SU879572A1

SU879572A1 - Dc voltage stabilizer

Info

Publication number: SU879572A1
Application number: SU792823632A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Сулейман Владимирович Левинзон; Соломон Аронович Керцман; Борис Исакович Чемерисов
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я В-8835
Priority date: 1979-10-03
Filing date: 1979-10-03
Publication date: 1981-11-07

Description

Изобретение относится к электротехнике, в частности к источникам электропитания, и может быть использовано для питания радиоэлектронной аппаратуры.The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to power sources, and can be used to power electronic equipment.

Известен стабилизатор постоянного напряжения, содержащий регулирующий элемент с узлом обратной связи, узел защиты от перегрузок, состоящий из первого транзистора защиты, включен- ¹⁰ного последовательно с регулирующим элементом, второго транзистора защиты, включенного между базой первого транзистора защиты и общим выводом стабилизатора, узел контроля перегрузки, ’ ¹⁵выход которого соединен с базой второго транзистора защиты [1].Known DC voltage stabilizer comprising a regulating member with a feedback node overload protection, consisting of a first protection transistor node vklyuchen- Foot ¹⁰ in series with a regulating element, a second protection transistor connected between the base of the first transistor and the common protection stabilizer terminal, the control part overload ^'15 the output of which is connected to the base of the second transistor protection [1].

Недостатком его являются низкая помехозащищенность защиты при импульсном характере нагрузки. ²⁰ Its disadvantage is the low noise immunity of the protection with the pulsed nature of the load. ²⁰

Наиболее близким по технической сущности к изобретению является стабилизатор постоянного напряжения,со2 держащий последовательно включенный в силовую шину регулирующий элемент, управляющей цепью соединенный с узлом обратной связи, первый транзистор защиты, включенный последовательно в силовую шину коллектором к регулирующему элементу, второй транзистор защиты, подключенный коллектором к базе первого транзистора защиты через последовательно соединенные стабилитрон и резистор, эмиттером - к общей шине, а базой - соответственно к эмиттеру первого транзистора защиты через резистор и к общей шине через светоприемник оптрона, первый вывод светоизлучателя которого подключен к входному выводу, и узел контроля перегрузки [2 3.The closest in technical essence to the invention is a DC voltage stabilizer, co2 containing a regulating element sequentially connected to the power bus, a control circuit connected to the feedback node, the first protection transistor connected in series to the power element by the collector to the regulating element, the second protection transistor connected to the collector to the base of the first protection transistor through a zener diode and a resistor connected in series, the emitter to the common bus, and the base to the emitter, respectively Yeru first protection transistor through a resistor and to ground through a photocoupler light receiver, a first terminal of the light emitter of which is connected to the input terminal, and congestion control node [2 March.

Недостатками его являются отсутствие дублирования зашиты при выходе из строя первого транзистора защиты и большой разброс порога срабатывания узла контроля перегрузки.Its disadvantages are the lack of duplication of protection when the first protection transistor fails and a large spread of the response threshold of the overload control unit.

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Цель изобретения - повышение надежности срабатывания защиты от токовых перегрузок.The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of operation of protection against current overloads.

Цель достигается тем, что в стабилизатор постоянного напряжения (2Д j введены первый и второй тиристоры, а узел контроля перегрузки выполнен на датчике тока и третьем транзисторе защиты, при этом анод и катод первого тиристора подключены соответственно ю к выходному выводу и общей шине, катод и анод Второго тиристора включены между управляющим электродом первого тиристора и вторым выводом светоизлучателя оптрона, эмиттер первого тран- и зистора защиты подключен.к входному выводу через датчик тока, параллельно которому подключены база и эмиттер третьего транзистора защиты, коллектор которого соединен с управляющим элект- jq родом второго тиристора.The goal is achieved in that the first and second thyristors are introduced into the DC voltage stabilizer (2D j, and the overload control unit is made on the current sensor and the third protection transistor, while the anode and cathode of the first thyristor are connected respectively to the output terminal and the common bus, cathode and the anode of the second thyristor is connected between the control electrode of the first thyristor and the second output of the light emitter of the optocoupler, the emitter of the first transistor and protection resistor is connected to the input terminal through a current sensor, in parallel with which the base and Itter third protection transistor, whose collector is connected to the control electron jq genus second thyristor.

На чертеже изображена принципиальная электрическая схема стабилизатора напряжения.The drawing shows a circuit diagram of a voltage stabilizer.

