SU952142A1

SU952142A1 - Needle-type separator

Info

Publication number: SU952142A1
Application number: SU813275990A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Анатолий Лукич Охрименко; Вил Лазаревич Гринберг; Александр Николаевич Обухов
Priority date: 1981-04-17
Filing date: 1981-04-17
Publication date: 1982-08-23

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению, в частности к устройствам для отделения корнеклубнеплодов от камней и других твердых примесей.The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to devices for separating root crops from stones and other solid impurities.

Известен игольчатый сепаратор, вклю- 5 чающий ведущий и ведомый барабаны с бесконечной лентой, на одной стороне которой установлены иглы [ 1].Known needle separator, including 5 leading and driven drums with an endless tape, on one side of which are installed needles [1].

Недостатком данного сепаратора является то, что при попадании камней между иг- ₁₀лами плавающего барабана и транспортером-переборщиком, барабан отклоняется и корнеклубнеплоды малых размеров проскальзывают между иглами, что снижает качество и эффективность разделения.The disadvantage of this separator is that when stones fall between the needles of the ₁₀ floating drum and the pick-up conveyor, the drum is deflected and small-sized root and root crops slip between the needles, which reduces the quality and separation efficiency.

Кроме того, наличие поджимного транспортера-переборщика усложняет конструкцию.In addition, the presence of a clamping conveyor-sorter complicates the design.

Целью изобретения является упрощение конструкции и повышение производительности сепаратора.The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the performance of the separator.

Цель достигается тем, что, ведомый барабан выполнен в виде двух установленных с зазором друг относительно друга шкивов, причем ось вращения верхнего шкива вы2 полнена в виде втулки, снабженной загрузочной воронкой и имеющей в своей нижней части выгрузное окно, направленное в сторону охватывания шкивов лентой, иглы на которой расположены в ее центральной части, ширина которой равна величине зазора между шкивами, причем поверхность ленты в средней части сепаратора посредством направляющих роликов развернута на 180° с расположением игл на внутренней поверхности ленты с стороны ведомых шкивов и на ее наружной поверхности с стороны ведущего барабана.The goal is achieved in that the driven drum is made in the form of two pulleys installed with a gap relative to each other, and the axis of rotation of the upper pulley 2 is made in the form of a sleeve equipped with a loading funnel and having in its lower part an unloading window directed towards the pulleys enveloping the tape, needles on which are located in its central part, the width of which is equal to the size of the gap between the pulleys, and the surface of the tape in the middle of the separator through the guide rollers is rotated 180 ° with the location of the needles on the outside the morning surface of the tape on the side of the driven pulleys and on its outer surface on the side of the driving drum.

На фиг. 1 изображен предлагаемый игольчатый сепаратор, вид сбоку; на фиг. 2 — разрез А—А на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows a proposed needle cage, side view; in FIG. 2 — section A — A in FIG. 1.

Сепаратор состоит из ведомого барабана, выполненного .из верхнего шкива 1 и нижнего шкива 2, ведущего барабана 3, являющегося разгрузочным, и натянутой на них бесконечной ленты 4. На поверхности которой с одной стороны в центральной части на определенной ширине закреплены иглы 5. Каждый из шкивов 1, 2 закреплен на раме 6, так, чтобы между ними имеется зазор равный ширине участка ленты с иг лами. Загрузочная воронка Ί неподвижно закреплена на раме 6 и проходит через верхний шкив 1, образуя зазор с ступицей 8 нижнего шкива 2.The separator consists of a driven drum made of an upper pulley 1 and a lower pulley 2, a driving drum 3, which is unloading, and an endless belt 4 stretched over them. On the surface of which, on one side, in the central part, needles are fixed at a certain width 5. Each of pulleys 1, 2 are fixed on the frame 6, so that between them there is a gap equal to the width of the section of tape with needles. The feed hopper Ί is fixedly mounted on the frame 6 and passes through the upper pulley 1, forming a gap with the hub 8 of the lower pulley 2.

