SU872889A1

SU872889A1 - Safety device

Info

Publication number: SU872889A1
Application number: SU772511757A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Виль Ихилевич Цукерман; Оскар Григорьевич Фромзель; Николай Егорович Ольховский; Анатолий Анатольевич Тычкин
Original assignee: Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт консервной и овощесушильной промышленности
Priority date: 1977-07-18
Filing date: 1977-07-18
Publication date: 1981-10-15

Description

Изобретение относится к предохранительным устройствам для аппаратов, работающих под давлением.The invention relates to safety devices for devices operating under pressure.

Известен клапан с мембранным пре- , дохранительным устройством хлопающего типа, основным элементом которого является хлопающая мембрана [1].A known valve with a membrane pre-, safety device of a popping type, the main element of which is a popping membrane [1].

Недостатком таких устройств является сложность в изготовлении мемб- . _ ран, которые являются одновременно и герметизирующим элементом и датчиком предельно допустимого давления. Кроме того, при контакте с жидкой средой энергия хлопка настолько незначительна, что хлопающая мембрана может не .15 сработать. Поэтому для надежности работы мембраны необходимо наличие, воздушного пространства между собой в аппарате и поверхностью мембраны.The disadvantage of such devices is the difficulty in the manufacture of membranes. _ wounds, which are both a sealing element and a sensor of maximum permissible pressure. In addition, when in contact with a liquid medium, the energy of the cotton is so small that the popping membrane may not .15 work. Therefore, for the reliability of the membrane, the presence of air space between each other in the apparatus and the surface of the membrane is necessary.

Известны устройства, в которых гер-20 метизирующим элементом является мембрана, а датчиком предельно допустимого давления другой элемент, например' разрывной стержень или проволока с калиброванным сечением [2]. 25Devices are known in which the ger-20 metering element is a membrane, and the sensor of the maximum allowable pressure is another element, for example, a bursting rod or wire with a calibrated cross-section [2]. 25

Такое исполнение устройства обладает в ряде случаев преимуществами по сравнению с ранее упомянутыми устройствами, так как разделение функций, которыми в этих устройствах 30 должна обладать мембрана, упрощает изготовление устройств вследствие сокращения работ по доводке мембран на . заданное давление срабатывания.This embodiment of the device has in some cases advantages over the previously mentioned devices, since the separation of functions that the membrane must have in these devices 30 simplifies the manufacture of the devices due to the reduction in the work of finishing the membranes by. set pressure

Однако необходимость крепления разрываемого элемента к мембране накладывает дополнительнительные ограничения на предохранительное устройство. Если при креплении разрываемого элемента в мембране делается,отверстие, то конструкция устройства усложняется, так как требуется ряд дополнительных элементов для герметизации места крепления. При необходимости соединения разрываемого элемента с мембраной при помощи пайки или сварки необходимо подбирать соответствующие материалы, позволяющие осуществлять эти операции и снимать остаточные напряжения. Расположение разрываемого элемента с той стороны мембраны, где выше давление (непременное условие, чтобы разрываемый элемент работал на разрыв) является существенным недостатком, так как в этом случае при защите от повышения давления в аппарате разрываемый элемент находится внутри него и может подвергаться воздействию высоких температур и агрессивных сред, находя ήHowever, the need for fastening the tearable element to the membrane imposes additional restrictions on the safety device. If a hole is made in the membrane when fastening a tearable element, the design of the device is complicated, since a number of additional elements are required to seal the fastening place. If it is necessary to connect the element to be torn with the membrane by soldering or welding, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials that allow these operations and remove residual stresses. The location of the element to be torn on the side of the membrane where the pressure is higher (an indispensable condition for the element to be torn to break) is a significant drawback, since in this case, when the device is protected from increasing pressure, the element to be torn is inside it and can be exposed to high temperatures and aggressive environments, finding ή

щихся в этом аппарате. Так как при температурных колебаниях изменяются предельные напряжения в разрываемом элементе, то давление срабатывания устройства существенно колеблется.living in this unit. Since the temperature stresses change the limiting stresses in the element being torn, the response pressure of the device fluctuates significantly.

