sensor voltage with the control voltage and the fixation device 23 of the control error mismatch sign with the control signal, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the device 20, are entered into the system. equalizing converter 1 is connected to the inputs of the device 20. The device contains p integrators with associated keys and latches of the maximum and minimum values of the control signal of the voltage regulator and the performer related devices with voltage regulators, switching devices and keys. The outputs of the latches of the maximum 18 and minimum 19 values of the control signal at the gate of the logic control device 20 are designated as X., -, and Y, and the output signals of the device 20, controlling the keys and switching devices, are indicated at the device output. 20 as A., B, C ,, 0,. E, F, G, N. At the outputs of latches 18 and 19, those Zh1B signals are designated by the letters X and Y with the corresponding numbers, and at the inputs of the keys - by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F with the corresponding numbers. The principle of operation of the system is as follows. When the system is put into operation, the signals from the code outputs of the converter 1, which enter the input of the device 20, together with the signals that enter the inputs of the device 20 from the outputs of the comparison devices 21 and 22 and the device 23, open and close the keys and switching devices using the device 20 in the circuit, in accordance with the current value of the control signal at the output of the converter 1 and the value of the feedback signal determined by the controlled variable. Suppose the system is started at. zero initial conditions of the controlled value, i.e., when the current in the load is zero, and a certain control voltage and a certain code corresponding to this voltage are established at the outputs of the converter 1. In this case, the device 20 opens the keys 10 and 15, which are related to the first (upper in the drawing) integrator 11, the output of which through the key 10 is connected to the inputs of the voltage regulator 7 of the first group of actuators to be started. The keys 12 and 17. of this integrator, as well as the keys 8 and the switchgear of the device 6 of the first group, opened before starting the system, are closed. The first integrator 11 begins to integrate the bias voltage U. The voltage at its output increases as long as the latch 18 of the maximum value does not work. The output signals of this release device 20 cause the opening of the keys 10 and 15 of the second integrator and the key 17 of the first integrator. The keys 12 and 17 of the second integrator and the keys 15 of the first integrator, as well as the keys 8 of the second start-up group (connected by inputs to the output of the second integrator of executive devices, are closed. In addition, they are closed by switching devices 6 of the second group And additional devices. The second integrator begins to integrate and, and so on, until the difference between the control signal and the feedback signal is reduced to such an extent that the comparison device 21 will work. The output signals of this device with by means of the device 20, the key 15 is closed and the key of the integrator 16 of the K-th, which is launched last, i.e. the key 15 of which is turned on at the moment of ablation of the comparator device 21, is opened. this process until the latch of the 19th K integrator works, and the keys 12 and 17 are locked and the keys of the 10th and 16th integrator are washed away. The keys of the 8th group of actuators are opened and the switching devices of this groups. In addition, the key 17 is closed and the key 16 of the previous (starting-order) (k-1) th integrator is closed until a decrease in the voltage at the output (Kl) -ro of the integrator triggers the latch 19 (Kl) -ro of the integrator . In this case, the keys of the 10th and 16th (c-1) -th integrator are disconnected, and the keys 12 and 1 for 1 are closed. The keys of the 8th (K-1) -th actuator group being started are also closed and the switching devices of this group are opened. In addition, the key of the 16 (K-2) -th integrator is opened, and so on until those hop, until just as many switched on power sources remain, as is necessary to provide a controlled quantity in statics. This number is determined by a preliminary calculation and is embedded in the structure of the logical control of the device. At the moment when the latch 19 of the last start-up step is triggered, the keys and the switching device of this step are triggered, as described for (1-1) -th and (i-l) -ro integrators. At the time of triggering the precision comparison device 22, the keys 12 and 17 of the first integrator are opened, and its key 10 is released. The key 14 is also closed. The output of the current regulator is connected to the inputs of the voltage regulator of the first group of actuators. Thus, if the load is an electromagnet, the transition process occurs quickly and with minimal overshoot. In the case of a decrease in the control signal at the output of converter 1, if the control signal at the output of this converter becomes less than the feedback signal, the latching device 23 triggers, which causes the key 14 to close and the current regulator 2 to turn off from the first group of actuators 12, integrator capacitors. . All the keys 17 are also opened and all the keys 10, 15 and 16 are closed. The keys 9 are turned on, connecting the inputs of all voltage regulators to the bias voltage U, which ensures the inverter operation of the actuators, until the comparison devices 21 again work ( state fixation device). Thereafter, exactly as many actuators as needed are sequentially entered as described to obtain a steady-state value of the controlled variable corresponding to the new value of the control signal. However, this launch is carried out with the first group of actuators derived, starting with the second group. After the reverse operation of the mismatch of characters 23, as described, the output of the current regulator is connected to the inputs of the first group, and the output of the current regulator is terminated. At a zero value of the control signal at the output of converter 1 in the actuated state of the comparison device 21, device 20 opens all keys 8, 12, and 17 and all switching devices 6, and closes all other keys. Thus, during the operation of the automatic control system in both the steady state and transient processes, almost all controlled rectifiers included in the structure of the actuating devices operate at small values of the control angles and due to this, at the same power of the device, compared to a conventional controlled rectifier operating in an automatic control system, much less reactive power is consumed from the mains. Output voltages in series with each other connected actuators containing rectifiers with pulse-phase control systems are automatically and smoothly input and output one after the other as a function of the magnitude and sign of the control error.

Claims (4)

1. The patent of Germany No. 3050151, cl. G 05 f 1/56, 1977. 2. The patent of Germany No. 2616798, cl. G 05 F 1/14, 1978. 3. US patent number 4130789, class. G 05 F 1/14, 1977. 4. Gusev O.A., Kofman V.M., Lebedev Yu.V. et al. Quality improvement adjusting the magnetic field of proton synchrotrons for slow particle extraction. - Proceedings of the Third All-Union Conference on Accelerators of Charged Particles, v.2, M., Science, 1973, p.12, fig.3. At Bi CL 3i II Fi Ir t I III ti Ut ymi And l