SU888285A1

SU888285A1 - Three-phase winding of ac electric machines

Info

Publication number: SU888285A1
Application number: SU802880263A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Вячеслав Данилович Лущик
Original assignee: Стахановский Филиал Коммунарского Горно-Металлургического Института
Priority date: 1980-02-08
Filing date: 1980-02-08
Publication date: 1981-12-07

Description

Изобретение относится к области электротехники, а именно, к совмещенным обмоткам машин переменного тока, и может быть использовано в одномашинных преобразователях частоты, в роторных обмотках синхронных и асинхронных каскадных машин и машин двойного питания.The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely, to combined windings of alternating current machines, and can be used in single-machine frequency converters, in rotor windings of synchronous and asynchronous cascade machines and dual-power machines.

Известна совмещенная обмотка электрической машины, которая содержит в каждой фазе концентрические катушечные группы числом , занимающие зонуKnown combined winding of an electric machine, which contains in each phase concentric coil groups number occupying the zone

2 в пределах от -^ТГ до 77 £1J .2 ranging from - ^ TG to 77 £ 1J.

Недостатком такой обмотки является ограниченная область применения, вызванная тем, что обмотка создает магнитные поля с отношением чисел пар полюсов Р_а/Р_п = 2. Применяя эту обмотку в асинхронном преобразователе частоты, возможно получить частоту 150 Гц.The disadvantage of such a winding is its limited scope, due to the fact that the winding creates magnetic fields with the ratio of the pole pair numbers P _a / P _p = 2. Using this winding in an asynchronous frequency converter, it is possible to obtain a frequency of 150 Hz.

Известна трехфазная обмотка электрических машин переменного тока, с отношением чисел пар полюсов P-i/Pa. = 5, одностопная, выполненная из одинаковых пространственно сдвинутых 2р_г* пг\ катушечных групп, каждая из которых занимает 2 < соседних пазов и выполнена из концентрических катушек, катушечные группы в фазах сдвинуты на □7 радиан и включены встречно, причем средняя катушка группы имеет вдвое большее число витков по сравнению с остальными катушками группы [2J . Недостатком этой обмотки, помимо ограниченной области применения, является плохое использование меди из-за низких обмоточных коэффициентов: W °>^{793 и} М.Г °’²⁵⁷·Known three-phase winding of electrical AC machines, with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles Pi / Pa. = 5, single-foot, made of the same spatially shifted 2p _g * ng \ coil groups, each of which occupies 2 <adjacent grooves and is made of concentric coils, the coil groups in phases are shifted by □ 7 radians and are turned on, and the middle coil of the group has twice as many turns in comparison with other coils of the group [2J. The disadvantage of this winding, in addition to the limited scope, is the poor use of copper due to low winding coefficients: W °> ^{793 and} M.G ° ' ²⁵⁷ ·

Цель изобретения - расширение области применения и улучшение использования меди.The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope and improvement of the use of copper.

Цель достигается тем, что в обмотке с числами пар полюсов р^ и р^ фазы содержат каждая Зр катушечные группы, все катушки имеют одинаковый шаг, равный радиан; катушечные группы первой фазы, имеющие порядковый номер + -г- (р ” 1) , включены согласно с · ^п катушечными группами, имеющими номер 1+6R+ - I), и встречно с катушечны ^₽Ί 5 ми группами, имеющими номер 1+15К+ ⁺ (5^^Р-Г^ . катушечные группы второй фазы, имеющие порядковый номер I + lOk+^-(P1. ik включены встречно с катушечными группами, имеющими номер Ι+Κ+^Ρ,- ΐ) , и согласно с катушечными группами, имеющими номер I + 20К +^-(Р1- ΐ) ♦ катушечные группы третьей фазы,¹ имеющие порядковый номер Ι+201+(у (Ρ,-ί}, включены Встречно с катугтечнкми группами, имеющими номер 1 + 1 lk+^(P- ΐ), и согласно с катушечными группами, имеющими но-< мер l+5k + (Р4-1) ; катушечные группы 1 + 1 1(2 + ^(.Р<1)и 1+20К+^-(Р₁й)' имеют по ^л' --------- - ------нйе все катушек; ЭД- 4,The goal is achieved by the fact that in the winding with the numbers of pairs of poles p ^ and p ^ phases each sp contains coil groups, all coils have the same pitch, equal to the radian; coil groups of the first phase, having serial number + -r- (p ”1), are included in accordance with · ⁿ coil groups having the number 1 + 6R + - I), and counter to coil coil ^Ί 5 mi groups, having the number 1 + 15K + ⁺ (5 ^ ^Р -Г ^. Second-phase coil groups having the sequence number I + lOk + ^ - (P1. Ik are included in the opposite direction with the coil groups having the number Ι + Κ + ^ Ρ, - ΐ), and according to the coil groups with number I + 20K + ^ - (P1- ΐ) ♦ third-phase coil groups ¹ with serial number Ι + 201 + (y (Ρ, -ί} included) Counter with Katugtech groups with number 1 + 1 lk + ^ (P- ΐ), and with openly with the coil groups having HO- <measures l + 5k + (R4-1) coil group 1 + 1 1 (2 + ^ ( P <1), and 1 + 20K + ^ - (R ₁ d) 'have. on ^l '--------- - ------ nye all the coils; ED-4,

