SU933896A1 - Vibrated soil loosener - Google Patents

Description

(54) SWITCHER

The invention relates to the construction and road engineering and can be sharpened when loosening frozen and unstable soils. A vibratory ripper is known, consisting of a magnetostrictive vibrator connected to the teeth with the possibility of vertical movement. This device works as an oscillatory system, which includes a vibrator, a tooth, a cutting tip, and the so-called attached ground mass. The latter, all other things being equal, depends on the acoustic properties of the soil being mined and changes during the transition from one soil to another 1. However, due to the change in the added mass, the form of the system oscillates, i.e. the nodes and the antinodes of the standing wave established in the system are also displaced accordingly. This leads to a significant decrease in the amplitude of oscillations of the end of the tooth and, consequently, a decrease in the efficiency of the device. Also known vibrating ripper, including a magnetostrictive vibrator connected to a tooth having a removable tip. Depending on the properties of the soil, the end of the tooth can be equipped with one or another tip that is most suitable for these working conditions. Varying the mass of the tip ps will change the parameters of the oscillating system, and thus, to some extent, compensate for the effect of a change in the attached mass of the soil 2. However, this is a way of changing the parameter of the oscillating system. is discrete. In addition, it is impossible to create a set of tips that exactly corresponds to a change in the properties of the soil, even within the limits of one slab. Therefore, such a structure in principle can only to some extent weaken undesirable phenomena, but not exclude them. The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of loosening by ensuring that the optimum mode of oscillation of the system is adjusted. The goal is achieved by the fact that the vibratory ripper is equipped with a cargo element, which, with the possibility of a fixed longitudinal displacement, is mounted on the tooth and is located asymmetrically to the latter. The drawing shows the device, the overall appearance. The device consists of a housing 1, a magnetostrictive vibrator 2 connected to a tooth 3, onto which a cargo element 4 is fixed, made in the form of any body possessing axial symmetry — a shara, a cylinder, a prism, etc. At the free end of the tooth 3, the cutting pin 5 is attached. The device is connected to the base mask by means of the suspension elements 6 on the body 1. The cargo element 4, which is, for example, a hollow thick-walled cylinder, is attached to the tooth with a nut - diaphragm. The adjustment of the position of the mass relative to the ends of the tooth is carried out using a threaded joint 7. A device for loosening frozen and durable soils works as follows. When the magnetostrictive vibrator 2 is turned on, a standing wave of longitudinal oscillations is established in the rod oscillatory sietem consisting of the vibrator 2, the tooth 3, the cutting tip 5 and the load element 4. The oscillation frequency of the vibrator 2 and the parameters of the oscillating system are coordinated so that the oscillations are carried out in a resonant mode, ensuring the efficiency of the system and the maximum amplitudes of oscillations of the cutting tip 5. The nodal sections of the core oscillatory system oscillating in the resonance mode serve to attach the device to the basic ma.i. : not, since the amplitudes of their oscillations are zero. When the cutting tip touches the ground being destroyed, part of the latter, in the form of an attached mass, begins to oscillate together with the cutting tip. As a result, the original resonant oscillatory system consisting

from the vibrator 2, the tooth 3 carrying the cutting tip 5 and the loading element 4 located on the tooth 3, turns into another oscillating system consisting of the listed elements and an additional concentrated mass connected to the cutting tip. Such a new system has different eigenfrequencies compared to the original one and is not resonant at the initial frequency of the forced displacement and located axisymmetrically to the latter.

Sources of information taken into consideration in the examination

1. USSR author's certificate number 410159, cl. E 02 F 5/30, 1972.

2. USSR author's certificate

Claims (1)

No. 568708, cl. E 02 F 5/30, 1975 (prototype). power. The nodal sections of such a system are displaced and the fastening elements begin to undergo intense vibration exposure while simultaneously reducing the amplitude of the vibrations of the cutting tip. However, the eigenfrequencies of the oscillatory rod system depend not only on the presence and values of concentrated masses. but also on the position of the latter relative to the ends of the system. By reducing or increasing the length a, which determines the position of the cargo element on the tooth, the system is introduced into the resonant mode and the nodal sections are returned to the initial position. Thus, the oscillation system of the proposed device is tuned to a mode that provides resonant oscillations depending on the acoustic properties of the developed ground. The use of the proposed device for the destruction of frozen and durable soils reduces the power consumption of the loosening process by providing a resonant mode of oscillation, regardless of the changing properties of loosened soil. In addition, maintaining zero amplitudes at the points of attachment of the device avoids vibrating effects on the fastening elements and the basemask, and thus increases the durability of the device. The invention includes a vibratory ripper including a magnetostrictive vibrator with a concentrator in the form of a loosening tooth with a cutting tip, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of loosening by ensuring the optimal mode of oscillation of the system, it is equipped with a cargo element mounted on the tooth with the possibility of fixed longitudinally