SU932360A1

SU932360A1 - Device for specimen break-testing in nuclear reactor

Info

Publication number: SU932360A1
Application number: SU802992724A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Васильевич Берестов; Сергей Алексеевич Волобуев; Александр Сергеевич Глинский; Анатолий Андрианович Кульбах
Original assignee: Московский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Инженерно-Физический Институт
Priority date: 1980-10-17
Filing date: 1980-10-17
Publication date: 1982-05-30

Description

Изобретение относится к испытательной технике, в частности к установкам для испытаний образцов на разрыв в ядерном реакторе.The invention relates to testing equipment, in particular to installations for testing samples for tensile testing in a nuclear reactor.

Известна установка для испытаний образцов на разрыв в ядерном реакторе, срдержащая активный и пассивный захваты для крепления образца, связанные с ними активную и пассивную тяги, два двигателя, шариковинтовои механизм, винт- которого связан с активной тягой и одним из двигателей, а гайка выполнена' в виде среднего кольца двойного упорного подшипника и связана с пассивной тягой [1].A known installation for testing tensile samples in a nuclear reactor, holding active and passive grippers for securing the sample, associated active and passive thrusts, two engines, a ball screw mechanism, the screw of which is connected to the active thrust and one of the engines, and the nut is made in the form of a middle ring of a double thrust bearing and is associated with a passive thrust [1].

Наиболее близкой к предлагаемой является установка для испытаний образцов на разрыв в ядерном реакторе, содержащая корпус в виде вертикально установленного стакана, размещенное над ним нагружающее устройство, полую тягу, связанную с ним и размещенную в стакане, пассивный и активный ^захваты и систему измерения усилий 'и деформаций [?].Closest to the proposed one is a tensile test specimen installation in a nuclear reactor, containing a body in the form of a vertically mounted glass, a loading device placed above it, a hollow rod connected with it and placed in the glass, passive and active grippers and a force measuring system and deformations [?].

Общий недостаток установок низкая точность испытаний, обусловленная возможными перекосами образца в захватах в процессе его установки и нагружения.The general disadvantage of the plants is the low accuracy of the tests, due to possible distortions of the sample in the grips during its installation and loading.

Цель изобретения - повышение точности испытаний,The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy of tests,

Указанная цель достигается тем, что в установке, содержащей корпус в виде вертикально установленного стакана, размещенное над ним нагружающее устройство, полую тягу, связанную с ним и размещенную в стакане, пассивный и активный захваты и систему измерений усилий и деформаций, на нижнем торце тяги выполнен кольцевой бурт, а в дне стакана резьбовое отверстие, активный захват выполнен в виде установленного в полой тяге с возможностью упора в бурт тяги поршня с полым цилиндрическим выступом, предназначенным для крепления образца, пассивный захват выполнен в виде стержня, установленного одним концом по скользящей посадке в полости выступа активного захвата и имеющего резьбу 5 на другом конце для взаимодействия с резьбовым отверстием стакана, и шестерни, установленной на стержне в его средней части, а установка снабжена зубчатым колесом, ус- Ю тановленным в стакане с возможностью * взаимодействия с шестерней, приводом его вращения и приспособлением для фиксации стержня относительно цилиндрического выступа. 15This goal is achieved by the fact that in the installation containing the housing in the form of a vertically mounted glass, a loading device placed above it, a hollow rod connected with it and placed in the glass, passive and active grips and a system of measuring forces and deformations, at the lower end of the rod is made an annular shoulder, and in the bottom of the glass a threaded hole, an active grip is made in the form of a hollow rod mounted with the possibility of stopping the piston rod with a hollow cylindrical protrusion intended for specimen fastening, the grip is made in the form of a rod installed at one end along a sliding fit in the cavity of the protrusion of the active grip and having a thread 5 at the other end to interact with the threaded hole of the glass, and a gear mounted on the rod in its middle part, and the installation is equipped with a gear wheel, Installed in a glass with the possibility of * interaction with the gear, its rotation drive and a device for fixing the rod relative to the cylindrical protrusion. fifteen

Кроме того, в цилиндрическом выступе и стержне выполнены сквозные поперечные отверстия, а приспособление для фиксации выполнено в виде подпружиненного штифта, устанавливаемо- ₂₀го в этих отверстиях, и охватывающей цилиндрический выступ обоймы с . отверстием под штифт, установленной с возможностью поворота вокруг своейIn addition, through the transverse holes are made in the cylindrical protrusion and the rod, and the fixing device is made in the form of a spring-loaded pin, which is installed _{on the} 20th holes and enclosing the cylindrical protrusion of the casing. a hole for a pin mounted to rotate around its

ОСИ. 25AXIS. 25

На чертеже изображена схематично установка.The drawing shows a schematic installation.

