SU897835A1 - Reactor for pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

one

The invention relates to a technique for producing acetylene and olefinic hydrocarbons from a liquid hydrocarbon feedstock and can be used in chemical and petrochemical industry.

A known reactor for the production of acetylene and olefinic hydrocarbons (mainly ethylene) by the pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons, which includes a housing with a vertical reaction channel in which high-speed nozzles are horizontally mounted around the main flare P

Also known is a reactor for the pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons, which is the closest to the proposed one, comprising a housing with a vertically arranged reaction channel.

In the upper part of the channel, there is a block for spraying the raw material and at right angles to it are symmetrical furnace chambers and burners. At the bottom of the channel

The horizontal distribution plate C21 is located.

The disadvantage of the reactor is the uneven distribution of the hot gas stream over the cross section of the reactor, which leads to a decrease in the yield of the target products.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of the target products by ensuring a uniform distribution of the hot gas stream over the reactor cross section.

The goal is achieved by making the distributor plate in the form of a counter cone with holes provided with a shell, the angle of inclination of the cone being 2-5 to the horizontal plane.

When the angle of inclination is less than 2 and greater than 5, the uniform distribution of gas in the holes of the tray and the submerged layer is disturbed, which leads to inefficient hardening and a decrease in the yields of the target products. When the angle of inclination of the plate is less than 2 through the holes of the plate in the center where there is increased pressure, the gas consumption will be greater than in the peripheral part, where the pressure is lower. When the angle of inclination of the tray is greater than 5, the main gas stream is directed to the periphery and a layer of liquid hydrocarbons passes through the continuous stream. The drawing shows a longitudinal section of the reactor. The reactor for the production of acetylene and olefinic hydrocarbons by the pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons is a cylindrical apparatus consisting of a vertically installed reactor vessel 1 with a conical bottom, carrying burners 3, burners 3, a reaction channel 4, a distributor plate 5, a block on its upper flange 6 sprays of the raw material, the vertical hood 7. The reaction channel and the combustion chambers are combined in a single metal structure, lined with refractory materials, in which four or more cylindrical combustion chambers At the beginning of reaction channel 4, they are positioned symmetrically in one horizontal plane at an angle to the reaction channel and directed toward its center (burners 3 are installed at the end of the combustion chambers 2. The burner inserts are inserted into the combustion chambers for cooling purposes with an annular casing 8. At the top The reaction channel is provided with a raw material spraying unit 6 mounted on Krysha 7. In the lower part, the reaction channel is equipped with a distributor plate 5 made in the form of a reverse cone 9 with holes with a shell 10 provided with holes. The tilt angle of the cone is 2-5 ° to the horizontal plane. The inside of the reactor is equipped with a housing 11 for supplying cooled hydrocarbons, for removing heat from the walls of the reactor. The reactor is also equipped with a level gauge 12, fittings 13 and 14 for supplying and discharging liquid hydrocarbons, fitting 15 for withdrawing gaseous reaction products. Electrolitches 16 for the ignition of the combustible mixture, the sensor 17 for monitoring the presence of flame in the combustion chambers, are mounted on the lid 7 of the reactor. The reactor operates as follows. The vessel of the reactor 1 through the nozzle 13 is filled with FLUID hydrocarbons up to level 54 not lower than 100 mm above the distributor plate 5. The burners 3 are supplied with heated oxygen and fuel (carbon black hydrocarbons from the reactor) at or near the stoichiometric ratio. Oxygen in the burner acquires a rotational motion, and soot-containing hydrocarbons are sprayed with water vapor. As a result, a hydrocarbon-oxygen mixture is formed at the exit from the burners, which is ignited with electric candles 16 installed in each combustion chamber 2. The flue gases from the combustion chambers are sent to the reaction channel 4. Their temperature is maintained at a certain level by the amount of water (oxygenated water vapor). Raw materials (fresh or from the reactor are fed down through the unit 6 by spraying the raw material evenly down over the entire cross section of the reaction channel. Upon leaving the reaction channel, the reaction products The separator plates 5 are divided into bubbles, distributed in liquid hydrocarbons and bubbled through them, where partial cracking of hydrocarbons and rapid cooling of reaction products to 180-200 ° C occurs. Inclined distribution plate provides constant resistance in the holes and throughout the section of the immersion layer due to the change in the height of the hydrocarbon layer from the plate to the upper level of the liquid layer through which the hot gas flow passes, and the gas flow is distributed into small bubbles more equal to angles in the bulk liquid hydrocarbons. This contributes to the development of a larger contact surface for gaseous products and liquid hydrocarbons. Through nozzle 15, the reaction products are withdrawn from the reactor and further processed in a known manner. The temperature of the liquid hydrocarbons in the reactor is maintained within the range of 180-200 ° C by draining them through the nozzle 14 into the boiler for cooling. Fresh raw materials are introduced into the reactor through the nozzle 13 together with the hydrocarbon-ch. Maintaining the amount of soot in circulating hydrocarbons at the required level is achieved by burning part of the carbon-containing hydrocarbons from the reactor in the burners and supplying fresh raw materials.

Claims (1)

Claim A reactor for the pyrolysis of liquid hydrocarbons, including a housing, with a vertical reaction channel, in the upper part of which there is a feed spraying unit and symmetrically combustion chambers and burners at a right angle to it, and in the lower part there is a distribution plate, about l and with the aim that, in order to increase the yield of the target products by ensuring uniform distribution of the hot gas stream over the reactor cross section, the distribution plate is made in the form of a cone equipped with a shell with holes, and The tilt angle of the cone is 2-5 ° to the horizontal plane.