SU956269A1 - Thread assembling chuck - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to automation of assembly work in mechanical engineering, more precisely to devices that automate the screwing of threaded parts, such as screws, nuts.

Arrangements for assembling threaded parts are known that can react in a certain way to the process of baiting and screwing and correct its implementation, for example, in a device for orientation, baiting and tightening of nuts 1}. Baiting occurs during the lowering of the screwdriver due to non-braking screw threading in a pair of tubular spindle - tails. After baiting, which takes place with a small torque and revolutions, the gear clutch engages and the drive starts. Further screwing is carried out with large revolutions and a predetermined tightening torque.

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of reversing the spindle to prevent seizure that can occur during the baiting process.

The closest to the invention. According to the technical essence, there is a self-switching reversible thread-cutting cartridge, which prevents breakage of taps and ensures the removal of the tap from the hole due to the reverse 2.

This cartridge contains a friction clutch and a reverse mechanism in the form of a planetary gear.

15 transfers. The shank chuck is secured in the spindle of the drilling machine. If during the cutting process, the tap rests on the bottom of the blind hole, or there is a cutting moment20 oh, then the friction clutch starts to slip. In this case, the spindle-lift (by 3-5 mm) is raised by the handwheel or the handle upwards, due to this, the reverse mechanism is activated and the tap is unscrewed from the hole. The disadvantage of this cartridge is the inability to automatically turn on the reverse after seizing the cut and then the subsequent stroke. In addition, after gaining a slight moment preventing the damage of the thread, it is impossible to automatically switch to screwing and tightening with an increased torque. Such an invention is intended to increase the adaptive capabilities of the cartridge, namely, automatically switching to a predetermined number of reverse revolutions and automatically changing the magnitude of the torque on the spindle during the screwing process. This goal is achieved by the fact that in the cartridge comprising a housing with radial holes, a safety coupling, a drive shaft and a piston seated on it, as well as a connecting drive shaft and spindle, a planetary gear, the piston pins are inserted into the longitudinal grooves of the carrier, in the latter there is a groove, which is a connecting element between the radial openings of the housing, one of which is connected to the atmosphere, the other to the compressed air supply, and the third pneumatic three-membrane relay introduced into the device The valve and pneumatic capacitance: in addition, the entrance flow cavity of the pneamorele is connected to the nadporschnevny cavity of the housing and the second flow cavity of the same relay which has an outlet to the atmosphere, and the outlet of the throttles from the check valve communicates with the control cavity of the pneumorel, which is located with the second flow cavity. The same goal in the modified version of the execution of the thread-chuck is achieved by the fact that the supra-piston cavity of the housing is connected in parallel with the flow-through cavities. In two three-membrane pneumatic relays and with a choke with a reverse valve, which in turn are connected to the control cavity D of one of the relays having a low backpressure in the control cavity E, and the flow cavity B of this relay is connected through the second choke in parallel with its flow the cavity G and the control cavity E of the second pneumorelle, wherein in the control cavity D of the second relay a low backwater is formed and the flow-through cavity B of the latter is connected to both the flow-through cavity G and the over-piston cavity of the cartridge, and the flow-through floor The cores of both relays communicate with the atmosphere. FIG. 1 shows the cartridge assembly, a slit; in fig. 2 is a view A of FIG. one; in fig. 3 view B in FIG. 1J in FIG. 4 is another embodiment of the cartridge. The cartridge consists of a housing 1 in which a drive shaft 2 with a gear 3 and a spindle with a gear, forest 5 internal gear are located. On the drive shaft 2 are the piston 6 and the carrier 7, bearing the axis 8 with the satellite 9. The piston 6 contains pins 10, which pass through the longitudinal grooves 11 of the carrier 7 and are located opposite the teeth 12 (see FIG. 3) of the housing 1. On The upper end of the piston 6 and the lower end of the collar 13 of the drive shaft 2 are made of teeth 14 (see Fig. 2 | which form the safety clutch, and the pins 10 and the teeth 12 together form a coupling clutch. Through gear 3, satellites 9 and the internal gear 5 the drive shaft 2 is connected to the spindle h, which contains a key 15 with a pin 16, springs 17 and sleeve 18. Pin 16 passes through the longitudinal grooves 19 of spindle 4 and its ends go into the internal groove of sleeve 18. A stop 20 located opposite the button 21 is attached to the upper end of sleeve 18. In the piston 6 there is a groove 22, which is connected to the radial The openings 23 and 24 of the housing 1. The opening 23 is connected to the atmosphere and is located at the upper cutting edge a of the groove 22, and the opening 24 at the lower cutting edge b. Compressed air with pressure P, is constantly supplied to the radial opening 25 of the housing 1, which is below the lower cutting edge b of the groove 22 at a distance equal to the height of the teeth 14 of the safety coupling. In the cavity 26 under the piston 6, through the opening 27, the air line 28 and the check valve 29 continuously pressurized compressed air Pn, and through the pneumatic button 21, the air pipe 30, non-return valve 21, air line 28 and the opening 27 can be supplied compressed air P3, and 7 Pn. In parallel with the check valve 31, a safety valve 32 is connected. The overhead piston 33 through the hole 3, the air line 35, the flow cavity B in the three-membrane pneumatic relay 36 and the air pipes 37 and 38 communicate with the hole 2 of the housing 1. The three-membrane pneumorel Zb includes two flow cavities D and G and two deaf cavities D and E of the control, of which in one (in this case, in cavity D), the subshap pressure is created in order to fix the position of the governing body of the moving rod of the pneumorel.