Установка содержит корпус, выполненный в виде вертикально установленного стакана 1, в дне которого ₃₀выполнено несквозное резьбовое отверстие 2.Нагружающее устройство 3,размещенное над стаканом 1, связано с полой тягой 4,установленной в полом стаканеThe installation comprises a housing made in the form of a vertically mounted glass 1, in the bottom of which ₃₀ a through threaded hole 2 is made. A loading device 3 placed above the glass 1 is connected with a hollow rod 4 installed in the hollow glass

I ,на нижнем торце которой выполнен _з5 внутренний кольцевой бурт 5.Активный захват выполнен в виде установленного в полой тяге 4 с возможностью упора в кольцевой бу0т 5 поршня 6 с полым цилиндрическим выступом 7,имеющим продольную прорезь 8 на его торце,а также 9 для крепления испытуемого образца _т10.Пассивный захват выполнен в виде цилиндрического стержня 11, установленного одним концом, например, верхним, по скользящей посадке в ⁴⁵полости А цилиндрического выступа 7 активного захвата и имеющего резьбу 12 на другом конце для взаимодействия с резьбовым отверстием 2, выполненным в виде стакан 1,и шее- ⁵⁰терни 13, установленной на стержнеI, at the lower end of which an annular collar 5 is made _{З5. The} active grip is made in the form of a piston 6 mounted in a hollow rod 4 with the possibility of abutment in a piston 6 with a hollow cylindrical protrusion 7 having a longitudinal slot 8 at its end, and 9 for fastening the test sample _t 10. Passive capture is made in the form of a cylindrical rod 11, installed at one end, for example, the upper, on a sliding fit in ⁴⁵ cavity A of the cylindrical protrusion 7 of the active capture and having a thread 12 at the other end for interaction with thread a bore hole 2, made in the form of a glass 1, and a neck - ⁵⁰ thorns 13 mounted on a rod

II в его средней части. На верхнем конце стержня 11 установлен палец 14 для крепления испытуемого образца 10. Зубчатое колесо 15, установ- 55 ленное с возможностью вращения в стакане 1 на кронштейне 16, кинематически связано с приводом ( не показан)' через шестерни 17-19 и червяк 20. На кронштейне 16 закреплен упор 21, а на противоположной стенке стакана 1 установлен концевой выключатель 22. В цилиндрическом выступе 7 и стержне 11 выполнены сквозные поперечные отверстия 23 и 24, в которых установлены штифт 25 и пружина 26, а на цилиндрический выступ 7 надета с возможностью вращения обойма 2 7 > имеющая отверстие (не показано) в стенке и выступ 28 на наружной поверхности. На полой тяге 4 установлены датчики (не показаны) системы измерения усилий и деформаций образца 10.II in its middle part. A finger 14 is mounted on the upper end of the shaft 11 for fastening the test sample 10. The gear wheel 15, mounted 55 for rotation in the glass 1 on the bracket 16, is kinematically connected to the drive (not shown) 'through gears 17-19 and the worm 20. A stop 21 is fixed on the bracket 16, and an end switch 22 is installed on the opposite wall of the glass 1. In the cylindrical protrusion 7 and the rod 11 there are through transverse holes 23 and 24, in which the pin 25 and spring 26 are installed, and the cylindrical protrusion 7 is fitted with the possibility rotation wallpaper and February 7> has a hole (not shown) in the wall and a projection 28 on the outer surface. On the hollow thrust 4 installed sensors (not shown) of the system for measuring the forces and deformations of the sample 10.

Установка работает следующим образом.Installation works as follows.

