SU927903A1

SU927903A1 - Foundation of building or structure

Info

Publication number: SU927903A1
Application number: SU802985789A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Всеволод Игнатьевич Волосяный
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-3214
Priority date: 1980-09-30
Filing date: 1980-09-30
Publication date: 1982-05-15

Description

Изобретение относится к строительству, в частности к фундаментостроению, и предназначено для применения при возведении свайных фундаментов, имеющих сравнительно высокую отметку верхнего обреза ростверка и воспринимающих значительные горизонтальные нагрузки.The invention relates to construction, in particular to foundation engineering, and is intended for use in the construction of pile foundations having a relatively high elevation of the upper edge of the grillage and perceiving significant horizontal loads.

Известен фундамент зданий и сооружений, включающий куст вертикальных свай, объединяющий головы свай, ростверк и размещенную в грунте вокруг куста свай вертикальную цилиндрическую оболочку, причем оболочка включена в... работу на горизонтальную нагрузку путем соединения с ростверком, выполненным низким, т.е. с размещением подошвы на грунте, горизонтальными связями [1] .The foundation of buildings and structures is known, including a bush of vertical piles, combining the heads of piles, a grillage and a vertical cylindrical shell located in the soil around the bush of piles, and the shell is included in ... work on horizontal load by connecting with a grillage made low, i.e. with the placement of the sole on the ground, horizontal ties [1].

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Недостатком известного фундамента является высокая материалоемкость в случае сравнительно высокой отметки верхнего обреза ростверка, что обусловлено большим объемом тела рост-, верка.A disadvantage of the known foundation is the high material consumption in the case of a relatively high elevation of the upper edge of the grillage, which is due to the large volume of the body growth, calibration.

Наиболее близким к изобретению по технической сущности и достигаемому · результату является фундамент зданий,, сооружений, включающий куст вертикальных свай, высокий ростверк и размещенную на поверхности грунта плиту с отверстиями, через которые пропущены сваи, причем размеры отверстий в плите превышают размеры свай [21 .The closest to the invention in terms of technical essence and the achieved result is the foundation of buildings, structures, including a bush of vertical piles, a high grillage and a slab placed on the ground surface with holes through which piles are passed, and the size of the holes in the slab exceeds the size of the piles [21.

Этому фундаменту присущи недостаточная несущая способность на горизонтальные нагрузки и повышенная материалоемкость.This foundation is characterized by inadequate bearing capacity for horizontal loads and increased material consumption.

Цель изобретения - повышение несущей способности на горизонтальные нагрузки и снижение материалоемкости .The purpose of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity for horizontal loads and reduce material consumption.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что фундамент зданий, сооружений, включающий куст вертикальных свай, высокий ростверк и размещенную на по з 92 'ич'хнпсти грунта плиту с отверстиями. через которые пропущены сваи, причем размеры отверстий в плите превышают размеры свай, снабжен вершкальной цилиндрической оболочкой, жестко присоединенной к плите верхней своей частью, а в отверстиях плиты вокруг свай размещены прокладки из упругого материала.This goal is achieved by the fact that the foundation of buildings and structures, including a bush of vertical piles, a high grillage and a plate with holes located on the ground 92 'ich'khnpsti soil. through which piles are passed, moreover, the dimensions of the holes in the plate exceed the dimensions of the piles, is equipped with a vertex cylindrical shell rigidly attached to the plate with its upper part, and gaskets made of elastic material are placed in the holes of the plate around the piles.

На фиг.1 схематически изображен предлагаемый фундамент, продольный разрез; на фиг. 2 - разрез А-А на фиг.1.Figure 1 schematically depicts the proposed foundation, a longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 - section aa in figure 1.