In addition, the hole 2 through the air pipe 38, the throttle 39 with a non-return valve and the air pipes 0 communicate with the tank 1 and the control cavity E of the pneumoregle ST, and the hole 3 through the air ducts 35 and k2 communicate with the cavity G of the control of the pneumorele 36, and the air duct communicates with the pneumatic pulse counter (not shown). When there is no pressure in the cavity E of the pneumatic control valve B, the air supply to the flow cavity G through the air line k2 is blocked. This cavity communicates with the atmosphere, and in the control cavity D (shaded in the diagram), so-called low backwater is formed.

The cartridge must screw the bolt into the threaded hole of the part 5. In the initial position, the bolt is based in the hole of the bar 46, which is to be fixed by this bolt to the detail 5. The embodiment of the threaded cartridge shown in FIG. L is different in that the flow chamber B is connected to the air duct 38. one three-membranous pneumorel 7, similar to pneumorel 36. The empty cavities C and D of this pneumorel are interconnected via a throttle kB with air ducts and 50. In addition, the cavity D of the control of pneumorel 7 is connected to an air inlet water 38 through the throttles 51 with a check valve, and the flow cavity, G through the air duct 50 with the cavity E of the control of the pneumorel 36., In the cavity D of the control of the pneumorele 36 and into the cavity E of the control of the pneumorel 7

; low backwater, and the flow cavities of both pneumorelee G are connected to the atmosphere. Due to the low backpressure in the cavity D of the control of the pneumorelle, the airbag is in such a position that the exit of the air duct 37 to the flow cavity B is open and the air outlet to the flow cavity r is closed. A low backwater in the cavity E of the control of the pneumorele 47 fixes the position at which the outlet of the air duct 50 to the flow cavity D is open, and the outlet of the air duct 38 to the flow cavity in it is closed.

The operation of the chuck is as follows.

In the initial position of the cartridge, the piston-piston cavity 33 through the opening 3, the air duct 35, the flow-through cavity In the pneumorel ST, the air ducts 37 and 38, the opening 24, the groove 22 and the opening 23 are connected to the atmosphere, therefore the piston 6 under the action of compressed air into the cavity 26 through the check valve 29, the air pipe 28 and the opening 27, are in the upper position and closes the safety clutch. Coupling in this position is open.

The drive shaft 2 with gear 3 rotates continuously in the direction of screwing. Through the clutch, this rotation is transmitted to the piston 6, therefore through the pins 10 the carrier 7 with the axles 8 and the satellites 9, then to the wheel 5, the spindle 4 and through the slots 19 of the latter to the pin 16 and the key 15, i.e. the parts listed are rotated together as one. The cartridge body 1 does not rotate.

When the cartridge moves down (the whole cartridge moves together with the housing 1) the wrench 15 with the pin 16 and the sleeve 18 with the stop 20 stops after contact with the bolt 44, the spring 17 depresses and the housing 1 drops lower by the length of the bolt 44.