'Агрессивные среды, например кислоты, щелочи и т.-п., могут уменьшить прочность разрушаемого элемента,что приводит к преждевременному срабатыванию устройства.'Aggressive environments, such as acids, alkalis, etc., can reduce the strength of the destructible element, which leads to premature operation of the device.

Кроме того, расположение разрываемого элемента с держателями внутри аппарата является нежелательным в некоторых производствах, например, при асептическом консервировании .продуктов с хранением в крупных резервуарах. Предназначенные для хранения продук- 15 тов резервуары проходят санитарную обработку, которая должна гарантиросвать стерильность их внутренних полостей. Если же' разрываемый элемент и детали крепления находятся внутри ап- 20 парата, то для выполнения качественной санитарной обработки требуются дополнительные затраты времени и пара, а также- повышаются требования к качеству изготовления и конструктивному использованию деталей устройства.In addition, the location of the torn element with holders inside the apparatus is undesirable in some industries, for example, during aseptic canning of products stored in large tanks. The tanks intended for storage of products are sanitized, which should guarantee the sterility of their internal cavities. If the “torn element and fasteners are inside the unit 20, then to perform high-quality sanitization, additional time and steam are required, as well as the requirements for workmanship and constructive use of device parts are increased.

Цель изобретения - упрощение конструкции и расширение эксплуатационных возможностей устройства.The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and expand the operational capabilities of the device.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что устройетво снабжено подвижным упором, один конец которого выполнен по форме мембраны и прилегает к ее вогнутой поверхности, а второй конец нагружает разрушаемый элемент.This goal is achieved by the fact that the device is equipped with a movable stop, one end of which is made in the form of a membrane and is adjacent to its concave surface, and the second end loads the destructible element.

Устройство содержит подвижный упор, один конец которого выполнен по форме мембраны и прилегает к ее вогнутой поверхности, а второй жестко связан с помощью держателя с разрывным элементом, выполненным, например, в виде стержня. В упоре выполнены пазы для установки в них ножевых лезвий с возможностью свободного перемещения упора.The device comprises a movable stop, one end of which is made in the form of a membrane and is adjacent to its concave surface, and the second is rigidly connected by means of a holder to a discontinuous element made, for example, in the form of a rod. In the emphasis, grooves are made for installing knife blades in them with the possibility of free movement of the emphasis.

Устройство снабжено неподвижным кронштейном и шарнирно связанной с ним траверсой, другой конец которой подвижно связан с упором,^а разрывной элемент подвижно установлен с помощью держателя между траверсой и кронштейном.The device is equipped with a fixed bracket and a traverse pivotally connected to it, the other end of which is movably connected to the stop, and the discontinuous element is movably mounted using a holder between the traverse and the bracket.

На фиг. 1 приведена схема герметического исполнения,' устройства.In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a hermetic design, 'device.

Защищаемый аппарат снабжен патрубком с фланцем 1, кольцом 2, мембраной 3, прижимным фланцем 4, корпусом 5 с патрубком 6, по крайней мерез одним ножом 7, упором 8, верхним 9 и нижним 10 держателями, разрываемым элементом 11, прокладкой 12 и крышкой 13. Упор 8 имеет паз 14, канал 15 и хвостовик 16.The protected device is equipped with a nozzle with a flange 1, a ring 2, a membrane 3, a clamping flange 4, a housing 5 with a nozzle 6, at least one knife 7, a stop 8, an upper 9 and a lower 10 holders, a tearable element 11, a gasket 12 and a cover 13 . The stop 8 has a groove 14, a channel 15 and a shank 16.

Предлагаемое устройство (фиг. 1) работает следующим образом.The proposed device (Fig. 1) works as follows.