Он содержит регулирующий элемент 1 jj с узлом 2 обратной связи, первый транзистор защиты 3, включенный последовательно с регулирующим элементом 1, вто рой транзистор защиты 4, соединенный коллектором с базой транзистора 3 до через стабилитрон 5 и резистор 6,базой с эмиттером транзистора 3 через резистор и с общим выводом стабилизатора и эмиттером транзистора 4 через фотоприемник 7 оптрона 8, первый вывод светоизлучателя 9 которого соединен с эмиттером транзистора 3 через · резистор, а второй вывод - с управляющим электродом первого тиристора защиты 10 через анод-катод второго тиристора защиты 11. Анод-катод тиристора 10 включены между выходным и общим выводами стабилизатора, а управляющий переход тиристора 11 соединен с коллектором третьего транзистора защиты 12 узла контроля перегрузки.It contains a regulating element 1 jj with feedback node 2, a first protection transistor 3 connected in series with a regulating element 1, a second protection transistor 4 connected by a collector to the base of transistor 3 through a zener diode 5 and resistor 6, and a base with an emitter of transistor 3 through resistor and with the common output of the stabilizer and emitter of transistor 4 through a photodetector 7 of optocoupler 8, the first output of the light emitter 9 of which is connected to the emitter of transistor 3 through a resistor, and the second output to the control electrode of the first thyristor s 10 through the anode-cathode of the second thyristor protection 11. The anode-cathode of thyristor 10 connected between the output and common terminals of the stabilizer and transition control thyristor 11 is connected to the collector of the third transistor 12 protection overload control node.

База и эмиттер транзистора 12 подключены параллельно датчику тока нагрузки на резисторе 13, который включен между эмиттером транзистора 3 и входным выводом стабилизатора. 5® . Для обеспечения защиты от перенапряжения на входе стабилизатора может быть использован динистор 14 или 15, включенный между управляющим <. S9 электродом тиристора 11 и эмиттером транзистора 3 или транзистора 12. Кроме того, динистор 16 может быть вклю чен между базой транзистора 12 и общим выводом стабилизатора.The base and emitter of the transistor 12 are connected in parallel to the load current sensor on the resistor 13, which is connected between the emitter of the transistor 3 and the input output of the stabilizer. 5®. To provide overvoltage protection at the input of the stabilizer, a dynistor 14 or 15 connected between the control <can be used. S9 with an electrode of thyristor 11 and emitter of transistor 3 or transistor 12. In addition, dynistor 16 can be switched on between the base of transistor 12 and the common output of the stabilizer.

Для защиты от перенапряжения на выходе стабилизатора в узел контроля может быть введена схема 17 контроля на транзисторе 18, коллектором соединенном с базой транзистора 12,To protect against overvoltage at the output of the stabilizer, a control circuit 17 on the transistor 18 connected to the base of the transistor 12 can be introduced into the control unit,

Для защиты стабилизатора от температурных перегрузок в него могут быть введены температурные датчики с термоконтактами 19 и 20, включенные между эмиттером транзистора 3 и управляющим электродом тиристора 11. Датчики с термоконтактами 21 могут включаться также и между базой транзистора 12 и общим выводом стабилизатора.To protect the stabilizer from temperature overloads, temperature sensors with thermal contacts 19 and 20, connected between the emitter of transistor 3 and the control electrode of thyristor 11, can be introduced into it. Sensors with thermal contacts 21 can also be connected between the base of transistor 12 and the common output of the stabilizer.

Для отключения стабилизатора от источника питания при выходе из строяг транзистора защиты 3 и наличии перегрузки в одну из входных шин стабилизатора может быть введен предохранитель 22.To disconnect the stabilizer from the power source when exiting the bridges of the protection transistor 3 and if there is an overload, a fuse 22 can be introduced into one of the input buses of the stabilizer.

Стабилизатор напряжения работает следующим образом.The voltage stabilizer operates as follows.

При включении стабилизатора и достижении напряжения на входе минимального значения открывается транзистор защиты 3 (ток базы его протекает через стабилитрон 5, резистор 6 и открытый транзистор 4)и стабилизатор выполняет свои основные функции.При этом транзистор 12 закрыт (напряжение на резисторе 13 меньше входного порогового напряжения этого транзистора в рабочем режиме при любом установленном токе нагрузки). Закрыты также транзистор 18 схемы 17 контроля выходного напряжения, тиристоры 11 и 10, ток через светоиэлучатель 9 не протекает. Не протекает ток также через динистор 14(динистор 15 или 16)и термоконтакты 19,20 или 21.When the stabilizer is turned on and the input voltage reaches its minimum value, the protection transistor 3 opens (the base current flows through the zener diode 5, resistor 6 and open transistor 4) and the stabilizer performs its main functions. In this case, the transistor 12 is closed (the voltage across resistor 13 is less than the input threshold voltage of this transistor in operating mode at any set load current). The transistor 18 of the output voltage control circuit 17 is also closed, thyristors 11 and 10, the current through the light emitter 9 does not flow. No current also flows through dinistor 14 (dinistor 15 or 16) and thermal contacts 19,20 or 21.