When the key 15 rotates, it seizes the head of the bolt 44 and tightens its threaded hole in the part 45. If the thread 15 is stuck because of the inaccurate position of the bolt 44 relative to the threaded hole, the key 15 and the spindle 4 with the wheel 5 stop and the drive shaft 2 with gear 3 continues to rotate . When stopped, the wheel 5 rotation from gear 3 I

through 9 and axis 8 is transmitted to carrier 7.

Drove 7 with piston 6 bu. They rotate in the same direction as drive shaft 2, but more slowly. Due to the difference in the angular velocities of the drive shaft 2 and the carrier 7 with the piston 6, the safety clutch starts to slip. At the same time, the piston 6, overcoming the force from the pressure P2 of compressed air, will go down by an amount equal to the height of the teeth 14 (see Fig. 2). Due to this, the cut-off edge b will fall below the radial hole 25, and the cut-off edge a will block the radial hole 23, i.e. the groove 22 will be disconnected from the atmosphere and compressed air will flow into it from the hole 25 by pressure P. Then this air through the hole 2k, the air ducts 38 and 37 of the flow cavity In the pneumorel Zb, the air duct 35 and the hole 3 enters this piston cavity 33 and pushes the piston 6 down, since Р 7Рп, Pins 10, moving down along with the piston 6, approach t in the depressions between teeth 12 and rests on the end C (see Fig. 3) i.e. the coupled clutch will be closed, and the rotation of the carrier 7 with the axle 8 and the satellite 9 will stop. When the carrier 7 is stopped, the planetary gear is transformed into a simple one, and the satellite-9 becomes parasitic gears, due to which the wheel 5 with the spindle k and the key 15 receive rotation in the opposite direction.

The spindle 4 rotates in the opposite direction with lower revolutions than the drive shaft 2. Thus, the spindle k is reversed with the key 15, as a result of which the jamming in the thread will be eliminated and the bolt 44 will be able to self-align itself to the threaded hole, changing its position.

The duration of the reverse or the number of reversible spindle turns k is determined by the closing time of the coupling, i.e. the duration of the period in which the piston 6 is in the lower position. And the length of this period is regulated by means of drossel 39 with a check valve as follows. When compressed air with pressure P after processing the safety clutch begins to flow into the air duct 38 and further

According to the path described earlier, at the same time, through the choke 39, through the air ducts 40, into the reservoir 41 and the control cavity E of the pneumorel 36, it enters through the choke 39. After filling the container 41 and the control cavity E, their pressure rises to P, which will cause membrane switching pneumorelle ST, with the result that the air supply to the flow cavity B through the air duct 37 will be blocked and the supply to the flow cavity D through the air duct 42 will open. Since the flow cavity G is permanently connected to the atmosphere, compressed air from the piston cavity 33 through the opening 34 and the air ducts 35 and 42 enters it and goes into the atmosphere. After that, the piston b under the action of compressed air by the pressure Pg from the bottom of the polish. 2b moves upwards and closes the safety coupling. The coupling clutch is expanded and the reverse of Spindle 4 with key 15 is stopped. By adjusting through the throttles 39, the rate at which the compressed air enters the tank 41 and the cavity E of the pneumatic control valve 36, the number of revolutions of the spindle 4 can also be regulated. When the piston 6 is in the upper position, the container 41 and the control valve E cavity of the pneumatic relay ZB through the check valve of the throttle 39 are emptied by the air duct of pollutants, hole 24, groove 22 and through the hole 23 into the atmosphere. When the pressure in the control cavity E drops, the pneumoregle 36 is switched, and it occupies the initial position described earlier.

After the safety coupling is closed, the spindle 4 with 1 switch 15 again begins to rotate in the same direction as the drive shaft 2, i.e. in the direction of screwing.

If, due to the reverse, the bolt 44 is self-mounted on the threaded hole of the part 45 with the accuracy of the assembly, then screwing will start, and if not, the reverse will be repeated.

