SU895629A1

SU895629A1 - Lap

Info

Publication number: SU895629A1
Application number: SU802863231A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владислав Владимирович Ключников
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я Р-6681
Priority date: 1980-01-03
Filing date: 1980-01-03
Publication date: 1982-01-07

Description

Изобретение относится к конструкциям и технологии изготовления инструмента для точной обработки поверхности. Оно может быть использовано для обработки деталей, например, с цилиндрической поверхностью любого ⁵радиуса, в частности, из оптического стекла.The invention relates to structures and manufacturing techniques for precision surface treatment. It can be used to process parts, for example, with a cylindrical surface of any ⁵ radius, in particular, from optical glass.

Известен притир для точной обработки (шлифовки и полировки) деталей из оптического стекла, выполненный в виде базовой плиты с установленной на ней доводочной плитой [1] .Known lapping for precise processing (grinding and polishing) of parts made of optical glass, made in the form of a base plate with a lapping plate installed on it [1].

Базовая плита притира обеспечивает использование его как инструмента на специальных станках.The base plate of lapping ensures its use as a tool on special machines.

Такие притиры, в частности, с криволинейной рабочей поверхностью характеризуются большой трудоемкостью изготовления и низкой точностью за счет быстрого срабатывания. Трудоемкость изготовления рабочей поверхности притира велика из-за отсутствия станков необходимой точности и большого объе2 ма ручной работы, особенно на этапе доводки. Срабатывание притира определяется законами базировки, использованием жидкого абразива и твердостью выбранного материала. Как правило, материал притира выбирается мягче материала обрабатываемой детали, - это соответствует требованиям технологического процесса. Однако, большую точность обеспечивают притиры из более твердого материала, например, из серого чугуна или стали. Практически же из-за большого объема ручной работы при изготовлении притира используются мягкие материалы, например, сплавы алюминия. Они сокращают трудоемкость изготовления, но и продолжительность работы такого притира мала в результате быстрого срабатывания. Если изготовление таких притиров с малым радиусом (до 500 мм) возможно механизировать до этапа доводки, выполняемой вручную, то при увеличении радиуса исключает3Such lapping, in particular, with a curved working surface, are characterized by a high complexity of manufacturing and low accuracy due to quick response. The complexity of manufacturing the working surface of the lapping is great due to the lack of machines of the necessary accuracy and the large volume of manual work, especially at the finishing stage. The lapping operation is determined by the laws of basing, the use of liquid abrasive and the hardness of the selected material. As a rule, lapping material is selected softer than the material of the workpiece — this meets the requirements of the process. However, laps made of harder material, such as gray cast iron or steel, provide greater accuracy. Practically, due to the large amount of manual work, soft materials, for example, aluminum alloys, are used in the manufacture of lapping. They reduce the complexity of manufacturing, but the duration of such a lapping is small as a result of quick response. If it is possible to mechanize the manufacture of such lapping sheets with a small radius (up to 500 mm) to the manual finishing stage, then with an increase in radius it excludes3

Эта работа характеризуется трудоемкостью и низкой точКроме этого, серьезным недотакого притира является мася возможность использования станка и обработка цилиндрической поверхности выполняется полностью вручную по копиру. большой ностью. статком лая продолжительность его использования и особенно в серийном производстве из-за большого срабатывания краевой зоны и невозможности ее коррекции .This work is characterized by laboriousness and a low point. In addition, a serious under-grinding is the ability to use the machine and the processing of the cylindrical surface is completely manual by copying. a big note. the barking duration of its use and especially in serial production because of the large actuation of the edge zone and the impossibility of its correction.

Цель изобретения — снижение трудоемкости изготовления притира и повышение его точности.The purpose of the invention is to reduce the complexity of manufacturing lapping and increase its accuracy.

Поставленная цель достигается тем, что у притира, выполненного в базовой плиты с установленной доводочной плитой, на базовой выполнены призматические пазы виде на ней плите и онаThis goal is achieved by the fact that the lapping, made in the base plate with installed lapping plate, on the base made prismatic grooves in the form of a plate on it and it

2р = К - 1, где2p = K - 1, where

К — число ролипритир для обравогнутых поверхто же, для вына которых расплита 4, закреп1, например, винί снабжена цилиндрическими роликами переменного диаметра, установленными в призматические пазы, а доводочная плита установлена на эти ролики с возможностью контакта с каждым из них.K is the number of rollers for those curved on top, for which 4 are diffused, fixed1, for example, the wine is equipped with cylindrical rollers of variable diameter installed in prismatic grooves, and a lapping plate is installed on these rollers with the possibility of contact with each of them.