Загрузочная воронка 7 имеет в нижней части окно 9, обращенное в сторону охватывания шкивов 1, 2 лентой 4. Над загрузочной воронкой 7 установлен подающий транспортер 10. Бесконечная лента 4 установлена таким образом, что с стороны охватывания лентой ведомого барабана иглы находятся на внутренней поверхности ленты, а с стороны ведущего di внешней для уменьшения колебаний ленты установлен прижимной ролик 11. На раме 6 установлен кронштейн 12 для регулировки межосевого расстояния шкивов 1, 2 и барабана 3 по длине. Привод 13 служит для приведения во вращение барабана 3. через ременную передачу 14.The loading funnel 7 has a window 9 in the lower part, facing the side of the pulleys 1, 2 being covered by the tape 4. A feed conveyor 10 is installed above the loading funnel 7. The endless tape 4 is installed so that the needles are located on the inner surface of the driven drum of the tape on the inner surface of the tape and a pressure roller 11 is installed on the leading di side, external to reduce the oscillations of the belt. A bracket 12 is mounted on the frame 6 to adjust the center distance of the pulleys 1, 2 and the drum 3 in length. The drive 13 is used to drive the rotation of the drum 3. through a belt drive 14.

За барабаном 3 на некотором расстоянии установлена отражательная стенка 15 с эластичным покрытием 16. Под барабаном 3 расположена выгрузная воронка 17, под которой расположен выгрузной транспортер 18.Behind the drum 3, a reflective wall 15 with an elastic coating 16 is installed at some distance. Under the drum 3 there is an unloading funnel 17, under which an unloading conveyor 18 is located.

Игольчатый сепаратор работает следующим образом.Needle separator operates as follows.

Привод 13 через ременную передачу 14 приводит во вращение барабан 3, далее движение передается ленте 4 и, соответственно, шкивам 1, 2. Корнеплоды с камнями подаются транспортером 10 и через воронку 7 и окно 9 подают на вращающуюся ступицу 8 нижнего шкива 2. Под действием центробежной силы корнеклубнеплоды и камни отбрасываются ступицей 8 от центра к ободу шкива 2 и накалываются на иглы, находящиеся на внутренней стороне ленты 4 с усилием, зависящим от скорости вращения шкивов 1, 2. Наколотые корнеклубнеплоды уносятся лентой 4 к барабану 3, где за счет центробежной силы сбрасываются с барабана 3, ударяются об отражательную стенку 15 и попадают через выгрузную воронку 17 на выгрузной транспортер 18. Камни не накалываются на иглы и выно^ сятся лентой из зоны накалывания на транспортер или сборник примесей.The drive 13 drives the drum 3 through the belt drive 14, then the movement is transmitted to the belt 4 and, accordingly, to the pulleys 1, 2. Root crops with stones are fed by a conveyor 10 and fed through a funnel 7 and a window 9 to the rotating hub 8 of the lower pulley 2. Under the action centrifugal force root crops and stones are discarded by the hub 8 from the center to the pulley rim 2 and are pricked onto the needles located on the inner side of the belt 4 with an effort depending on the speed of rotation of the pulleys 1, 2. The chopped root crops are carried away by the tape 4 to the drum 3, where due to the They are discharged from drum 3, hit the reflective wall 15 and pass through the discharge funnel 17 onto the discharge conveyor 18. The stones do not stick onto the needles and are removed by tape from the pricking zone onto the conveyor or impurity collector.

Применение предлагаемого устройства позволит повысить производительность сепаратора. При этом упрощается его конструкция и повышается надежность работы.The application of the proposed device will improve the performance of the separator. At the same time, its design is simplified and reliability is increased.

