SU940007A1

SU940007A1 - Rotary viscometer

Info

Publication number: SU940007A1
Application number: SU803225169A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Иннокентьевич Ян; Вадим Сергеевич Одинец
Original assignee: Специальное Конструкторское Бюро Полимерного Машиностроения
Priority date: 1980-12-26
Filing date: 1980-12-26
Publication date: 1982-06-30

Description

Изобретение относится к измерениям реологических характеристик жидкостей и вязкопластичных материалов и может быть использовано как в автоматических технологических линиях по переработке пластмасс, так и в лабораторных условиях.The invention relates to measurements of the rheological characteristics of liquids and viscoplastic materials and can be used both in automatic processing lines for plastic processing and in laboratory conditions.

Известен ротационный вискозиметр, содержащий расположенный в исследуемой среде цилиндр, соединенный с ю одним из звеньев дифференциального механизма, второе звено которого связано с электродвигателем, а третье- с измерительным устройством fl ].A rotational viscometer is known which comprises a cylinder located in the test medium and connected to one of the links of the differential mechanism, the second link of which is connected to the electric motor, and the third to the measuring device fl].

Недостатки указанного вискози- 15 метра - невысокая точность измерений и суженый диапазон измерений из-за внутренних потерь в измерительном узле.The disadvantages of this viscose meter are 15 meters - low measurement accuracy and a narrowed measurement range due to internal losses in the measuring unit.

Наиболее близким к предлагаемому является ротационный вискозиметр, звенья которого связаны соответственно с электромотором, измеритель2 ным прибором, помещенным в исследуемую среду, и через импульсатор - с инерционным звеном и с регистрирующим устройством С 2].Closest to the proposed one is a rotational viscometer, the links of which are connected, respectively, with an electric motor, a measuring device placed in the medium under study, and through an impulse, with an inertial link and with a recording device С 2].

Недостатком известного вискозиметра является то, что с расширением диапазона исследования уменьшается точность измерения. Зто обусловлено тем, что с изменением вязкости исследуемого материала изменяется скорость вращения входного вала импульсатора, следовательно, и частота пульсирующего вращения инерционного звена. Непостоянство частоты пульсирующего вращения относительно скорости вращения измерительного цилиндра приводит к разным динамическим характеристикам прибора в диапазоне исследований, что приводит к разной величине погрешности, вносимой в показания прибора.A disadvantage of the known viscometer is that with the expansion of the research range, the measurement accuracy decreases. This is due to the fact that with a change in the viscosity of the test material, the rotation speed of the input shaft of the pulser changes, and therefore, the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the inertial link. Variability of the frequency of the pulsating rotation relative to the speed of rotation of the measuring cylinder leads to different dynamic characteristics of the device in the research range, which leads to different values of the error introduced into the readings of the device.

Цель изобретения - повышение точности измерений при расширении дилона всем тем, со3 апаэона измерения (сохранение стоянной яеличины погрешности диапазоне измерения) .The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measurements when expanding the dilon with all those CO2 measurements, (maintaining a constant value of the error in the measurement range).

Указанная цель достигается что в ротационном вискозиметре, держащем дифференциальный механизм, звенья которого связаны соответственно с электромотором, измерительным цилиндром, помещенньм в исследуемую среду, и инерционным звеном, регистрирующее устройство в виде счетчика числа оборотов инерционного звена и импульсатор, импульсатор установлен между электромотором и входным звеном дифференциального механизма.This goal is achieved that in a rotational viscometer holding a differential mechanism, the links of which are connected respectively to an electric motor, a measuring cylinder placed in the medium under study, and an inertial link, a recording device in the form of a counter for the number of revolutions of the inertial link and a pulser, a pulser is installed between the electric motor and the input link differential mechanism.

На чертеже изображен ротационный вискозиметр, разрез.The drawing shows a rotational viscometer, section.