На защищаемом аппарате между фланцами 1 и 4 устанавливается кольцо 2 мембраны 3 и нож, состоящий из одного или нескольких лезвий. К присоединенному к ножу 7 'нижнему держателю 10 крепится разрываемый элемент 11, который пропускается через канал 15 упора 8 и крепится к верхнему держателю 9. При установке упора 8 в его паз входит нож 7. Затем укладывается прокладка 12 и устройство герметизируется крышкой 13. К патрубку 6 присоединяется трубопровод для сброса среды. При нормальном рабочем режиме в защищаемом аппарате мембрана остается неподвижной. Если же давление в аппарате достигает заданного предельного значения, то передаваемое через мембрану 3 на упор 8 и далее на разрываемый элемент 11 усилие разрушает разрываемый элемент 11, при этом происходит быстрое перемещение упора 8 и мембраны 3, которая разрезается ножом 7. Среда из аппарата сбрасывается через патрубок 6. Направление движения упора 8 определяется конфигурацией хвостовика 16, скользящего в крышке 13.On the protected device, between the flanges 1 and 4, a ring 2 of the membrane 3 and a knife consisting of one or more blades are installed. A tear-off element 11 is attached to the lower holder 10 connected to the knife 7 ', which is passed through the channel 15 of the stop 8 and attached to the upper holder 9. When the stop 8 is installed, the knife 7 is inserted in its groove. Then, the gasket 12 is laid and the device is sealed with a cover 13. К a pipe 6 is attached to the pipe to discharge the medium. Under normal operating conditions in the protected device, the membrane remains stationary. If the pressure in the apparatus reaches a predetermined limit value, then the force transmitted through the membrane 3 to the stop 8 and then to the breakable element 11 destroys the breakable element 11, and the stop 8 and the membrane 3 move rapidly, which is cut with a knife 7. The medium is discharged from the apparatus through the pipe 6. The direction of movement of the stop 8 is determined by the configuration of the shank 16, sliding in the cover 13.

Для того, чтобы до срабатывания устройства не произошло смятия мембраны, поверхность упора, контактирующая с мембраной, имеет таиую же конфигурацию, как и мембрана. Упор целесообразно делать облегченным, например из легкого материала, чтобы его вес не оказывал существенного влияния на срабатывание устройства. При необходимости срабатывания устройства при другом давлении устанавливают, соответствующий разрываемый элемент,! прочность и сечение которого расчитаны на заданное давление. При изго40 товлении разрываемого элемента следует использовать материалы, которые не склонны к ползучести над нагруз- кой, близкой к нагрузке срабатывания, т.е. у которых близки пределы проч,, ности и текучести, например каленая ^4,3 стальная проволока. Расположение разрываемого элемента внутри упора делает устройство компактным, что позволяет его легко герметизировать.In order for the membrane to not crumple before the device operates, the abutment surface in contact with the membrane has the same configuration as the membrane. The emphasis is advisable to make lightweight, for example, of light material, so that its weight does not have a significant effect on the operation of the device. If it is necessary to operate the device at a different pressure, the corresponding torn element is established ,! the strength and cross section of which are designed for a given pressure. In the manufacture of a tearable element, materials that are not prone to creep over a load close to the operation load should be used; whose strength and yield strengths are close, for example, ^4.3 red-hot steel wire. The location of the tearing element inside the stop makes the device compact, which makes it easy to seal.

На фиг. 2 изображен вариант пред50 лагаёмого устройства.In FIG. 2 shows a variant of the proposed device.

Данное устройство включает фланец 1, кольцо .2, мембрану 3, прижимной фланец 4, траверсу 17, шарнир 18, нож (или ножи) 7, упор 8, верхний 9 55 и нижний 10 держатели, разрываемый элемент 11, кронштейн 19. Упор 8 имеет паз 20 для траверсы 17, паз 14 длц ножа 7, ось 21.This device includes a flange 1, a ring .2, a membrane 3, a clamping flange 4, a yoke 17, a hinge 18, a knife (or knives) 7, an emphasis 8, an upper 9 55 and a lower 10 holders, a tearable element 11, an arm 19. An emphasis 8 has a groove 20 for the beam 17, a groove 14 dlts knife 7, the axis 21.

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

На аппарате зажимаются фланцами и 4 и кольцом 2 мембрана 3 и ножOn the apparatus are clamped by flanges and 4 and ring 2 membrane 3 and a knife