При этом базовая и доводочная плиты связаны между собой креплениями между роликами, а число креплений выбрано из условия: 2р = К р — число креплений, ков.In this case, the base and lapping plates are interconnected by the fasteners between the rollers, and the number of fasteners is selected from the condition: 2p = K p is the number of fasteners, kov.

На фиг. 1 показан ботки цилиндрических ностей; на фиг. 2 — пуклых поверхностей.In FIG. 1 shows boots of cylindrical supports; in FIG. 2 - convex surfaces.

На базовой плите 1 в призматических пазах 2 установлены ролики переменного диаметра 3, положена доводочная ленная на основании тами 5 и гайками 6.On the base plate 1, in the prismatic grooves 2, rollers of variable diameter 3 are installed, lapping is laid on the base with 5 and nuts 6.

Необходимая кривизна доводочной плиты 4 достигается подбором роликов 3, установленных в соответствующие пазы 2 базовой плиты 1. Меняя ролики, можно добиться любой кривизны цилиндрической поверхности, например, вогнутой (фиг. 1) или выпуклой (фиг. 2). Усилие крепления, например, винтами 5 и гайками 6 обеспечивает полное поджатие плиты 4 к роликам з.The necessary curvature of the lapping plate 4 is achieved by selecting rollers 3 installed in the corresponding grooves 2 of the base plate 1. By varying the rollers, any curvature of the cylindrical surface can be achieved, for example, concave (Fig. 1) or convex (Fig. 2). The fastening force, for example, with screws 5 and nuts 6, ensures that the plate 4 is completely pressed against the rollers h.

Работа притира осуществляется за счет скольжения его рабочей доводочной плиты по обрабатываемой детали при наличиии между ними жидкого абразива. Закон взаимного перемещения притира и детали определяется формой доводочной поверхности притира. 0625 fO работка производится на специальных станках, обеспечивающих необходимое перемещение детали по притиру, или наоборот. Крепление притира на станке производится на его базовую плиту.The lapping work is carried out by sliding its working lapping plate on the workpiece in the presence and between them of liquid abrasive. The law of mutual movement of lapping and details is determined by the shape of the lapping surface of the lapping. 0625 fO work is carried out on special machines that provide the necessary movement of the part on grinding, or vice versa. The lapping on the machine is mounted on its base plate.

Технико-экономический эффект от реализации изобретения очевиден при сравнении предлагаемой конструкции с известными притирами. Последние характеризуются большой трудоемкостью изготовления, низкой точностью и недолговечностью использования. Большой объем ручной работы при изготовлении притиров усложняет использование твердых материалов. А при изготовлении цилиндрических притиров большого радиуса полностью их исключает. Использование же мягких материалов приводит к быстрому износу краевой зоны притира и выходу его из строя. Практически, после обработки 2-3 деталей точность, поверхности притира выходит за пределы допуска.The technical and economic effect of the implementation of the invention is obvious when comparing the proposed design with known lapping. The latter are characterized by a high complexity of manufacturing, low accuracy and fragility of use. The large amount of manual work in the manufacture of lapping makes it difficult to use solid materials. And in the manufacture of cylindrical lapping large radius completely eliminates them. The use of soft materials leads to rapid wear of the edge zone of lapping and its failure. In practice, after processing 2-3 parts the accuracy of the grinding surface goes beyond tolerance.

Реализация изобретения позволит исключить наиболее трудоемкую часть технологического цикла изготовления притира — ручной труд, и полностью механизировать его изготовление. При этом значительно повышается точность рабочей поверхности, которая определяется точностью выполнения роликов. При срабатывании доводочной плиты она легко восстанавливается простой шлифовкой или заменой. Все эти преимущества не зависят от твердости материала рабочей поверхности притира и точности его выполнения.The implementation of the invention will eliminate the most time-consuming part of the technological cycle of manufacturing lapping - manual labor, and fully mechanize its manufacture. This significantly improves the accuracy of the working surface, which is determined by the accuracy of the rollers. When the lapping plate is triggered, it is easily restored by simple grinding or replacement. All these advantages do not depend on the hardness of the material of the working surface of the lapping and the accuracy of its implementation.