Ротационный вискозиметр содержит подвижный цилиндр 1, соединенный через дифференциальный механизм с синхронным двигателем 2 и с инерционным звеном 3. Дифференциальный механизм состоит из центральных колес 4 и 5, сателлитов 6, свободно посаженных на крестовину 7, водила 8, связанного через шестерни 9 и 10 и через импульсатор в виде двойного универсального шарнира - с электромотором 2. Двойной универсальный шарнир состоит из ведущего звена 11. промежуточного звена 12, .вилки которого расположены во взаимно перпендикулярных плоскостях, и ведомого звена 13. Оси ведомого 13 и ведущего 11 звеньев параллельны. Перемещение оси вращения ведущего звена 11 параллельно оси вращения ведомого звена 13 универсального шарнира осуществляется с помощью опорного диска 14, свободно установленного в расточке корпуса прибора и снабженного на своей боковой поверхности зубьями 15, взаимодействующими с червяком трично с точке 17 опорного ведомого нира и отстоит от нее на некоторое расстояние о , равное величине эксцентриситета крепления двигателя 2 в опорном диске 14. Вал соединен с ведущим звеном 11 универсального шар‘нира посредством шлицевого соединения 18. Число оборотов инерционного звена 3 измеряется, например, фотоэлектрическим способом, с помощьюThe rotational viscometer comprises a movable cylinder 1 connected through a differential mechanism to a synchronous motor 2 and to an inertial link 3. The differential mechanism consists of central wheels 4 and 5, satellites 6, freely mounted on the spider 7, carrier 8 connected via gears 9 and 10 and through a pulsator in the form of a double universal joint - with an electric motor 2. The double universal joint consists of a leading link 11. an intermediate link 12, the forks of which are located in mutually perpendicular planes, and the driven ene 13. Axles 13 of the driven and driving units 11 are parallel. The axis of rotation of the driving link 11 is parallel to the axis of rotation of the driven link 13 of the universal joint by means of a support disk 14, freely mounted in the bore of the device body and provided with teeth 15 on the side surface that interact with the worm trically with and is separated from the point 17 of the reference driven nir a certain distance o equal to the magnitude of the eccentricity of the mounting of the engine 2 in the supporting disk 14. The shaft is connected to the drive link 11 of the universal ball through a spline connection 18. Number speed of the inertial link 3 is measured, for example, by the photoelectric method, using

16. В опорном диске эксценэксцентриситетом а в раскрепится двигатель 2. Ось диска 14 параллельна оси вала 13 универсального шар1016. In the supporting disk, by eccentric eccentricity a, the motor 2 is detached. The axis of the disk 14 is parallel to the axis of the shaft 13 of the universal ball 10

940007 4 осветителя 19, перфорированного диска 20 и фотоэлемента 21.940007 4 illuminators 19, perforated disk 20 and photocell 21.

Вискозиметр работает следующим образом.The viscometer operates as follows.

Если к цилиндру 1 приложен момент сопротивления , (т.е. цилиндр погружен в исследуемую среду), а угол γ между звеньями универсального шарнира равен нулю, то сателлиты 6, свободно обкатывая центральное колесо 7, вращаются вокруг своих осей и вращают инерционное звено 3 с гдеIf a moment of resistance is applied to cylinder 1 (i.e., the cylinder is immersed in the medium under study), and the angle γ between the links of the universal joint is zero, then the satellites 6, freely rolling around the central wheel 7, rotate around their axes and rotate the inertial link 3 s Where

W₃20 максимальной угловой скоростью угловая скорость вращения инерционного звена 3; угловая скорость вращения водила 8.W ₃ 20 maximum angular velocity angular velocity of rotation of the inertial link 3; angular velocity of rotation of the carrier 8.

При этом вращение цилиндру 1 не передается. Далее посредством вращения червяка 16, который, поворачивая опорный диск 14, смещает ось вращения ведущего 11 относительно оси ведомого 13 звеньев универсального шарнира, изменяет угол'J' между звеньями шарнира. В связи с наличием угла между звеньями универсального шарнира ведомое звено 13 совершает вращательное движение с переменной угловой скоростью. Амплитуда переменной угловой скорости зависит от угла и пропорциональна ему. Вращательное с переменной угловой скоростью движение звена 13 создает вращение с переменной угловой скоростью инерционному звену 3, на котором возникает инерционный момент л* - η. SW?In this case, the rotation of the cylinder 1 is not transmitted. Further, by rotating the worm 16, which, turning the support disk 14, shifts the axis of rotation of the lead 11 relative to the axis of the driven 13 links of the universal joint, changes the angle 'J' between the links of the joint. Due to the presence of an angle between the links of the universal joint, the driven link 13 rotates with a variable angular velocity. The amplitude of the variable angular velocity depends on the angle and is proportional to it. Rotating with variable angular velocity, the movement of the link 13 creates a rotation with variable angular velocity of the inertial link 3, on which the inertial moment l * - η occurs. SW?

где 3 - момент инерции инерционного звена относительно оси вращения;where 3 is the moment of inertia of the inertial link relative to the axis of rotation;

dWi/d'-t- изменение угловых скоростей инерционного звена.dWi / d'-t is the change in the angular velocities of the inertial link.

