SU906429A1 - Device for thrashing standing plants - Google Patents

Description

(54) INSTALLATION FOR THRESHOLDING OF PLANTS ON THE ROOT

The invention relates to farming, namely, devices for threshing cereals and other plants on the vine. A device for threshing plants on the root is known, in which mechanical shaking of plants is carried out with many-sided rollers and the grains are picked up by air flow 1. A disadvantage of this device is increased mechanical trauma to the grains and stalks of the plants. The closest solution to the invention is a plant for threshing plants at the root, containing a frame, a pneumatic conveying channel, in the discharge branch of which air vent holes are made, and a combing device 2. The disadvantage of this installation is that mechanical injury to plants of easily sprinkling cereal strippers occurs. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the mechanical trauma of plants with easily-draining grain crops when they are thrashed repeatedly at the root, reducing the loss of the biological mass of grain and operating costs. This goal is achieved in that the stripper is made in the form of horizontal perforated pipes connected to the injection branches, which are made wavy and are equidistant to each other. In addition, the wavelength of pipelines is variable along their length. With this installation, the vibrations of plants are caused by the movement of plants with friction along wavelike labyrinths (slots) of pipes with smooth, relatively large and smooth surfaces. The mechanical injury to the seeds is reduced, since the flight paths of the seeds in the pneumatic conveying channel are close to linear. Hollow tubes of sinusoidal configuration are made with a variable wavelength in order to provide a variable (floating) frequency of forced mechanical vibrations of plants - at a constant speed of movement of the implanted device over the land in order to periodically (cyclically) approximate the frequency of forced mechanical vibrations of a plant to its own resonant seed frequencies on the stem for better seeding and lower energy costs for this work. It is assumed that the seeds on the stems of a particular plant species for the most part have their own resonant frequencies of mechanical vibrations, ranging from to where is the minimum, and frnax is the maximum own resonant frequency of the heaviest and lightest seed, respectively.

For installing moving relatively stationary plants with speed V, wavelength A of wave-shaped hollow tubes can be determined by the formula A V: f, where f is the forced frequency of the mechanical vibrations of the plants. So, to provide forced mechanical oscillations of a certain average seed on a plant with its own resonant frequency, the average wavelength Asp of a hollow tube must be equal to Kcf V. If the wave-shaped tubes are made of a sinusoidal configuration with an Asp wavelength, then the average seeds will easily and quickly separate from the stalks, while other seeds whose natural resonant frequencies are close to or equal to fmin or fn, ai will be worse to separate from the stalks that will cause certain losses during the harvest. In order to prevent this from happening, the wave-shaped hollow tube is made of a sinusoidal configuration for the most part of its length, but with a variable wavelength: some of the wavelengths are equal to Asr, some -., Some - Cs and some - equal to some intermediate ones. values in the range of wavelengths from Amin 10 max — in this case, the plant will be subject to forced oscillations with a frequency from to that will cover all (or almost all) of the natural resonant frequencies of the mechanical vibrations of all seeds on the stem and provide a better threshing grainaimenshimi lossy.

FIG. 1 shows a plant for threshing plants at the root; in fig. 2 - the same, top view; in fig. 3 - part of undulating pipelines (section A-A in Fig. 1).

Frame 1 is a parallelepiped made of welded section rolled products. Pneumotransport channel 2 is made in the form of a thin-walled bell fixed to frame 1 below and ending with sealing flange 3 made of vacuum rubber from above, stripping device made as a group of equidistant wavy hollow pipes 4 having air outlets 5, and sealing flanges 6 made from vacuum rubber. All hollow tubes are fixed from above to frame 1, and from below to lower constructive elements of the same frame 1, with the possibility of sagging beyond the frame and sliding interaction with processed easy-flowing cereal plants 7. Frame 1 is fitted from above with elements of detachable articulation with a bridge device - sealing flanges (3, 6, and others), as well as plugs, for example, 8, providing temporary mechanical coupling of the proposed installation, for example, with a bridge device.

The installation works as follows.

The proposed installation is brought to the treated land and is suspended above the plants of free-flowing grain crops. Plants 7 enter the annular distances and are in the zone of air jets escaping at the required speed from the air outlets 5. Air flows capture the ripe and easily drying grains and carry them through the pneumotransport channel 2 to the corresponding grain container (bunker), while in the pneumotransmitter Channel 2, as well as in subsequent pneumotransport channels, is provided by a known method. The necessary air discharge is necessary, which ensures more efficient suction of the grain at the inlet of the pneumotrane. 2. When the proposed device is moving relative to stationary plants, forced mechanical vibration (tr) of the plants is carried out with the aim of more effective grain separation from the plant stalks due to the wave-like annular spacing (wavy raster). With a sinusoidal configuration of a wavy raster of hollow tubes with variable wavelength, the frequency of plant vibrations is variable, which contributes to an increase in the efficiency of grain separation. The height of the overhang of the proposed device is provided, for example, by a bridge device.

The positive effect that is achieved by the use of the plant is that the mechanical trauma to the plants of easily-dried grains is reduced during long-term vegetative development with their repeated threshing at the root for a more complete collection of the biological mass of the grain.

Claims (2)

The invention The installation for threshing plants one. at the root, containing a frame, pneumatransporting knpal, in the discharge branch of which air vents are made, and a combing device, characterized in that, in order to reduce mechanical trauma to the plants of lightly pouring grain crops, with their repeated threshing at the root, reduce the loss of biological mass of grain and operational flow rates, stripping device made in the form of horizontal perforated pipelines connected to the injection branches, which are made in waves and and are equidistant to each other. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the wavelength of the pipelines is variable along their length. Information sources, taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 87990, cl. A 01 D 41/08, 1949. 2. USSR author's certificate No. 6,76215, cl. A 01 D 41/08, 1979 (prototype). ,, FIG.