Claims (2)

Ultimately, provided that the accuracy of thread manufacture in parts 44 and 45 allows them to be assembled, they will be oriented and screwed by a few (one or two J reversing movements.) The number of consecutive reverses is recorded by a counter of pneumatic pulses (not shown), to which they arrive through the air duct Z. With the help of this counter, after a set number of pulses, it is possible to send a signal further to the executive bodies to replace the non-conforming screwed parts with a new pair. With the key 15, the sleeve 18 with the stop 20 lowers down, the latter presses the pneumatic button 21 with its bevel and switches on the compressed air through the pressure of the RZ through the air duct 30 through the non-return valve 31 air duct 28 and the orifice 27 into the piston chamber 26, Pressure P Pi, therefore axial wedge The line on the piston 6 will increase from the bottom and the safety clutch will transmit the increased torque required to clamp the threaded joint. The amount of this tightening torque can be adjusted by adjusting the RE of the compressed air supplied through the pneumatic glass. 21. When the safety clutch is activated during the tightening process, the reversing spindle will not turn on, because the pressure P- of the compressed air acting on the piston 6 from the top of the cavity 33 is less than the pressure Pj. At the beginning of screwing in (when baiting) the torque on key 15 must be insignificant in order not to damage the thread if seizing occurs. The magnitude of this moment is controlled by adjusting the pressure Pt2 of compressed air supplied to the piston cavity 2b. . The safety valve 32 is also regulated by the pressure of the RP so that after the compressed air is turned off by the pressure P, through the pneumatic button 21 into the piston chamber 2, the pressure in the latter automatically decreases until the cartridge tightens up and the cycle repeats. , - The modified threaded cartridge shown in FIG. It works similarly to the cartridge in FIG. 1 except that the duration of the reversal of the spindle C is adjusted as follows. When the thread jamming of the assembled parts occurs and the fuse is triggered, the compressed air with pressure P- flows into the piston cavity 33 in the same way as in the first embodiment of the thread assembly cartridge in FIG. 1. Piston 6 goes down and the spindle reverse is engaged. At the same time, through the air line 33, the air, with pressure P, enters the flow cavity B of the pneumorel 7, as well as into the control cavity D of the same relay through the throttle 51 with a check valve. This opens the outlet of the air duct 38 to the flow cavity of the pneumorel 7 and blocks the exit of the air duct 50 to the flow cavity G. From the flow cavity In the pneumorel 47, air is pressure P by air duct 9 through throttle 48 and air duct 50 is fed into the cavity E of the pneumorele 36 control. this cavity increases, and the pneumoregloid Zb switches to a position at which the air outlet closes. wires 37 into the flow cavity B and opens the exit of the air duct 42 into the flow cavity r and through it into the atmosphere. The compressed air from the over piston cavity 33 through the opening 34, the air ducts 35 and 42 and the flow cavity D goes into the atmosphere, the piston 6 goes up, closes the safety clutch, and the reverse of the spindle stops. Through the throttle 51 with a check valve, the air pipe 38, the hole 24 and further along the path previously described, the control cavity D is emptied and the pneumoregle 47 switches to the initial position. Thereafter, through the air duct 50 and through the flow cavity D of the pneumorel 47, the control cavity E of the neborelle control 36 is emptied, due to which the latter also switches to the initial position. The duration of the spindle reversal with this version of the cartridge assembly is controlled by chokes 48 and 51. The technical and economic efficiency of the invention is that the threaded cartridge has improved adaptive capabilities by adjusting the throttles with a non-return valve, and in a modified version of the cartridge two chokes You can adjust the number of reversing spindle heads in very wide presets. Claims 1. A chuck assembly comprising a housing with radial holes, a safety coupling, a drive shaft and a pin mounted on it, as well as a planetary gear connecting the drive shaft and spindle, with piston pins inserted in the longitudinal grooves of the carrier; that, in order to increase the adaptive capabilities of the cartridge, a piston is made in the piston, which connects the radial openings of the housing, one of which is connected to the atmosphere, the other with compressed air supply, and the third with the devices introduced into trehmembrannym pneumatic relay throttle check valve and a pneumatic em95 bone, which in turn is pneumatically interconnected and formed in the housing above the piston cavity. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, of tl and hay shchi, and with the fact that the device is additionally introduced pneumatic three-membrane relay and a choke with a check valve, which are pneumatically connected to similar nodes and to the over-piston cavity of the cartridge body. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate "Ш67Л, кл. B 25 B 21/00, 197. 2. Malikov F.P. Cartridges for cutting tools. - Quick reference. M., Movigiz, 19bZ, p. 66-68, FIG. b9 (prototype). 3 JJ 35 / J one / - yNf; /.