Claims

(54) NEEDLE SEPARATOR The invention relates to an agricultural machinery industry, in particular, to devices for separating a root and tuber crop from stones and other solid impurities. A needle separator is known, which includes lead and driven drums with an endless belt, on one side of which needles 1 are installed. A disadvantage of this separator is that when stones fall between the floating needles of its drum and the conveyor-chooser, the drum is deflected and the roots and tubers small sizes slip between the needles, which reduces the quality and effectiveness of the separation. In addition, the presence of a pressure conveyor-chooser complicates the design. The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and improve the performance of the separator. The goal is achieved by the fact that the driven drum is made in the form of two pulleys installed with a clearance relative to each other, with the axis of rotation of the upper pulley made in the form of a sleeve equipped with a hopper and having in its lower part an unloading window directed toward the circumference of the pulleys with tape needles in which they are located in its central part, whose width is equal to the size of the gap between the pulleys, and the belt surface in the middle part of the separator is rotated by 180 ° with the guide rollers the inner surface of the belt on the side of the driven pulleys and on its outer surface on the side of the driving drum. FIG. 1 shows the proposed needle separator, side view; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. 1. The separator consists of a driven drum, made of upper pulley 1 and lower pulley 2, driving drum 3, which is unloading, and an endless belt pulled on them 4. On the surface of which, on one side in the central part, needles are fixed at a certain width Each of the pulleys 1, 2 is fixed on the frame 6, so that between them there is a gap equal to the width of the section of the tape with needles. The locking funnel 7 is fixedly mounted on the frame 6 and passes through the upper IJIKHB 1, forming a gap with the hub 8 of the lower pulley 2. The loading funnel 7 has a window 9 in the lower part facing the envelope of the pulleys I, 2 with tape 4. Above the loading funnel 7, a feed conveyor 10 is installed. The endless belt 4 is installed in such a way that, on the side of the belt driving the driven drum, the needles are on the inner surface of the belt, and on the side of the leading df outside, a pressure roller 11 is installed on the frame 6 to reduce the vibrations of the belt Evlen bracket 12 for adjusting the center distance of the pulleys 1, 2 and the drum 3 along the length. The drive 13 serves to drive the drum 3. through the belt drive 14. Behind the drum 3 at some distance there is a reflective wall 15 with an elastic coating 16. Under the drum 3 there is a discharge funnel 17, under which the discharge conveyor 18. The needle separator works as follows in a way. The drive 13 through the belt transmission 14 causes the rotation of the drum 3 ,. further, the movement is transmitted to the belt 4 and, accordingly, to the pulleys 1, 2. Root crops with stones are fed by conveyor 10 and through the funnel 7 and the window 9 are fed to the rotating hub 8 of the lower jaw 2. Under the action of centrifugal force, the roots, straws and stones are thrown off the hub 8 from the center to the rim of the pulley 2 and impale on the needles located on the inner side of the belt 4 with a force depending on the speed of rotation of the pins 1,

2. The pinned out root crops are carried away by the tape 4 to the drum 3, where they are thrown off the drum 3 due to centrifugal force, hit the reflective wall 15 and get through the discharge funnel 17 to the discharge conveyor 18. The stones do not pile on the needles and with the tape out of them impalers prickling area or collection of impurities. The application of the proposed device will improve the performance of the separator. This simplifies its design and increases reliability. Invention Needle separator, which includes a driving and driven drum with an endless belt, on one side of which needles are installed, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and increase productivity, the driven drum is made in the form of two pulleys installed with a clearance relative to each other. rotation of the upper pulley is made in the form of a sleeve, equipped with a feed funnel and having in its lower part an unloading window directed towards the direction of the shchyva tape, the needle on which in the central part, the width of which is equal to the size of the gap between the pulleys, the belt surface in the middle part of the separator is rotated 180 ° by means of the guide rollers with the needle on the inner surface of the belt from the side of the driven pulleys and on its outer surface from the driving drum. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR Author's Certificate No. 129888, cl. A 01 D 33/08, 1960.

.V