Фундамент зданий, сооружений включает куст вертикальных свай 1, высокий ростверк: 2, объединяющий головы свай 1, вертикальную цилиндрическую оболочку 3, размещенную вокруг куста свай 1, и плиту 4, расположенную ниже ростверка 2 таким образом, что ее подошва размещена на слое слабого грунта, например водонасыщенного рыхлого пылеватого песка 5· В слое песка 5 размещена также оболочка 3. Сваи 1 и цилиндрическая оболочка 3 выполнены сборными железобетонными, ростверк 2 и плита 4 - монолитными железобетонными. В своей верхней части оболочка 3 жестко соединена с плитой 4, например, путем приварки анкеров (не показаны) к закладным деталям (не показаны) оболочки 3, расположенным на ее внутренней поверхности на уровне плиты 4, и последующего бетонирования анкеров в бетоне плиты 4. Стволы свай 1 защемлены в теле плиты 4 с возможностью вертикального перемещения, что обеспечивается путем размещения в зазорах 6 между боковыми поверхностями отверстий в плите 4 и свай 1 двух слоев упругого материала, например гидроизола .The foundation of buildings includes a bush of vertical piles 1, a high grillage: 2, combining the heads of the piles 1, a vertical cylindrical shell 3 placed around the bush of piles 1, and a plate 4 located below the grillage 2 in such a way that its sole is placed on a layer of soft soil , for example, water-saturated loose dusty sand 5 · In the sand layer 5 there is also a shell 3. Piles 1 and a cylindrical shell 3 are made of precast concrete, grillage 2 and plate 4 are monolithic reinforced concrete. In its upper part, the shell 3 is rigidly connected to the slab 4, for example, by welding anchors (not shown) to the embedded parts (not shown) of the shell 3 located on its inner surface at the level of the slab 4, and then concreting the anchors in the concrete of the slab 4. The trunks of piles 1 are pinched in the body of the plate 4 with the possibility of vertical movement, which is achieved by placing in the gaps 6 between the side surfaces of the holes in the plate 4 and piles 1 two layers of elastic material, for example, hydroisol.

Нижние концы свай 1 заглублены в слой тугопластичного суглинка 7·The lower ends of piles 1 are buried in a layer of stiff-clay loam 7 ·

Фундамент работает следующим образом.The foundation works as follows.

Вертикальная нагрузка от высокого ростверка 2* через сваи 1 передается преимущественно слою тугопластичного суглинка 7. По характеру работы в грунте сваи .1 являются висячими. Вертикальная осадка свай 1 протекает благодаря защемлению их стволов в теле плиты с возможностью вертикального перемещения, независимо от осадки плиты- 4 и жестко связанной с ней оболочки 3· При этом '903 4 происходит сдвиг между слоями упругого материала, заполняющими зазоры 6 между боковыми поверхностями свай 1 и отверстий в плите 4. Горизон 5 тальная нагрузка от ростверка 2 через стволы свай 1 и материал заполнения зазоров 6 передается плите 4, выполняющей роль жесткого диска, обеспечивающего неизменность кон10 тура оболочки 3 в ее верхней части и равномерную передачу горизонтальной нагрузки по периметру оболочки 3· Так как сопротивляемость цилиндрической оболочки 3 единичному горизон15 тальному смещению в грунте 5, благодаря вовлечению в работу большого объема грунта 5, окружающего оболочку 3 и расположенного в уровне нижнего основания оболочки 3, во много 20 раз больше суммарной сопротивляемости свай 1 такому смещению, практически вся горизонтальная нагрузка воспринимается оболочкой 3 и через нее передается грунту.5· Возможная 25 вертикальная осадка оболочки 3 и плиты 4, например вследствие·загружения поверхности грунта 5 полезной нагрузкой, протекает независимо от осадки свай 1 также благодаря нали30 чию швов сдвига в зазорах 6. Под действием горизонтальной нагрузки стволы свай 1, расположенные выше плиты 4, подвергаются изгибу, который обуславливает горизонтальное смеще₃₅ ние ростверка 2. Уменьшению такого смещения способствует защемление стволов свай 1 в теле плиты 4, при этом уменьшается расчетная длина стволов свай 1 при расчете их на внецентренное сжатие с учетом гибкости’. При необходимости значительного уменьшения горизонтального смещения ростверка 2 оно может быть достигнуто путем установки между стволами свай 1 выше плиты 4 вертикальных стальных связей (не показаны).The vertical load from a high grillage 2 * through piles 1 is transmitted mainly by a layer of refractory loam 7. According to the nature of the work in the soil, piles .1 are hanging. The vertical upsetting of piles 1 occurs due to the jamming of their trunks in the body of the plate with the possibility of vertical movement, regardless of the upsetting of plate-4 and the shell 3 rigidly connected to it. In this case, '903 4 there is a shift between the layers of elastic material filling the gaps 6 between the side surfaces of the piles 1 and holes in the plate 4. Horizon 5 is the total load from the grillage 2 through the pile trunks 1 and the gap filling material 6 is transferred to the plate 4, which acts as a hard disk, ensuring the constancy of the shell 3 in its upper part and uniform transfer of horizontal load along the perimeter of the shell 3 · Since the resistance of the cylindrical shell 3 to a unit horizontal displacement in the soil 5, due to the involvement of a large volume of soil 5 surrounding the shell 3 and located at the lower base of the shell 3, is many 20 times the total resistance of the piles 1 to such a displacement, almost the entire horizontal load is absorbed by the casing 3 and transmitted through the soil through it. 5 · Possible 25 vertical settlement of the casing 3 and plate 4, for example, · a consequence of loading the ground surface 5 payload, occurs regardless of rainfall piles 1 also thanks nali30-being shear seams in gaps 6. Under the influence of the horizontal load trunks piles 1 disposed above the plate 4 subjected to bending, which causes the horizontal displacements of the pile cap ₃₅ 2. A reduction in this displacement is facilitated by pinching of the pile 1 trunks in the body of the plate 4, while the estimated length of the pile 1 trunks when calculating them for eccentric compression taking into account the flexibility decreases. If it is necessary to significantly reduce the horizontal displacement of the grillage 2, it can be achieved by installing vertical steel ties (not shown) between the pile 1 trunks above the plate 4.

