SU934959A1

SU934959A1 - Loose material spreader

Info

Publication number: SU934959A1
Application number: SU803222877A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Иван Иванович Токарев; Ромуальдас Казевич Гумбелявичюс; Юлюс-Чесловас-Антанович Недзинскас
Original assignee: Литовский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации
Priority date: 1980-12-22
Filing date: 1980-12-22
Publication date: 1982-06-15

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению, в частности к разбрасывателям сыпучих материалов на откосы каналов.The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to spreaders of bulk materials on the slopes of the channels.

Известны разбрасыватели, включающие бункер для сыпучего материала и разбрасывающий * механизм, шнек которого выполнен с разрывом витков у выпускных окон и снабжен лопатками, установлштыми в разрывах витков [1].Known spreaders, including a hopper for bulk material and a scattering * mechanism, the screw of which is made with a gap of turns at the outlet windows and is equipped with blades installed in the gap of the turns [1].

' 10' 10

Недостатком этих разбрасывателей является уменьшение слоя транспортируемого материала при подаче его к концу шнека, что влечет за собой неравномерность высева сыпучих материалов и усложнения конструкции разбрасы- *⁵вающего механизма из-за необходимости по мере уменьшения слоя транспортируемого сыпучего материала изменять параметры шнека, выпускных окон и т.п. Кроме того, в конструкции разбрасывателей нарушена согласованность ²⁰пропускной способности дозатора и окон, что приводит к образованию невысеянных через выпускные окна избытков сыпучих материаловA disadvantage of these spreaders reduction layer is transported material when applying it to the end of the screw, which entails uneven seed bulk materials and design complexity razbrasy- * ⁵ vayuschego mechanism because of the need for decreasing the conveyed particulate material layer to change the parameters of the screw, and outlet ports etc. In addition, the design of the spreaders violated the consistency of ²⁰ throughput of the dispenser and windows, which leads to the formation of surplus bulk materials not sifted through the outlet windows

Известен также разбрасыватель сыпучих материалов, включающий бункер, под которым в кожухе расположен питатель, соединенный с высевающим рабочим органом, выполненным в виде заключенного в кожухе с высевными отверстиями шнека (2].A spreader of bulk materials is also known, including a hopper, under which a feeder is located in the casing, connected to a sowing working body, made in the form of a screw enclosed in a casing with sowing holes (2].

Недостатком этого разбрасывателя является сложность его конструкции, так как необходима установка дополнительных транспортирующих шнеков, заключенных в отдельные кожухи, которые одним концом устанавливаются на верх бункера, а другим через переходную коробку соединяются с кожухами разбрасывающих шнеков, что обуславливает необходимость громоздкого и сложного их привода. .The drawback of this spreader is the complexity of its design, since it is necessary to install additional conveying screws, enclosed in separate casings, which are installed at the top of the hopper at one end and connected to the spreading screw casings through the adapter box, which makes them cumbersome and difficult to drive. .

Однако эти разбрасыватели не приспособлены для рассева сыпучих материалов на откосы каналов, так как для равномерного разбрасывания и предотвращения загрязнения воды в русле канала необходимо иметь наклонное расположение разбрасывающего механизма и регулировать ширину разбрасывания при изменении ширины откоса канала.However, these spreaders are not suitable for sifting bulk materials onto the slopes of the canals, since to evenly spread and prevent water pollution in the channel of the canal, it is necessary to have an inclined arrangement of the spreading mechanism and adjust the spreading width when changing the width of the canal slope.

Цель изобретения - повышение равномерности распределения сыпучих материалов по откосам каналов и уменьшения при этом загрязнения воды в русле последних.The purpose of the invention is to increase the uniformity of the distribution of bulk materials along the slopes of the channels and to reduce water pollution in the channel of the latter.

Цель достигается тем, что в разбрасывате- ₅ле сыпучих материалов, включающем бункер, под которым в кожухе расположен питатель, соединенный с высевающим рабочим органом, выполненным в виде заключенного в кожух с высевными отверстиями шнека, над которым смонтирован дополнительный шнек, при -этом дополнительный и основной шнеки разделены между собой перегородкой с отверстиями, причем кожух питателя соединен с кожухом высевающего рабочего органа по- и средством установленного под углом к вертикали шарнира, который выполнен в виде коаксиально установленных друг другу частей цилиндрических труб, образующих полую камеру. ' _ю The goal is achieved by the fact that in a spreader of ₅ bulk materials, including a hopper, under which in the casing there is a feeder connected to a sowing working body, made in the form of a screw enclosed in a casing with sowing holes, over which an additional screw is mounted, this is an additional and the main screws are separated by a partition with holes, and the feeder casing is connected to the casing of the sowing working body by means of a hinge installed at an angle to the vertical, which is made in the form of a coaxial mounted on each other parts of the cylindrical pipe, forming a hollow chamber. ' _y

На фиг. 1 изображен разбрасыватель общий вид; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А на фиг. 1; на фиг. 3 — вид Б на фиг. 1.In FIG. 1 shows a spreader general view; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a view B in FIG. 1.