24р<24p <

У. катушек в группе, осталькатушечные группы - по 2¼ при этом 2 - число пазов, ΐ - целые числа от 1 до ,U. coils in the group, the rest of the reel groups - 2¼ each, while 2 - the number of grooves, ΐ - integers from 1 to,

На фиг. 1 показана схема обмотки с 2ρ_ή =. 2, 2р_г= 8, выполненная на 1 = « 24 пазах; на фиг. 2 - н.с. обмотки для момента времени i =0; на фиг.З разложение н.с. фиг. 2 на две гармоники;, на фиг. 4 изображено н.с. обмотки для момента времени t = — радиан; на фиг. 5 - разложение н?с. фиг. 4 на две гармоники.In FIG. 1 shows a winding circuit with 2ρ _ή =. 2, 2p _g = 8, made on 1 = "24 grooves; in FIG. 2 - N.S. windings for time i = 0; Fig. 3 decomposition n.s. FIG. 2 to two harmonics;, in FIG. 4 depicts n.s. windings for time t = - radians; in FIG. 5 - decomposition n? S. FIG. 4 into two harmonics.

Трехфазная обмотка с отношением чисел пар полюсов PqJP^» 4 (фиг.1) состоит из соединяемых в звезду фазных обмоток, каждая из которых содержит Зр^ катушечные группы с одинаковым числом витков в катушках. Все катушки имеют шаг, равный 2Ж/Ъ радиан в 2р^-полюсном поле.A three-phase winding with the ratio of the number of pairs of poles PqJP ^ 4 ”(FIG. 1) consists of phase windings connected to a star, each of which contains 3p ^ coil groups with the same number of turns in the coils. All coils have a pitch equal to 2J / b radians in a 2p ^ pole field.

Число пазов, в которых может быть уложена предлагаемая обмотка, определяется по формулеThe number of grooves in which the proposed winding can be laid is determined by the formula

2-24-^‘П, где η - любое целое число.2-24 - ^ ‘П, where η is any integer.

Номер катушечной группы определяется номером паза, в жена первая активная катушки группы.The number of the coil group is determined by the number of the groove; the wife is the first active coil of the group.

Катушечная группа порядковый номер 1, : но с катушечной группой, имеющей номер 1+бКи встречно с катушечной группой, имеющей номер 1+15к, где котором сторона р асполо· первой имеющая соглас. фазы А, включена to ts >0 $5The reel group is serial number 1, but with the reel group having the number 1 + bKi counter to the reel group having the number 1 + 15k, where the side p aspolo is the first to agree. phase A, turned on to ts> 0 $ 5

24р.24 RUR

Катушечная группа фазы С, имеющая порядковый номер 1 + 1 Ок, включена встречно с катушечной группой, имеющей номер 1+к, и согласно с катушечной группой, имеющей’номер 1+20к.The coil group of phase C, having a serial number of 1 + 1 OK, is connected counter to the coil group having a number of 1 + k, and in accordance with the coil group having a number of 1 + 20k.