Claims

The invention relates to the design and manufacturing technology of a tool for precision surface treatment. It can be used for machining parts, for example, with a cylindrical surface of any radius, in particular, of optical glass. Known priter for precise processing (grinding and polishing) of parts made of optical glass, made in the form of a base plate with a finishing plate l installed on it. Base plate lapping provides its use as a tool on special machines. Such lapings, in particular, with a curvilinear working surface, are characterized by high labor-consuming manufacture and low accuracy due to quick response. The laboriousness of manufacturing the lapping surface is great due to the lack of machines of the required accuracy and a large amount of manual work, especially at the finishing stage. The operation of the primer is determined by the laws of the base, the use of a liquid abrasive and the hardness of the selected material. As a rule, the priter material is chosen softer than the material of the workpiece, this corresponds to the requirements of the technological process. However, more precision is provided by pritira from more solid material, for example, from gray cast iron or steel. Practically, due to the large amount of manual work, soft materials, such as aluminum alloys, are used in the production of the lap. They reduce the labor-intensiveness of manufacturing, but the duration of the work of such a primer is small as a result of a quick response. If the manufacture of such groundings with a small radius (up to 500 mm) is possible to mechanize up to the manual finishing stage, then increasing the radius excludes the possibility of using the machine and the processing of the cylindrical surface is completely manual on the copier. This work is characterized by high labor intensity and low accuracy. In addition, a serious disadvantage of such a primer is the short duration of its use, and especially in mass production due to the large actuation of the marginal zone and the impossibility of its correction. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the labor capacity of manufacturing a lap and increase its accuracy. The goal is achieved by the priter, made in the form of a base plate with a lapping plate installed on it, on a base plate prismatic grooves are made, and it is equipped with cylindrical rollers of variable diameter installed in prismatic grooves, and the polishing plate is installed on these rollers with the possibility of contact with each of them. At the same time, the base and finishing plates are interconnected by fastenings between the rollers, and the number of fasteners is chosen from the condition: 2p K - 1, where p is the number of fasteners, K is the number of rollers. Fig. 1 shows a priter for treatment of cylindrical concave surfaces; in fig. 2 - then; {e, for convex surfaces. On the base plate 1, in the prismatic grooves 2, there are rollers of variable diameter 3, on which the finishing plate k is fixed on the base 1, in the form of fep, screws 5 and nuts 6. "The curvature of the finishing plate is achieved by fitting the rollers 3 installed in the corresponding grooves 2 base plate 1. Roller bar, you can achieve any curvature of the cylindrical surface, for example, concave (Fig. 1) or convex (Fig. 2). The fastening force, for example, with screws 5 and nuts 6, ensures that the plate 4 is fully pressed against the rollers 3. The primer works by sliding its working finishing plate over the workpiece when there is a liquid abrasive between them. The law of mutual movement of the priter and the details is determined by the shape of the lapping surface of the priter. 06 processing is carried out on special machines that provide the necessary movement of the part on the lap, or vice versa. The ground fixing on the machine is made on its base plate. The technical and economic effect from the implementation of the invention is evident when comparing the proposed design with known priping. The latter are characterized by a large laboriousness of manufacturing, low accuracy and short life of use. The large amount of manual work in making priter makes it difficult to use solid materials. And in the manufacture of cylindrical lapping large radius completely eliminates them. The use of soft materials leads to rapid wear of the marginal zone of the lap and its release. Practically, after processing 2-3 details of accuracy, the surface of the lap is beyond the tolerance. The implementation of the invention will eliminate the most time-consuming part of the technological cycle for the production of priter, manual labor, and completely mechanize its production. This greatly increases the accuracy of the working surface, which is determined by the accuracy of the rollers. When the finishing plate is triggered, it is easily restored by simple grinding or replacement. All these advantages do not depend on the hardness of the material of the working surface of the lap and its accuracy. Invention Pripir made in the form of a base plate with an installed submerge plate installed on it, characterized in that, in order to reduce the laboriousness of manufacturing the lap and increase its accuracy, prismatic grooves are made on the base plate and equipped with cylindrical rollers of variable diameter, which are installed in prismatic grooves , and finishing plate installed on these rollers with the possibility of contact with each of them. Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. N. Katchalov. Basics of grinding and polishing glass. NSSSR, M.-L., p. 192.

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