С увеличением угла 'JC увеличивается изменение угловой скорости dV^/dt, а следовательно, и инерционного момента и когда он превосходит М₄ , цилиндр 1 получает вращательное движение. В силу того, что моменты на центральных колесах 4 и 5 симметричного конического дифференциала_равны, то WiHWith an increase in the angle J JC, the change in the angular velocity dV ^ / dt, and consequently the inertial moment, also increases, and when it exceeds M ₄ , cylinder 1 receives rotational motion. Due to the fact that the moments on the central wheels 4 and 5 of the symmetric conical differential are equal, then WiH

ΛΛ^-М^ИАМ -J ι где угловая скорость измерительного цилиндра 1;ΛΛ ^ -M ^ IAM -J ι where the angular velocity of the measuring cylinder 1;

dW-iodW-io

- вязкость исследуемого материала ·,.- viscosity of the studied material · ,.

К. - константа прибора, зависящая от его геометрических параметров.K. is a constant of the device, depending on its geometrical parameters.

Из сопоставления значения равновесных моментов видно, что величина вязкости исследуемого материала прямопропорциональна угловой скорости вращения инерционного звена 3, которую определяют фотоэлектрическим прибором 19-29-21 со шкалой, проградуированной в единицах вязкости. Изменяя уголТ между звеньями универсаль• ного шарнира, изменяют скорость вращения измерительного цилиндра 1, а значит и деформацию сдвига в исследуемом материале. При этом сохраняется частота пульсирующего вращения, равная частоте пульсирующего вращения ведомого вала 13 универсального шарнира.A comparison of the equilibrium moment values shows that the viscosity of the material under study is directly proportional to the angular velocity of rotation of the inertial link 3, which is determined by a photoelectric device 19-29-21 with a scale graduated in units of viscosity. By changing the angle T between the links of the universal joint, they change the rotation speed of the measuring cylinder 1, and hence the shear strain in the material under study. This preserves the frequency of the pulsating rotation equal to the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the driven shaft 13 of the universal joint.

Таким образом, в известном ротационном вискозиметре частота пульсирующего вращения инерционного звена и измерительного цилиндра является величиной переменной и изменяется пропорционально изменению средней угловой скорости инерционного звена. Следовательно и погрешности, вносимые динамическими характеристиками в показания прибора, разные, что уменьшает точность измерений при расширении диапазона измерений. В предлагаемом вискозиметре частота пульсирующего вращения инерционного звена и измерительного цилиндра является величиной постоянной и пропорциональной угловой скорости приводного вала двигателя. Следовательно, погрешности, связанные с частотой пульсирующего вращения в поThus, in the known rotational viscometer, the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the inertial link and the measuring cylinder is a variable and varies in proportion to the change in the average angular velocity of the inertial link. Therefore, the errors introduced by the dynamic characteristics into the instrument readings are different, which reduces the accuracy of the measurements while expanding the measurement range. In the proposed viscometer, the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the inertial link and the measuring cylinder is a constant and proportional to the angular velocity of the drive shaft of the engine. Therefore, the errors associated with the frequency of the pulsating rotation in

940007 4 казаниях прибора, не зависят от скорости вращения измерительного цилиндра и являются величиной постоянной, что повышает точность показаний во всем диапазоне измерений.940007 4 readings of the device, do not depend on the speed of rotation of the measuring cylinder and are constant, which increases the accuracy of the readings in the entire measurement range.

Предлагаемый вискозиметр позволяет получить полную информацию по реологическим свойствам полимеров с высокой точностью измерений, что весьма важно при выборе оптимальных технологических параметров переработки полимеров и композиций на их основе, а также для расчета энергетических затрат перерабатывающего оборудования .The proposed viscometer allows you to get complete information on the rheological properties of polymers with high measurement accuracy, which is very important when choosing the optimal technological parameters for the processing of polymers and compositions based on them, as well as for calculating the energy costs of processing equipment.