Катушечная группа фазы В, имеющая порядковый номер 1+20к включена встречно с катушечной группой, имеющей номер 1 + 1 Ik и согласно с катушечной группой, имеющей номер 1+5к.The coil group of phase B, having a serial number of 1 + 20k, is included in the opposite direction with the coil group having a number of 1 + 1 Ik and in accordance with the coil group having a number of 1 + 5k.

Катушечные группы фазы В 1+11к и фазы С 1+20 к имеют по к катушек в группе (т.е. по одной катушке на фиг. 1) ; остальные все катушечные группы имеют по 2к катушек (по две катушки на фиг. 1)~.The coil groups of phases B 1 + 11k and phases C 1 + 20k have each of the coils in the group (i.e., one coil in Fig. 1); the rest of all coil groups have 2k coils (two coils in Fig. 1) ~.

При Р_и> 1 дополнительно к указанным катушечным группам добавляется P.-Ι аналогичных таким же образом включенных катушечных групп, номера которых определяются посредством прибавления к номеру каждой катупечной группы числа Ξ. , где -i - целые числа от 1 до Р. .At P _and > 1, in addition to the indicated coil groups, P.-Ι of the same-connected coil groups are added in addition to the indicated coil groups, whose numbers are determined by adding the number Ξ to the number of each coil group. , where -i are integers from 1 to R.

Обмоточные коэффициенты обмотки для 2р.- полюсного поля (2р_л = 2)Kofy= = 0,958, для Ярд-полюсного-поля (2р^= =8) kog·.^ I. Амплитудное значение 2р_и-полюсного поля, созданного обмоткой, в четыре раза больше амплитудного значения 2р(£-полюсного поля. Векторы ЭДС для всех трех фаз как от 2рполюсного поля, так и от 2ро~полюсного поля одинаковы И симметрично расположены .Winding winding coefficients for a 2p-pole field (2p _l = 2) Kofy = 0.958, for a Yard-pole field (2p ^ = 8) kog ·. ^ I. The amplitude value of the 2p _and -pole field created by the winding, four times the amplitude value of the 2p (--pole field. EMF vectors for all three phases from both the 2-pole field and the 2po-pole field are the same and symmetrically located.

На фиг. 2 показана н.с. обмотки, изображенной на фиг. 1, для момента времени t = 0, когда ток в фазе А максимальный положительный, т.е. течет от начала фазы к концу, а токи в фазах В и С - половинной амплитуды отрицательные. Ординаты кривой н.с. пропорциональны числам витков катушек . и величинам токов. На фиг. 3 показано разложение результирующей н.с. фиг.2 на две гармоники: первую и четвертую. На фиг. 4 изображена н.с. обмотки для мойента времени i = | радиан, когда ток в фазе В максимальный отрицательный, а токи в фазах А и С половинной фиг. 5 рующей первую фиг. 4 первая сместились в противоположные стороны амплитуды положительные. На показано разложение результин.с. фиг. 4 на две гармоники: и четвертую. Из сравнения и 2 видно, что за время i =JF/S . и четвертая гармонические н.с.In FIG. 2 shows N.S. the winding shown in FIG. 1, for time t = 0, when the current in phase A is maximum positive, i.e. flows from the beginning of the phase to the end, and the currents in phases B and C of half amplitude are negative. The ordinates of the curve N.S. proportional to the number of turns of the coils. and current values. In FIG. 3 shows the decomposition of the resulting n.s. figure 2 into two harmonics: the first and fourth. In FIG. 4 shows N.S. windings for time i = | radian, when the current in phase B is maximum negative, and the currents in phases A and C of half of FIG. 5 of the first FIG. 4 first shifted in opposite directions positive amplitudes. The decomposition of resultant s is shown. FIG. 4 into two harmonics: and a fourth. From comparison and 2 it can be seen that for the time i = JF / S. and fourth harmonic n.s.

относительно первоначального положения на расстоянии, равные ~ радиан.relative to the initial position at a distance equal to ~ radian.

Следовательно, при подключении трехфазного напряжения к зажимам А, В, С обмотка создает магнитные поля j с числами полюсов 2р_л и 2р^, вращающиеся в противоположные сторошя.Therefore, when a three-phase voltage is connected to terminals A, B, C, the winding creates magnetic fields j with the number of poles 2p _l and 2p ^, rotating in opposite icing.