7. К мембране 3 подводится упор 8, в пазах 14 которого располагается нож 7. Закрепленная на кронштейне <872889 траверса 17 фиксируется осью 21 в пазе 20 упора 8. В свободном сос- 1 тоянии траверса 17 может поворачиваться относительно шарнира 18. При превышении'допустимого значения давления разрываемый элемент разрывается, траверса с упорбм перемещается, позволяя прохлопнуть мембране 3, которая разрезается на ноже 7. При этом среда из аппарата удаляется. В отличие от устройства (фиг.1), данное устройство имеет тр преимущест·' во, что верхний 9 и нижний 10 держатели могут перемещаться по траверсе 17 и кронштейну 19. Это позволяет при наличии разрываемого элемента, рассчитанного на какое-либо одно давление, обеспечивать срабатывание устройства при различных требованиях, т.е. расширяет возможности применения устройства.7. A stop 8 is brought to the membrane 3, in the grooves 14 of which the knife is located 7. The yoke 17 fixed on the bracket <872889 is fixed by the axis 21 in the groove 20 of the stop 8. In the free state of the yoke, the yoke 17 can rotate relative to the hinge 18. If the ' allowable pressure value, the tearing element is torn, the crosshead with uporbm moves, allowing the membrane 3 to slam, which is cut on the knife 7. In this case, the medium is removed from the apparatus. In contrast to the device (Fig. 1), this device has three advantages · ', that the upper 9 and lower 10 holders can move along the traverse 17 and the bracket 19. This allows, in the presence of a tearable element, designed for any one pressure, ensure the operation of the device under various requirements, i.e. expands the possibilities of using the device.

Предлагаемые варианты устройства обладают целым рядом преимуществ по сравнению с известным. Исключаются трудности, связанные с необходимостью жесткого крепления мембраны и разрываемого элемента. Срабатывание устройства практически не зависит от температуры и свойств находящейся в аппарате среды, все элементы устройства находятся вне аппарата. Кроме того, наличие двух взаимодействующих элементов (мембрана - упор) позволяет использовать для изготовления мембран материалы, рацее непригодные для подобных устройств ввиду срабатывания мембран из этих материалов при заниженном по сравнению с требуемым давлений. Например, если при диаметре условного прохода 80 мм использовать в· качестве мембраны полиэтиленовую пленку толщиной 0,2 мм, то она прохлопнет уже при давлении порядка 0,1 кг с/см^. Если же перемещение мембраны ограничить упором, то давление срабатывания, устройства можно увеличить в несколько десятков и даже сотен раз. Это позволяет применять в качестве мембран дешевые материалы, например полимерные, что приводит к удешевлению всего предохранительного устройства. При необходимости сохранения герметичности системы после сра батывания предохранительного устройства целесообразно применять первый вариант, как более компактный.The proposed device options have a number of advantages compared to the known. Difficulties associated with the need for rigid fastening of the membrane and torn element are eliminated. The operation of the device practically does not depend on the temperature and properties of the medium inside the device, all elements of the device are located outside the device. In addition, the presence of two interacting elements (membrane-stop) allows the use of materials for the manufacture of membranes, which are also unsuitable for such devices due to the actuation of membranes from these materials at lower pressure than required. For example, if at a conditional diameter of 80 mm a 0.2 mm thick plastic film is used as a membrane, then it will slam even at a pressure of about 0.1 kg s / cm ^. If the movement of the membrane is limited by the focus, then the response pressure of the device can be increased by several tens or even hundreds of times. This allows the use of cheap materials, such as polymeric ones, as membranes, which leads to the cost reduction of the entire safety device. If it is necessary to maintain the tightness of the system after operating the safety device, it is advisable to use the first option, as a more compact one.

Второй вариант рекомендуется применять в условиях, когда отвод среды 5 после срабатывания безопасен, а также для установки на аппаратуре, где возможна перенастройка на разнре давление.The second option is recommended to be used in conditions where the removal of medium 5 after operation is safe, as well as for installation on equipment where pressure can be reconfigured at different pressure.