Увеличение тока нагрузки приводит к открыванию транзистора I2, включаются тиристоры 11 и 10 (ток управления протекает через эмиттер-коллектор транзистора 12 и ограничительный резистор^ начинает протекать ток через светоиэлучатель 9. До включения фотоприемника 7, который^переводит транзистор 4 в закрытое состояние(напряжение на фотоприемнике становится меньше входного порогового напряжения транзистора 4), открытое состояние транзистора 12 поддерживается включенным тиристором 10. После включения фотоприемника 7 закрывается транзистор 3. При увеличении напряжения на выходе открывается транзистор 18, а также транзистор 12 (ток базы его проходит через/транзистор 18 и рграничительный резистор) включаются тиристоры 11 и 10, светоизлучатель 9, закрывается транзистор 3. Через тиристор 10 про- $ исходит разряд конденсаторов выходного фильтра(и любых других накопителей энергии на выходе), чтобы в процессе перенапряжения его длительность не превышала бы допустимой для элементов 10 нагрузки.An increase in the load current leads to the opening of transistor I2, thyristors 11 and 10 turn on (the control current flows through the emitter-collector of transistor 12 and the limiting resistor ^ starts to flow current through the light emitter 9. Prior to turning on the photodetector 7, which ^ puts the transistor 4 into a closed state (voltage the photodetector becomes smaller than the input threshold voltage of the transistor 4), the open state of the transistor 12 is maintained by the thyristor 10 turned on. After the photodetector 7 is turned on, the transistor 3 closes. When the output voltage increases, transistor 18 opens, as well as transistor 12 (its base current passes through / transistor 18 and a limiting resistor), thyristors 11 and 10, light emitter 9 turn on, transistor 3 closes. Through the thyristor 10, the output filter capacitors discharge ( and any other energy storage devices at the output), so that in the process of overvoltage its duration would not exceed the allowable load for elements 10.

При перенапряжении на входе или открывается транзистор 12 (при включении динистора 16)или ток управления тиристорами протекает непосредствен- 15 но через открытый динистор 14 или динистор 15. Далее, устройство работает аналогично.When an input overvoltage occurs, either the transistor 12 opens (when the dynistor 16 is turned on) or the thyristor control current flows directly 15 but through the open dynistor 14 or dynistor 15. Further, the device works in a similar way.

При температурных перегрузках на тех элементах (или в зонах окружающей среды), где установлены температурные датчики с термоконтактами 19,20 или 21 включаются тиристоры 11 и 10.With temperature overloads on those elements (or in environmental zones) where temperature sensors with thermal contacts 19.20 or 21 are installed, thyristors 11 and 10 are switched on.

При выходе из строя транзистора защиты 3 и включении(при любом возму- и щающем воздействии) тиристора 10 сгорает форсированный предохранитель 22.When the protection transistor 3 fails and the thyristor 10 is turned on (with any disturbing effect), the forced fuse 22 burns out.