Claims

The invention relates to measuring the rheological characteristics of liquids and plastic materials and can be used both in automatic processing lines for plastics processing and in laboratory conditions. A rotational viscometer is known, which contains a cylinder located in the test medium, which is connected to one of the links of the differential mechanism, the second link of which is associated with the electric motor, and the three ;;;; Tie - with a measuring device fl. The disadvantages of this viscometer are the low measurement accuracy and the narrow measurement range due to internal losses in the measuring unit. The closest to the present invention is a rotational viscometer, the links of which are associated respectively with an electric motor, a measuring device placed in the test medium, and through a pulsator with an inertial link and recording device 2. The disadvantage of the known viscometer is that Investigation range decreases measurement accuracy. This is due to the fact that with a change in the viscosity of the material under study, the rotational speed of the input shaft of the pulsator, and hence the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the inertial link, is measured. The inconsequence of the pulsating rotation relative to the rotational speed of the measuring cylinder leads to different dynamic characteristics of the instrument in the range of studies, which leads to different magnitudes of the error introduced in the readings of the instrument. The purpose of the invention is to improve the measurement accuracy while expanding the measurement range (maintaining a constant amount of error over the entire measurement range). This goal is achieved by the fact that in a rotational viscometer containing a differential mechanism, the links of which are connected respectively to an electric motor, a measuring cylinder placed in the test medium and an inertial link, a recording device in the form of an inertial link speed counter and a pulser, a pulser is installed between the electric motor and the input link of the differential mechanism. The drawing shows a rotational viscometer, a section. The rotational viscometer contains a movable cylinder 1, connected through a differential mechanism with a synchronous motor 2 and with an inertial link 3. The differential mechanism consists of central wheels t and 5, satellites 6, freely mounted on the crosspiece 7, drove 8, connected through gears 9 and 10 and through a double universal joint pulser - with an electric motor 2. The double universal hinge consists of a driving link 11 of an intermediate link 12, the plugs of which are located on mutually perpendicular planes, and driven member 13. The driven axes 13 and conductive lead 11 are parallel units. Moving the axis of rotation of the driving link 11 parallel to the axis of rotation of the slave link 13 of the universal joint is carried out with the help of a support disk, freely mounted in the bore of the device and fitted on its side surface teeth 15 ,. interacting with the screw 16. In the supporting disk an eccentricity with eccentricity and in the bore 17 an engine 2 is attached. The axis of the support disk 14 is parallel to the axis of the driven shaft 13 of the universal joint and is separated from it for a distance of about equal to the magnitude of the motor 2. in the supporting disk T. The shaft is connected to the leading link 11 of the universal tire by means of a spline connection 18. The speed of the inertial link 3 is measured, for example, by photoelectric, using light 19, a perforated disk 20 and pho element 21. The viscometer works as follows. If a moment of resistance M is applied to cylinder 1 (i.e., the cylinder is immersed in the medium under study) and the angle between the links of the universal joint is zero, then the satellites 6, rolling the central wheel 7 freely, rotate around their axes and rotate the inertial link 3 with a maximum angular velocity, where the angular velocity of rotation of the inertial link 3; Wo- angular speed of rotation of carrier 8 o In this case, rotation of cylinder 1 is not transmitted. Then, by rotating the screw 1b, which, turning the bearing disc, shifts the axis of rotation of the driver 11 relative to the axis of the slave 13 links of the universal joint, it changes the angle-Jf between the links of the joint. Due to the presence of an angle between the links of the universal joint, the driven member 13 rotates at a variable angular velocity. The amplitude of the variable angular velocity depends on the angle and is proportional to it. The rotational movement with variable angular velocity of the link 13 creates rotation with variable angular velocity of the inertial link 3, at which the inertial moment Mj < 1 l occurs (M - 3 - g. change in the angular velocity of the inertial link. With an increase in the angle JT, the change in the angular velocity dWdt and, consequently, the inertial moment Mo, and when it exceeds M, the cylinder 1 receives rotational motion, because the moments on the central wheels t and 5 conical differential are equal, then t dWio ,, mlm to where the angular velocity of the measuring cylinder is 1, 1 is the VISCOSITY of the material under study, K is a device constant depending on its geometrical parameters. From the comparison of the value of equal moments The bones of the material under study are proportional to the angular velocity of rotation of the inertial link 3, which is determined by a photoelectric device 19-29-21 with a scale calibrated in viscosity units. By changing the angle T between the links of the universal joint, the rotational speed of the measuring cylinder 1 is changed, and hence the shear strain in the material under study. At the same time, the frequency of pulsating rotation is equal to the frequency of pulsating rotation of the output shaft 13 of the universal joint. Thus, in a known rotational viscometer, the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the inertial link and the measuring cylinder is variable and changes in proportion to the change in the average angular velocity of the inertial link. Consequently, the errors introduced by the dynamic characteristics in the instrument readings are different, which reduces the measurement accuracy by extending the measurement range. In the proposed viscometer, the frequency of the pulsating rotation of the inertial link and the measuring cylinder is constant and proportional to the angular velocity of the drive shaft of the engine. Consequently, the errors associated with the frequency of the pulsating rotation in the instrument poses, do not depend on the rotational speed of the measuring cylinder and are values of constants throughout the entire measurement range. The proposed viscometer makes it possible to obtain complete information on the rheological properties of polymers with high measurement accuracy, which is very important when choosing the optimal technological parameters for the processing of polymers and compositions based on them, as well as for calculating the energy costs of the processing equipment. The invention includes a rotational viscometer containing a differential mechanism, the links of which are associated respectively with an electric motor, a measuring cylinder placed in the medium under investigation, and an inertial link, a recording device in the form of an inertial speed counter, a pulsator characterized in that, in order to improve accuracy measurements when expanding the range of measurements, the pulser is installed between the electric motor and the input link of the differential mechanism. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 225591, cl. G 01 N 11 / U, 1968.

2. USSR author's certificate number, class G 01 N 11/1, 1976 (prototype). 15 1