Перед началом испытаний образец с помощью пальцев 9 и 14 закрепляют в цилиндрическом выступе 7 активного захвата и на верхнем конце цилиндрического стержня 11. Вставляют пружину 26 и-штифт 25 в сквозные поперечные отверстия 23 и 24 в цилиндрическом выступе 7 и стержне 11, после чего поворачивают обойму на определенный угол, в результате чего штифт 25 удерживается в поперечных отверстиях 23 и 24 стенкой обоймы 27, фиксируя цилиндрический стержень 11 относительно цилиндрического выступа 7. Собранные таким образом активный и пассивный захваты с закрепленными в них испытуемым образцом 10 помещают в полость пассивной тяги 4, создают в ней избыточное давление, активный и пассивный захваты опускаются вниз, при этом стержень 11 упирается своим нижним концом с резьбой 12 в резьбовое отверстие 2 стакана 1, который установлен в ядерном реакторе (не показан) , а шестерня 13 входит в зацепление с зубчатым колесом 15. Включают привод вращения зубчатого колеса 15, которое, взаимодействуя с шестерней 13, ввинчивает стержень в резьбовое отверстие 2. При вворачивании стержня 11 на определенную глубину выступ 28 обоймы 27 упирается в упор 21 кронштейна 16, в результате чего обойма 27 перестает вращаться, а штифт 25 с захватами про- . должает вращение до тех пор, пока его конец не окажется напротив отверстия в обойме 27, после чего пружина 26 выталкивает штифт 25 из по5 перечных отверстий 23 и 24 и он упирается в концевой выключатель 22, который отключает привод вращения зубчатого колеса 15· После вывода реактора на заданный режим и достижения образцом 10 заданной температуры включают нагружающее устройство 3, поднимающее вверх активную тягу 4, которая, упираясь внутренним кольцевым буртом 5 в поршень 6, передает растягивающую нагрузку на образец 10. В процессе испытаний штифт 25 свободно перемещается в продольной прорези 8, имеющей длину, заведомо большую возможной деформации испытуемого образца 10, и не препятствует его растяжению» После разрушения образца 10 включают привод вращения зубчатого колеса 15, которое, вращаясь в обратную сторону, вывинчивает стержень 11 из резьбового отверстия 2. Создают в стакане 1 избыточное давление и поршень 6 перемещается вверх по полой тяге 4, поднимая с собой стержень 11, удерживаемый на кольцевом выступе 7 штифтом 25, находящимся одним концом в отверстии обоймы 27 и упирающимся другим концом в стенку продольной прорези 8. После извлечения испытанного образца из активного захвата и цилиндрического стержня 11 в них закрепляют следующий образец и проводят его испытание аналогичным образом.Before starting the test, the sample is fixed with fingers 9 and 14 in the cylindrical protrusion 7 of the active grip and on the upper end of the cylindrical rod 11. Insert the spring 26 and-pin 25 into the through transverse holes 23 and 24 in the cylindrical protrusion 7 and the rod 11, and then rotate the cage at a certain angle, as a result of which the pin 25 is held in the transverse holes 23 and 24 by the wall of the cage 27, fixing the cylindrical rod 11 relative to the cylindrical protrusion 7. The active and passive grips thus assembled are fixed With them, the test sample 10 is placed in the cavity of the passive thrust 4, overpressure is created in it, the active and passive grips are lowered down, while the rod 11 abuts with its lower end with thread 12 into the threaded hole 2 of the beaker 1, which is installed in a nuclear reactor ( not shown), and the gear 13 engages with the gear 15. Turn on the rotation drive of the gear 15, which, interacting with the gear 13, screw the rod into the threaded hole 2. When the rod 11 is screwed to a certain depth, the protrusion 28 of the cage 27 abuts the stop 21, bracket 16, causing the cage 27 stops rotating, and the pin 25 grips pro-. it must rotate until its end is opposite the hole in the cage 27, after which the spring 26 pushes the pin 25 out of the 5 pepper holes 23 and 24 and it abuts against the limit switch 22, which disconnects the gear rotation drive 15 · After the output of the reactor to a predetermined mode and the achievement of a predetermined temperature by the sample 10 include a loading device 3 that lifts the active rod 4 upward, which, abutting the inner annular collar 5 into the piston 6, transfers a tensile load to the sample 10. During testing, the pin 25 moves vigorously in a longitudinal slot 8, having a length known to be larger than the possible deformation of the test sample 10, and does not prevent it from stretching. ”After the destruction of the sample 10, the gear drive 15 is turned on, which, rotating in the opposite direction, unscrews the shaft 11 from the threaded hole 2. Excess pressure is created in the cup 1 and the piston 6 moves upward along the hollow rod 4, lifting the rod 11 with it, held on the annular protrusion 7 by a pin 25 located at one end in the hole of the holder 27 and abutting the other end tom into the wall of the longitudinal slot 8. After removing the tested sample from the active grip and the cylindrical rod 11, they fix the next sample and test it in the same way.