Обмотку можно применить в качестве статорной обмотки асинхронного преобразователя частоты на 250 Гц, а *® также, при замыкании зажимов А, В, С .накоротко, в качестве роторной обмотки синхронных и асинхронных каскадных машин и машин двойного питания. При создании в таких машинах с помощью *5 статорной обмотки 2р^-полюсного поля в рассматриваемой роторной обмотке наведется ЭДС,под воздействием которой по обмотке потечет ток, создающий вращающиеся в противоположные сто- 20 роны 2р_л-полюсное и 2р^-полюсное поля .The winding can be used as a stator winding of an asynchronous frequency converter at 250 Hz, and * ® also, when the terminals A, B, C are short-circuited, as a rotor winding of synchronous and asynchronous cascade machines and dual-power machines. When creating in such machines by means of the stator winding 5 * 2pj -polyusnogo field in consideration of the rotor winding EMF hover under the influence of which the winding current flows, creating rotating in opposite hundred- 20 _l -polyusnoe Rhone 2p and 2p ^ -polyusnoe field.

Совмещенная обмотка заменяет две трехфазные обмотки с 2р_ли 2р^ числами полюсов, где отношение чисел пар 25 полюсов PjJP>i= 4. При этом уменьшается расход медного провода на одну треть, упрощается изготовление и увеличивается надежность машины.The combined winding replaces two three-phase windings with 2p _l and 2p ^ pole numbers, where the ratio of the pairs of 25 poles is PjJP> i = 4. This reduces the consumption of copper wire by one third, simplifies manufacturing and increases machine reliability.

