SU880386A1 - Composition for sunflower desiccation - Google Patents

Description

(54) COMPOSITION FOR DESIGNING OF A SUNFLOWER The invention relates to chemicals used in agriculture as desiccants to facilitate the mechanized processing of sunflower. A known composition for the desiccation of cotton, containing preparations of the dipyridyl group, for example, reglon 1. However, desiccation of sunflower with buckthorn does not ensure the compression of the culture baskets, which leads to an increase in losses by oil m, i.e. to a decrease in yield. In addition, the high toxicity of the drugs of the dipyri dili group poses the threat of poisoning of people working during desiccation and accumulation of toxic residues in sunflower baskets. 1 Also known is a composition for desiccating sunflower, containing magnesium chlorate and water, C23. However, the desiccation activity of this composition is insufficient. So the duration of drying is 10-15 days. High doses of magnesium chlorate lead to an accumulation of toxic substances and a decrease in the oil content in the seeds. turn leads to a decrease in plant yield. The aim of the invention is to enhance the desiccation activity of the composition. The goal is achieved by the fact that the composition, for desiccating the sunflower -. The nickname, including magnesium chlorate and water, additionally contains urea, in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Magnesium chlorate 8-10 Urea 20-30 Water Else The use of urea leads to an increase in the oil content in the seeds. sunflower, increase yields by reducing losses of oilseeds n. Urea, in addition, activates the action of the desiccant, since it binds the heavy metals entering the chlorophyll molecule and thereby inactivates it. Suppressing the formation of chlorophyll at growth points stops the growth processes in plants, inhibits catalysis activity and enhances the enzymatic activity of peroxidase. After treatment of plants with urea, tissue respiration is drastically reduced. it

leads to increased drying effect. Reducing the dose of magnesium chlorate by half reduces the amount of expensive and scarce desiccant and leads to a decrease in the accumulation of toxic desiccant in sunflower baskets. Example 1. To prepare the composition for desiccation, three weights of magnesium chlorate (Examples 1, 2 and 3 of Table 1) are weighed and dissolved in water, while thoroughly mixing the solution in order to achieve the effect of complete dissolution. Then, appropriate urea weights are added to the magnesium chlorate solution and water is added to a volume of 100 liters. In all experiments, water without sand and silt impurities was used to avoid clogging of the sprayers. Separately, for comparison, urea and magnesium chlorate are tested. The mixture using a motor pump is charged into ground or air transport. J Usually spraying of crops of sunflower with desiccants is carried out with AN-2 aircraft or helicopters.

Studies show that after 6–10 days after treatment with desiccant, the moisture content of the seeds decreases from 25–33% to 10–12% (see Table 1), which allows the sunflower to be harvested on. 12-13 days ahead of time and makes it possible to use 5 transport and cleaning means evenly.

In tab. Figure 1 shows the effect of desiccants on the moisture content of sunflower seeds.

Table 1

Magnesium chlorate - 8 kg t urea 20 kg

Magnesium chlorate - 9 kg + urea 25 kg

Magnesium Chlorate - 10 kg. urea 30 kg

Control (crops without desiccation)

As a rule, the browning of leaves begins on the second day, which confirms a large desiccation; the ability of the proposed mixture. As can be seen from Table 1, the moisture content of sunflower seeds after days of desiccation in the variant with magnesium chlorate is reduced by 12-13%, but the mixture of magnesium chlorate and urea is more effective, as a result of using this mixture the humidity decreases by 14-15% compared to control. In addition, the accelerated drying of sunflower baskets leads to some compression, a decrease in diameter. This provides. tight fit of the seeds for

10.9

14.2

10.8

14.3

10.9S

14,15

25.1

a long time, which contributes to a significant reduction in loss of seeds from falling. Thus, according to the test data (see Table 2), the reduction in oil sludge loss averages 1.8-1.4 c / ha compared with the use of pure magnesium chlorate. Due to the simultaneous full ripening of sunflower after descations, the presence in the heap of a highly moistened leaf-stable mass and parts of the baskets is completely eliminated. All this dramatically improves the conditions for harvesting by a combine by 22-31%.

Claims (2)

In tab. 2 shows the effect of desiccants on the yield of sunflower. So, for 10 hours of operation, the combine harvests 24 ha, and on the control 17, 4 ha. When using a mixture of magnesium chlorate in combination with urea, the possibility of harmful accumulation of toxic amounts of magnesium chlorate in sunflower baskets is significantly reduced, and the possibility of their direct use as fodder for cattle opens. Composition for desiccating sunflower containing magnesium chlorate and Table 2 water. Characterized by the fact that, in order to enhance desiccation activity, it additionally contains. urea, with the following ratio of components, wt.% Magnesium chlorate 8-10 Urea 20-30 Water Else Sources of information taken into account during the examination 1. VU materials by the International Conference on Sunflower. M., 1978, 325-327, 78-38702. 2. Stanov LD Defoliants and desiccants. M., Himi, V. 973, p. 38, 53 (prototype).