Таким образом, изобретение обеспечивает эффективное включение цилиндрической оболочки в работу на горизонтальные нагрузки, защемление стволов свай в теле плиты - их несмещаемо ст ь от носитель но оболочки в горизонтальной плоскости на уровне плиты, а также малую расчетную гибкость размещенных над плитой участков свай, что способствует ограничению горизонтальных перемещений ростверка. Обеспечение возможности вертикальных перемещений стволов свай относительно плиты позволяет упростить конструктивное решение соответствующих узлов, а также избежать загружения свай нагрузкой от веса плиты, оболочки. Суммарный объем высокого ростверка, плиты и размещенных под плитой участков стволов свай существенно меньше объема массивного ростверка известного фундамента, что предопределяет снижение 10 его материалоемкости.Thus, the invention provides the effective inclusion of a cylindrical shell in the work on horizontal loads, pinching of the pile trunks in the body of the plate - they are not displaceable from the carrier in the horizontal plane at the level of the plate, as well as low design flexibility of the sections of piles placed above the plate, which contributes to limiting horizontal movements of the grillage. Providing the possibility of vertical movements of the pile trunks relative to the plate allows to simplify the structural solution of the respective nodes, as well as to avoid loading the piles with the load from the weight of the plate, shell. The total volume of a high grillage, slab and sections of piles trunks located under the slab is significantly less than the volume of a massive grillage of a known foundation, which determines a decrease in its 10 material consumption.