Предлагаемая установка позволяет повысить точность испытаний за счет исключения возможных перекосов испытуемого образца в захватах в процессе его установки и нагружения.The proposed installation allows to increase the accuracy of tests by eliminating possible distortions of the test sample in the grips during installation and loading.

Claims

The invention relates to a test apparatus, in particular to installations for testing samples for rupture in a nuclear reactor. A known installation for testing specimens in the nuclear reactor, holding the active and passive grippers for fastening the sample, associated with them active and passive thrust, two engines, a ball screw mechanism, the screw of which is connected to the active thrust and one of the engines and the nut is made in the form of a middle ring of a double thrust bearing and is associated with a passive heavy fl. Closest to the present invention is a sample test apparatus for breaking a nuclear reactor, comprising a body in the form of a vertically installed glass, a loading device placed above it, a hollow rod connected with it and placed in the glass, a passive and active gripper and system measurements of forces and deformations. The general lack of installations is low test accuracy due to possible distortions of the specimen in the grips during its installation and loading. The purpose of the invention is to increase the test accuracy. This goal is achieved by the fact that in an installation comprising a housing in the form of a vertically installed glass, a loading device placed above it, a hollow rod connected with it and placed in the glass, a passive and active gripper and a system for measuring forces and deformations at the bottom end the girth is made of an annular collar, and in the bottom of the glass there is a threaded hole, the active grip is made up of a piston with a hollow cylindrical protrusion installed in the hollow grubber with the possibility of an abutment The gripper is made in the form of a rod, installed at one end by a sliding fit in the cavity of the protrusion of the active grip and having a thread on the other belt to interact with the threaded hole of the glass, and a gear mounted on the rod in its middle part, and the installation is equipped with a gear wheel, mounted in a glass with the possibility of W interacting with a gear, driving it to rotate and a device for fixing the rod against the cylindrical protrusion. In addition, through the perforated holes are made in the cylindrical hem and the rod, and the fixture for fixing is made in the form of a spring-loaded pin installed in these holes and enclosing the cylindrical protrusion of the yoke c. hole for the pin that can be rotated around its axis. The drawing shows schematically the installation. The installation includes a housing made in the form of a vertically installed glass 1, in the bottom of which an impermeable threaded hole 2 is made. A loading device 3 placed above the glass 1 is associated with a hollow rod installed in the hollow glass I, on the bottom end of which an internal annular collar 5.Active grip is made in the form of a piston i installed in a hollow tube with the possibility of an abutment on the annular cylinder 5 of the piston 6 with a hollow cylindrical protrusion 7 having a protrusion at its end, as well as 3 for fastening the test specimen 10. Passive grip into filled in the form of a cylindrical rod 11, mounted at one end, for example, an upper, sliding fit in the cavity A of the cylindrical protrusion 7 of the active grip and having a thread 12 at the other end for interacting with the threaded hole 2 made in the form of a cup 1, and sheterni 13 installed on the rod I1 in its middle part. At the upper end of the rod 11, a pin Y is attached to fasten the test sample 10. The gear wheel 15 mounted rotatably in the canal 1 on the bracket 16 is kinematically associated with the drive (not shown through gears 17-19 and the worm to 20. On the bracket 16, an anvil 21 is fixed, and a limit switch 22 is installed on the opposite wall of the beaker 1. In the cylindrical protrusion 7 and the rod 11 there are made through transverse holes 23 and 24 in which a pin 25 and a spring 26 are mounted, and the cylindrical protrusion 7 is mounted with the possibility of rotation 2 has an opening (not shown) in the wall and a protrusion 28 on the outer surface. Sensors (not shown) of the system for measuring the forces and deformations of the sample 