Claims

(54 THREE-PHASE WELDING ELECTRIC 11A111IN TRANSFER CURRENT the winding of an electric machine, which contains in each phase concentric coil groups of the number P, occupying the zone 1 9 in the range from -yrH to v-IT flj. The disadvantage of this winding is limited and the field of application caused by the fact that the winding creates magnetic fields with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs 2. Using this winding in an asynchronous frequency converter, it is possible to obtain a frequency of 150 Hz. A three-phase winding of AC electric machines is known with the ratio of the numbers of pole pairs PI / PS.5, single-post, made of identical spatially shifted 2p-m coil groups, each of which occupies Z / adjacent grooves and is made of concentric coils, the coil groups in phases are shifted by Jf radians and included Of course, the middle coil of the group has twice the number of turns compared with the other coils of group 2J. The disadvantage of this winding, in addition to the limited field of application, is the poor use of copper due to low winding factors:% .- "about 0.793 and Kp5.2 0.257. The purpose of the invention is to expand the scope and improve the use of copper. The goal is achieved by the fact that in the winding with the numbers of pairs of poles, the p and p phases contain each 3p coil groups, all coils have the same pitch, equal radians; coil groups of the first phase, having the order number t (p. included in accordance with coil groups having the number l + 0k-f-g- (p -), and opposite to the coil groups, having the number 1 + 15X + t :( p-i coil groups of the second phase, having a sequence number of + 10K + p- (P ,, JK are included opposite to the coil groups having the number), and in accordance with the coil groups having the number 1 + 20K. + (); of the third phase, having the order number l + 20i. + (included oppositely with the coil units, the number l-UDt + CR, -i), and in accordance with the coil groups having the ep l + 5lt + (O; coil groups 1 + + (. Р, Ч) and И-20К + | CP -i) have 1 (. coils in the group, the rest of all coil groups - 21 coils; 2 - number of grooves, fij / R, "4, 1 - integers from 1 to p, ip, Fig. I shows a winding circuit with 2p 2, 2p.j 8, made on Z 24 slots; Fig. 2 - n The winding for the time t 0 is shown in Fig. 3, the decomposition of the NS of Fig. 2 into two harmonics, and Fig. A shows the I.C. Obi ramotiki for momeite time Dian; on . 5 - decomposed ns FIG. 4 for two harmonics. The three-phase winding with the ratio of the numbers of pairs of poles 4 (Fig. 1) consists of phase windings connected in a star, each of which contains Rs coil groups with the same number of turns in the coils. All coils have a step equal to the radian in a 2p-pole field. The number of slots in which a pr can be laid, the winding can be determined, is determined by the formula 2 24, where n is any integer. The number of the coil group is determined by the number of the groove in which the first active side of the first coil of the group is located. The coil group of phase L, the order number 1, is included according to the coil group having the number Nbc and counter to the katzhechnoy group, number 1 + 15K, where 5 jt The coil group of phase C, having the sequence number 1 + 1 Ok. , included in the opposite direction with the coil group having the number 1 + X, and in accordance with the coil group having the number 1 + 201. The coil group of phase B, having the sequence number 1 + 20, is included in opposite with the coil group having the number 1 + 111 (and in accordance with the coil group having the number 1 + 5x. The coil groups of phase B 1 + 11 and phase C 1 + 2011 have 1c coils per group (i.e., one coil in FIG. 1); the remaining all coil groups each have 21 (coils (two coils in fig. U%) At p 1, in addition to the indicated coil groups, the same image of the coil groups, the numbers of which are determined by adding to the number of each groups of numbers (), where -i are integers from 1 to P. Winding winding coefficients for 2p, - pole field (2p 2} f, o 0.958, for 2p "-polar-field (2p | 8) koj.f The amplitude value of the 2p-pole field created by the winding is four times the amplitude value of 2p (-polar field. The EMF vectors for all three phases from both the 2polar FIELD and the 2p | -polar field are the same and symmetrically arranged. In Fig. 2 shown ns winding, shown in FIG. I, for the time t 0, when the current in phase A is maximum positive, i.e. It flows from the beginning of the phase to the end, and the currents in phases B and C are half amplitude negative. The ordinates of the curve ns proportional to the number of turns of the coils and the magnitudes of the currents. FIG. 3 shows the decomposition of the resulting n. 2 two harmonics: the first and fourth. FIG. 4 shows n. the winding is -t radian for the time-time circuit, when the current in phase B is maximum negative, and the currents in phases A and C are half-amplitude positive. FIG. 5 shows the decomposition of the resulting n. FIG. 4 for two harmonics: the first and fourth. From the comparison of FIG. 4 and 2, it can be seen that during i jr / S, the first and fourth harmonic and. shifted in opposite directions relative to the initial position at a distance equal to - radians. Consequently, when three-phase voltage is connected to terminals A, B, C, the winding creates magnetic fields with pole numbers 2p and 2p, rotating in opposite directions. The winding can be used as a stator winding of an asynchronous frequency generator at 250 Hz, as well as when closing the terminals A, B, C, briefly, as the rotor winding of synchronous and asynchronous cascade machines and dual power mapping. When creating such machines with the help of a stator winding, a 2 p-pole floor in the rotor winding under consideration will cause an emf, under the influence of which a current will flow through the coil, creating a 2p-polar and 2rd-polar pole. The combined winding replaces two three-phase windings with 2p-pole numbers, where the ratio of pole pairs A reduces the consumption of copper wire by one-third, simplifies manufacture and increases machine reliability. Three-phase winding of electric machines of alternating current with the number of pole pairs p and, for example, for one machine frequency converters and synchronous cascade machines, characterized in that, in order to expand the field of application by obtaining the numbers of pairs of poles and improving the use of copper, phase 5 ; each of them contains coil groups of coils with the same pitch equal to IT / a rad .; the first phase phase groups with the sequence number -T, (Pi. are included in accordance with the coil groups, having the number 1 + (+ (), and counter with the coil rpVnnaMH having the number 1 + (d,); coil groups of the second f " Imecie porzdkovy number I + 10K + + - () are included in opposite with coil groups that have the number + 1c + - (, and according to the skullcap groups having the number l -20k. P, i coil number 1e of the third phase number 1 + 201c + (P-1-i) include counter with coil groups, have 1SH {| wn number (P., - i), and in accordance with coil groups that have and number 1 + 51 (. + |; (PH) the coil groups 1 + llltt I + 20K- - (P -, - i) have po) tk coils in the group, the rest are all carcasses - 2 V. coils, grooves 2. - multiple of 24r, where the numbers are from 1 to P, x aTrG Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. Author's certificate of the USSR in application R 2635617 / 24-07, c. H 02 K 3/28 22.06.78.

2. USSR author's certificate in application R 2457931 / 24-07, cl. H 02 C 3/28, as of 01/03/1978, by which a decision was made to issue an author's certificate.

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