Claims

(54) CONSTANT POWER SUPPLY STABILIZER The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to electric power sources, and can be used to power electronic equipment. A DC voltage regulator is known, comprising a regulating element with a feedback unit, an overload protection unit consisting of a first transistor, which is connected in series with the regulating element, a second protection transistor connected between the base of the first protection transistor and the common output of the stabilizer, the overload control node, the output of which is connected to the base of the second transistor of protection of the SPN; its disadvantage is the low noise immunity of the protection under the impulse nature of the load. fl and more closely related to the technical essence of the invention is a DC voltage regulator containing a control element connected in series to a power bus, a control circuit connected to a feedback unit, a first protection transistor connected in series to a control element in a power bus, the second a protection transistor connected by a collector to the base of the first protection transistor through a series-connected zener diode and resistor, an emitter to a common bus, and a base to an emitter, respectively Teru of the first transistor protection through a resistor and to the common bus through the light of the rptron receiver, the first light output of which is connected to the input output, and the overload control unit L2l. The disadvantages of it are the lack of duplication of protection when the first transistor protection leaves the system and the large variation of the threshold of the overload monitoring node. The purpose of the invention is to increase the reliability of the protection against current overloads. The goal is achieved by the fact that the first and second thyristors are inserted into the S2D voltage regulator, and the overload control node is made on the current sensor and the third transistor behind the boards, while the anode and cathode of the first thyristor are connected to the output terminal and the common bus, cathode and the anode of the second thyristor is connected between the control electrode of the first thyristor and the second output of the optocoupler light emitter, the emitter of the first protection transistor is connected to the input terminal through a current sensor, in parallel to which the base and the emitter are connected ter of the third protection transistor, the collector of which is connected to the control electrode of the second thyristor. The drawing shows a circuit diagram of a voltage regulator, It contains a regulating element 1 with a node 2 feedback, the first protection transistor 3, connected in series with the regulating element 1, the protection transistor 4 connected to the base of the transistor 3 through a zener diode 5 and a resistor 6, a baso with an emitter of a transistor 3 through a resistor and with a common output of a stabilizer and an emitter of a transistor 4 through a photodetector 7 of an optocoupler 8, the first output of a light emitter 9 of which is connected to the emitter of a transistor 3 through the resistor, and the second output from the control electrode of the first thyristor of protection 10 through the anode-cathode of the second thyristor of protection I1, the anode-cathode of thyristor 10 are connected between the output and common pins of the stabilizer, and the control that connects the thyristor 11 to the third the protection transistor 12 of the overload control node, Baea and the emitter of the transistor 12 are connected in parallel to the load current sensor on the resistor 13, which is connected between the emitter of the transistor 3 and the input HbW of the stabilizer. . To provide overvoltage protection at the input of the stabilizer, di- nistr 14 or 15 can be used, connected between the control electrode of the thyristor 11 and the emitter of the transistor 3 or transistor 12. In addition, the transistor 16 can be included between the base of the transistor 12 and the common output stabilizer. To protect the overvoltage at the output of the stabilizer, a control circuit 17 on a transistor 18 connected to the base of transistor 12 can be inserted into the control node. To protect the stabilizer from thermal overloads, temperature sensors with thermal contacts 19 and 20 connected between the emitter can be inserted into it the transistor 3 and the control electrode of the thyristor 11; Sensors with thermal contacts 21 can also be connected between the base of the transistor 12 and the common output of the stabilizer. To disconnect the stabilizer from the power source, when the protection transistor 3 leaves the circuit and there is an overload, fuse 22 can be inserted into one of the stabilizer input. The voltage stabilizer works as follows. When the stabilizer is turned on and the input voltage reaches the minimum value, the protection transistor 3 opens (its base current flows through the Zener diode 5, the resistor 6 and the open transistor 4) and the stabilizer performs its basic functions. At the same time, the transistor 12 is closed (the voltage across the resistor 13 less than the input threshold voltage of this transistor in the operating mode at any set load current.The transistor 18 of the output voltage control circuit 17, the thyristors 11 and 10 are also closed, the current through the light emitter 9 does not leak. current also flows through dynistor 14 (dynistor 15 or thermal contacts 19,20 or 21, an increase in current H load leads to the opening of transistor 12, thyristors 11 and 10 are turned on (control current flows through the emitter-collector of transistor 12 and limiting resisTopJ current begins to flow through an optical radiator 9, Before turning on the photodetector 7, which translates the transistor 4 into the closed state (the voltage on the photodetector becomes less than the input threshold voltage of the transistor 4), the open state of the transistor 12 is kept on thyristor 10. After switching on the photodetector 7, transistor 3 closes. When the output voltage increases, transistor 18 opens, as well as transistor 12 (its base current passes through / transistor 18 and the limiting resistor include thyristors 1 and 10, light emitter 9, transistor 3 closes. Through the thyristor 10, the capacitors of the output filter (and any other energy storage devices at the output) are discharged so that during the overvoltage process its duration does not exceed the permissible load for the elements. During an overvoltage at the input, either the transistor 12 (when turning on the distor 16) or the thyristor control current flows directly through the open distor 14 or distor 15, either opens. Then the device operates in the same way. In case of temperature overloads on those elements (or in the environmental zones where the temperature is installed, the sensors with thermal contacts 19, 20 or 21 turn on thyristors 11 and 10. When the protection transistor 3 goes out of service and the thyristor 10 is switched on (for any disturbing influence) DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The invention claims a dc voltage regulator comprising a control circuit connected in series to the power bus, a control circuit connected to the feedback node, the first protection transistor connected Next to the control bus, the second protection transistor connected to the base of the first protection transistor through a series-connected zener diode and a resistor, with the emitter to the common bus, and the base to the emitter of the first transistor respectively through the resistor and to the common bus through the light receiver optocoupler, the first output of the light emitter of which is connected to the input output and overload control node, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of the protection against current pe The first and second thyristors are inserted into it, and the overload monitoring node is made on the current sensor and the third protection transistor, while the anode and cathode of the first thyristor are connected respectively to the output terminal and the common cable I and the anode of the second thyristor are connected between the control electrode of the first the thyristor and the second output of the optocoupler's light emitter, the emitter of the first protection transistor is connected to the input output through a current sensor, in parallel to which the base and the emitter of the third protection traisistor are connected, the collector of which on coupled to the control electrode of the second thyristor. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1, USSR Author's Certificate No. 531142, class Q 05 F 1/58, 1976, 2, USSR Author's Certificate 739503, class. Q 05 P 1/58, 1980,