Claims

The invention relates to the construction, in particular, to foundation engineering, and is intended for use in the erection of pile foundations having a relatively high level of the upper edge of the grillage and perceiving significant horizontal loads. The foundation of buildings and structures is known, which includes a bush of vertical piles, which unites heads of piles, height of wrecks and a vertical cylindrical shell placed around the bush of piles, the shell being included in work on a horizontal load by joining with a grillage made low, t . with placing the sole on the ground, horizontal connections 1}. A disadvantage of the known foundation is high material consumption in the case of a relatively high level of the upper edge of the grillage, which is caused by the large volume of the grillage body. On the “closer to the invention by technical essence and the achieved result, there is a foundation of buildings, including a bush of vertical piles, a high grillage and a slab with holes on the ground surface, through which the piles are passed, and the dimensions of the holes in the slab exceed the dimensions of the piles insufficient bearing capacity for horizontal loads and increased material intensity are inherent. The purpose of the invention is to increase the carrying capacity for horizontal loads and reduce material consumption. The goal is achieved by the fact that the foundation of buildings, structures, including a bush of vertical piles, a high grillage and placed on the ground with a hole V,:. through which the piles are passed, and the dimensions of the holes in the slab exceed the dimensions of the piles, they are provided with a septic cylindrical shell rigidly attached to the slab with its upper part, and in the holes of the slab around the piles there are spacers of elastic material. In Fig.1 schematically shows the proposed Foundation, a longitudinal section; in fig. 2 - section AA on fi 1. the foundation of buildings and structures includes a bush of vertical piles 1, a high grillage; 2, combining the heads of piles 1, a vertical cylindrical shell 3 placed around the pile bush 1 and a slab k, located below the grillage 2 in such a way that its sole is placed on a layer of weak soil, for example, water saturated loose silt sand 5- In the layer of sand 5 is placed also sheath 3- Piles 1 and the cylindrical sheath 3 are made of precast concrete, the grillage 2 and the slab k are monolithic reinforced concrete. In its upper part, the shell is rigidly connected to the slab k, for example, by welding anchors not shown) to the embedded parts (not shown) of the shell 3 located on its inner surface at the level of the plate k, and then concreting the anchors in the concrete of the slab. 1 are clamped in the body of the plate 4 with the possibility of vertical movement, which is ensured by placing in the gaps 6 between the side surfaces of the holes in the plate k and the piles 1 two layers of elastic material, for example a hydroisol. The lower ends of the piles 1 are buried in a layer of refractory loam 7. The foundation works as follows. The vertical load from the high grillage 2 through the piles 1 is transmitted predominantly to a layer of refractory loam 7. By the nature of the work in the soil, the piles .1 are heavy. Vertical sediment of piles 1 proceeds due to pinching of their trunks in the body of the slab with the possibility of vertical movement, regardless of the precipitation of the slab-4 and rigidly connected with it around the rim 3 and 3. There is a shift between the layers of elastic material filling the gaps 6 between side surfaces of the piles 1 and holes in the plate k. The horizontal load from the grillage 2 through the trunks of the piles 1 and the filling material of the gaps 6 is transferred to the plate, which plays the role of a hard disk, ensuring the contour of the shell 3 in its upper part and uniform transfer of the horizontal load along the perimeter of the shell 3 So as the resistance of the cylindrical shell 3 to a single horizontal displacement in soil 5, due to the involvement of a large amount of soil 5 surrounding the shell 3 and located in the level of the lower base of the shell 3, many times the total second resistance of the pile 1 to such displacement, substantially all of the horizontal load is sensed and the shell 3 is transmitted therethrough ground 5. A vertical draft of the shell 3 and the slab is possible, for example, due to loading the soil surface 5 with a payload, regardless of the draft of the piles 1, also due to the presence of shear seams in the gaps 6. Under the action of a horizontal load, the piles 1 located above the plate are subjected to bending, which causes horizontal displacement of the grillage 2. Reducing this displacement contributes to pinching the trunks of the piles 1 in the body of the plate, while reducing the estimated length of the trunks of the piles 1 when calculating them for off-center compression given flexibility. If necessary, a significant reduction in the horizontal displacement of the grillage 2 can be achieved by installing vertical steel links (not shown) between the trunks of the piles 1 above the slab k. Thus, the invention provides for the effective inclusion of a cylindrical shell into work on horizontal loads, pinching of the pile trunks in the body of the slab — they cannot be displaced from the carrier in the horizontal plane at the plate level, as well as low design flexibility of the piles located above the slab, which contributes limit the horizontal movements of the grillage. Ensuring the possibility of vertical displacement of the pile trunks relative to the slab allows the PT to simplify the constructive solution of the corresponding nodes, as well as to avoid loading the piles with the load from the weight of the slab and shell. The total volume of the high grillage, the slab and the pile sections located under the slab are substantially less than the volume of the massive grillage of the known foundation, which predetermines a decrease in its material intensity. The invention formula The foundation of constructions, structures, including a bush of vertical piles, a high grillage and a slab with holes 3b placed on the surface of the ground. through which they pass. Г1р; гп-м dimensions of holes in the npcBiJiuaiiT slab dimensions of piles, characterized in that, in order to increase the carrying capacity for horizontal loads and reduce material consumption, bn is provided with a vertical cylindrical shell rigidly attached to the slab with its upper part, and in the holes of the slab Gaskets made of elastic material are placed around the piles. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate on the application (G 27V8E O / 2E-33 (SEESB X CL. E 02 D 27/12, 1980).

2. USSR author's certificate according to Jf 293 265 / 29-33 (080999), Cl. E 02 D 27/20, 1980 (prototype).

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