Разбрасыватель состоит из. бункера 1, включающего дозатор 2 и установленный в нижней части питатель, выполненный в виде заключенного в кожух подающего шнека 3 и рабочего органа, который состоит из допопнительного 4 и основного 5 шнеков, расположенные в кожухе 6 с окнами 7 в нижней части, величина которых регулируется заслонкой 8, поддерживаемой захватом 9, причем в кожухе 6 между шнеками 4 и 5 установлена перегородка 10 с окнами И. Кожух питателя и кожух высевающего рабочего органа соединены посредством установленного под углом к вертикали шар- ³⁵нира 12, который выполнен в виде коаксиально установленных друг другу частей 13-18 цилиндрических труб.The spreader consists of. hopper 1, including dispenser 2 and a feeder installed in the lower part, made in the form of a feeding screw 3 enclosed in a casing and a working body, which consists of additional 4 and 5 main screws located in the casing 6 with windows 7 in the lower part, the size of which is adjustable a shutter 8 supported by a grip 9, and in the casing 6 between the screws 4 and 5 a partition 10 is installed with windows I. The feeder casing and the casing of the sowing working body are connected by means of a ball- ³⁵ nir 12 mounted at an angle to the vertical, which is made in de coaxially mounted to each other parts 13-18 of cylindrical pipes.

Шнек 4 и шнек 5 через дополнительное колесо 19 и систему зубчатых колес 20, 21 и 22, ⁴⁰ дриводные валы 23 и 24 и щтрнирные муфты 25-28 соединены с опорным колесом 29. Бункер 1 и рабочий орган соединены между собой приводным гидроцилиндром 30. В рабочем положении бункер с концом распределитель-·⁵ного рабочего органа соединен тросом 31.Screw 4 and screw 5 through an additional wheel 19 and a system of gears 20, 21 and 22, ^40, drive shafts 23 and 24 and pin couplings 25-28 are connected to the support wheel 29. The hopper 1 and the working body are interconnected by a drive hydraulic cylinder 30. B in working position, the hopper with the end of the distributor · ^5th working body is connected by a cable 31.

Разбрасыватель работает следующим образом.The spreader operates as follows.

Разбрасыватель устанавливается на берме канала с возможностью перемещения вдоль него. Рабочий орган гидроцилиндром 30 из транспорт- 50 ного положения переводится в рабочее и одновременно устанавливается необходимая ширина захвата. При движении разбрасывателя по берме канала сыпучий материал из бункера 1 через дозатор 2 подается в питатель, где шнек 3 перемещает сыпучий материал в высевающий рабочий орган. Там материал захватывается витками питающего шнека 4 и транспортирует ся через окна 11 в перегородке 10 вниз к шнеку 5, который разбрасывает сыпучий мате риал через окна 7, а излишки сыпучего материала транспортирует обратно в питатель к шнеку 3.The spreader is mounted on the berm of the channel with the ability to move along it. The working body with the hydraulic cylinder 30 is moved from the transport position to the working position and at the same time the required working width is set. When the spreader moves along the berm of the channel, bulk material from the hopper 1 through the dispenser 2 is fed to the feeder, where the screw 3 moves the bulk material into the sowing tool. There, the material is captured by the turns of the feeding screw 4 and transported through the windows 11 in the baffle 10 down to the screw 5, which scatters the bulk material through the windows 7, and transfers the excess bulk material back to the feeder to the screw 3.

Угол между направлением движения разбрасывателя и продольной осью .разбрасывающего механизма может регулироваться от 0 до 90° за счет изменения положения подвижных частей 17 и 18 в направляющих частях 13—16. Причем во всех положениях разбрасывающего механизма рабочий процесс не нарушается.The angle between the direction of movement of the spreader and the longitudinal axis of the spreading mechanism can be adjusted from 0 to 90 ° by changing the position of the moving parts 17 and 18 in the guide parts 13-16. Moreover, in all positions of the spreading mechanism, the working process is not violated.

Такое выполнение распределительного рабочего органа дает возможность заполнять разбрасывающий шнек 5 через окна в перегородке по всей длине шнеком 4, что позволяет создать слой сыпучего материала равномерным по длине. Это повышает равномерность высева.This embodiment of the distributing working body makes it possible to fill the spreading screw 5 through the windows in the partition along the entire length with the screw 4, which allows you to create a layer of bulk material uniform in length. This increases the uniformity of seeding.

Наклон кожуха со шнеками к горизонтальной плоскости позволяет за счет уменьшения высоты падения частиц сыпучего материала до поверхности откоса предотвратить загрязнение воды в русле, а шарнирное соединение разбрасывающего механизма и питателя дает возможность применить разбрасыватель для разбрасывания сыпучих материалов на откосы каналов различной ширины.By tilting the casing with screws to the horizontal plane, by reducing the height of the particles of bulk material falling to the surface of the slope, it is possible to prevent water pollution in the channel, and the articulation of the spreading mechanism and feeder makes it possible to use the spreader to spread bulk materials onto slopes of channels of various widths.