10 are mounted on a hollow tube k. The installation works as follows 4. Before testing, the sample 10 using fingers 9 and 14 is fixed in the cylindrical protrusion 7 of the active grip and on the upper end of the cylindrical rod 11. Insert the spring 26 and the pin 25 into the through transverse holes 23 and 24 in the cylindrical protrusion 7 and the rod 11, then rotate the holder 27 through a certain angle, cut Betterly, the pin 25 is held in the transverse holes 23 and 24 by the wall of the sleeve 27, fixing the cylindrical rod 11 relative to the cylindrical protrusion 7. The active and passive grippers with test specimen 10 fixed in them are placed into the cavity of the passive pull 4, they create overpressure, active and passive grippers are lowered down, while rod 11 rests on its lower end with thread 12 into threaded hole 2 of cup 1, which is installed in the nuclear reactor (not shown), and gear 13 enters engagement with the gear wheel 15. A rotational drive of the gear wheel 15 is activated, which, in cooperation with gear 13, screws the rod 11 into the screw hole 2. When the rod 11 is screwed to a certain depth, the protrusion 28 of the yoke 27 abuts against the stop 21 of the bracket 16, resulting in the yoke 27 ceases to rotate, the pin 25 with the grips pro-. the rotation continues until its end is opposite the hole in the holder 27, then the spring 2b pushes the pin 25 out of five cross-holes 23 and .k and it stops at the limit switch 22, which turns off the rotational drive of the gear wheel 15. After the output of the reactor to a predetermined mode and when the sample 10 reaches the predetermined temperature includes a loading device 3, an uplifting active traction, which, abutting the inner annular shoulder 5 into the piston 6, transfers the tensile load to the sample 10. During the tests, the pin 25 vobodno moved in the longitudinal slot 8 having a length greater obviously possible deformation of the test piece 10, and does not inhibit its extensibility. After the destruction of sample 10, I turn on the drive of rotation of the gear wheel 15, which, rotating in the opposite direction, unscrews the rod 11 from the threaded hole 2. The overpressure is created in the glass 1 and the pore 6 moves upward along the hollow tube k, lifting the rod 11 with it. held on the annular protrusion 7 by a pin 25, one end in the hole of the sleeve 27 and abutting the other end against the wall of the longitudinal slot 8, Lostle removing the tested specimen from the active grab and the cylindrical sterr 11 in them fix the following and the sample was carried out similarly his test. The proposed installation improves the accuracy of the tests by eliminating possible distortions of the test specimen in the grips during its installation and loading. Claim 1. Sample tensile test apparatus in a nuclear reactor, comprising a body in the form of a vertically installed glass. 0, a loading device placed above it, a hollow tube connected with it and placed in a glass, a passive and active gripper and a system for measuring forces and deformations, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy of the tests, an annular shoulder, and in the bottom of the glass - a threaded hole, the active grip is made as installed in the. A hollow piston piston with a hollow cylindrical protrusion designed to mount the sample, the passive grip is made in the form of a rod mounted at one end along a sliding fit in the cavity of the protrusion of the active grip and having a thread at the other end to interact with the threaded hole of the glass, and the gear mounted on the rod in its middle part, and the installation is equipped with a gear wheel mounted in the glass with the ability to interact with the gear, drive it into and fit niem, for fixing the rod relative to the cylindrical protrusion. 2, Installation according to claim 1, such that, in the cylindrical protrusion and the rod, there are made through transverse holes, and the fixing device is made in the form of a spring-loaded pin installed in these holes, and covering the cylindrical protrusion of the holder with a hole for the pin that is installed with the possibility of rotation around its axis. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author’s certificate of the Council of State Sanitary Tests in application D, 26 47227/25-28, cl. G 01 N 1978.

2. USSR author's certificate according to the application ff 2951) 50 / 25-28, cl. G 01 N 3/18, 1.980 (prototype).