Claims

(54) SPREADER OF BULK MATERIALS The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to the spreading of bulk materials on the slopes of the channels. Spreaders are known, including a bunker for bulk material and a spreading mechanism, the cheeks of which are made with a break in the coils at the outlet windows and are equipped with vanes that are installed in the breaks in the coils T. uneven seeding of bulk materials and the complexity of the design of the spreading mechanism due to the need to reduce the layer of transported material to decrease ry screw you final year at the windows, etc. In addition, in the design of the spreaders, the consistency of the throughput of the dispenser and the windows is broken, which leads to the formation of excess bulk materials that are not high through the outlet windows. A spreader of bulk materials is also known, including a bunker under which a feeder is located in the casing connected to the sowing unit made the form of the screw screwed into the casing with the sowing holes {2. The disadvantage of this spreader is the complexity of its design, since it is necessary to install additional transporting augers enclosed in separate shells, which at one end are mounted on the top of the hopper, and the other are connected to the shells of the spreading augers through the adapter box, which necessitates their cumbersome and complicated drive. . However, these spreaders are not suitable for sifting raw materials on the canal slopes, since to evenly spread and prevent water pollution in the channel channel, it is necessary to have an inclined arrangement of the spreading mechanism and adjust the width of the spread when changing the width of the channel slope. The purpose of the invention is to increase the uniformity of distribution of bulk materials along the slopes of the channels and at the same time reduce water pollution in the channel of the latter. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the bulk material spreader, including a bunker, under which a feeder is located in the casing, connected to a sowing tool, made in the form of an auger encased with sowing holes, above which an additional auger is mounted; the screws are divided by a partition with holes, the feeder housing being connected. with the casing of the sowing body by means of a hinge installed at an angle to the vertical, which is made in the form of parts of the cylindrical tubes that are coaxially mounted to each other and form a hollow chamber. FIG. 1 shows a general view spreader; in fig. 2 shows section A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a view B in FIG. 1. The spreader consists of. a bunker 1 comprising a dispenser 2 and a mower located in the lower part, made in the form of a feed screw 3 enclosed in a casing and a working body that consists of an additional 4 and 5 main screws located in the casing 6 with windows 7 in the lower part, the size of which is adjustable a flap 8 supported by the gripper 9, and in the casing 6 between the screws 4 and 5 a partition 10 with windows 11 is installed. The feeder casing and the casing of the sowing tool are connected by means of a hinge 12 installed at an angle to the vertical de coaxially mounted to each other parts of 13-18 cylindrical tubes. Auger 4 and auger 5 are connected via an additional ring 19 and a system of gear wheels 20, 21 and 22, the drive shafts 23 and 24 and the 1st and 25th sleeves 25-28 are connected to the support wheel 29. The bunker 1 and the working body are connected to each other by a driving hydraulic cylinder 3d. In the working position, the bunker with the end of the distribution of the working tool is connected by a cable 31. The spreader works as follows. The spreader is mounted on the berm of the channel with the ability to move along it. The working body, hydraulic maintenance 30, is transferred from the transport position to the working position and at the same time the necessary width is established. When the spreader travels along the channel berm, the bulk material from the hopper I is fed through the dispenser 2 to the feeder, where the screw 3 mixes the bulk material into the seed unit. There, the material is caught by the turns of the feed screw 4 and transported through the windows 11 into the recess 5dk 10 down to the screw 5, which scatters the bulk material through the windows 7, and the excess bulk material is transported back to the feeder to the screw 3. The angle between the direction of movement of the spreader and the longitudinal The axis of the spreading mechanism can be adjusted from 0 to 90 ° by changing the position of the moving parts 17 and 18 in the guide parts 13-16. And in all positions of the spreading mechanism, the working process is not disturbed. Such an embodiment of the distributor member makes it possible to fill the spreading screw 5 through the windows in the partition along the entire length with screw 4, which makes it possible to create a layer of bulk material that is uniform in length. This increases the uniformity of seeding. The inclination of the casing with augers to the horizontal plane allows for reducing the height of falling particles of the bulk material to the surface of the slope to prevent water pollution in the channel, and the hinged connection of the spreading mechanism and feeder makes it possible to use the spreader to spread loose materials on the slopes of channels of different widths. Claims Spreader of bulk materials, including a bunker, under which a feeder is located in the casing, connected to a sowing tool, made in the form of encapsulated holes, and in order to increase the uniformity of distribution of bulk materials along the slopes of the channels and at the same time reducing water pollution in the flow of the latter, the seeding tool has an additional auger, which is mounted in the casing above the main yoke, while the additional and main shaft The necks are separated by a partition with holes, the feeder casing is connected with the casing of the seeding tool by means of a hinge installed at an angle to the vertical, which is made in the form of co-axially mounted parts of cylindrical tubes forming the hollow chamber. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1, USSR Copyright Certificate №536776 .; cl. A 01 C 15/00, 1975.

2. The UK patent number 130846 K cl. A 1 D, 1973 (prototype).

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