Claims

This invention relates to safety devices for pressure vessels. A valve with a membrane safety device of the clapping type is known, the main element of which is the clapping membrane 1. A disadvantage of such devices is the difficulty in manufacturing the membranes, which are both a sealing element and a maximum allowable pressure sensor. In addition, when in contact with a liquid medium, the energy of the cotton is so low that the clapping membrane may not work. Therefore, for the reliability of the membrane requires the presence of air space between them in the apparatus and the surface of the membrane. Devices are known in which the membrane element is the membrane element, and another element, for example, a rupture rod or wire with a calibrated cross section 2J, is the maximum permissible pressure sensor. Such a design of the device has, in a number of cases, advantages over the previously mentioned devices, since the separation of the functions that a membrane should have in these devices simplifies the manufacture of devices due to the reduction of work on refining the membranes to a predetermined triggering pressure. However, the need to attach the rupture element to the membrane imposes additional restrictions on the safety device. If a hole is made in the mounting of a rupture element in the membrane, the design of the device becomes more complicated as a number of additional elements are required to seal the attachment point. If it is necessary to connect a rupture element with a membrane by soldering or welding, it is necessary to select the appropriate materials to allow these operations and remove residual stresses. The location of the rupture element on the side of the membrane, where the pressure is higher (an indispensable condition that the rupture element worked on rupture) is a significant drawback, since in this case, when protecting against pressure build up in the apparatus, the rupture element is inside it and may be exposed to high temperatures and corrosive media in this apparatus. Since temperature fluctuations change the limiting stresses in the ruptured element, the device response pressure fluctuates significantly. Aggressive environments, such as acids, alkalis, etc., can reduce the strength of a destructible element, which leads to premature operation of the device. In addition, the location of the ruptured element with holders inside the apparatus of the bulletin is undesirable in some industries, for example, with aseptic canning of products with storage in large tanks. Tanks intended for storage of products must undergo sanitary treatment, which must guarantee the sterility of their internal cavities. If, however, the element to be torn and the fastener parts are inside the apparatus, then additional time and steam are required to perform high-quality sanitization, as well as increased requirements for the quality of manufacturing and constructive use of the device parts. The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design and expand the operational capabilities of the device. This goal is achieved by the fact that the device is provided with a movable stop, one end of which is made according to the shape of the membrane and is adjacent to its concave surface, and the other end loads the element to be destroyed. The device contains a movable stop, one end of which is made in the form of a membrane and is adjacent to its concave surface, and the other is rigidly connected with the help of a holder with a discontinuous element made, for example, in the form of a rod. Grooves are made in the stop for mounting the new blades into them with the possibility of free movement of the stop. The device is equipped with a fixed bracket and a crossbar that is hinged to it, the other end of which is movably connected to the stop, and the rupture element is movably mounted by means of a holder between the crosshead and the bracket. FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the hermetic design of the device. The protected device is equipped with a patron with a flange 1, a ring 2, a membrane 3, a clamping flange 4, a housing 5 with a nozzle b, at least about it with a knife 7, VnopoM 8, the upper 9 and the lower 10 holders broken by element 11, a gasket 12 and a lid 13. The stop B has a groove 14, a channel 15 and a shank 16. The proposed device (FIG. 1) works as follows. On the protected device between the flanges 1 and 4 is installed a ring 2 of the membrane 3 and a knife consisting of one or several blades. Attached to the knife 7 lower holder 10 is a torn element 11, which passes through the channel 15 of the stop 8 and fastens to the upper holder 9. When the stop 8 is installed, the knife 7 enters its groove. Then the gasket 12 is placed and the device is sealed with a cover 13. 6, a pipeline is connected to discharge the medium. In normal operation, the membrane remains stationary in the protected apparatus. If the pressure in the apparatus reaches a predetermined limiting value, then the force transmitted through the membrane 3 to the stop 8 and then to the ruptured element 11 destroys the ruptured element 11, thus the rapid movement of the stop 8 and the membrane 3, which is cut by the knife 7, occurs. through nozzle 6. The direction of movement of the stop 8 is determined by the configuration of the shank 16 sliding in the lid 13. In order for the device to fail to see the diaphragm, the surface of the abutment contacting the diaphragm has The same configuration as the membrane. It is advisable to make the emphasis lightweight, for example from a light material, so that its weight does not have a significant impact on the operation of the device. If it is necessary to operate the device at another pressure, it is established that the corresponding rupture element, the strength and cross section of which is designed for a given pressure. In the manufacture of a ruptured element, materials that are not prone to creep over the load close to the load of the actuation, i.e. In which the limits of strength and fluidity are close, for example, Kalena steel wire. The location of the rupture element inside the stop; the device is made compact, which makes it easy to seal. FIG. 2 shows a variant of the proposed device. This device includes a flange 1, a ring 2, a membrane 3, a clamping flange 4, a yoke 17, a hinge 18, a knife (or knives) 7, an emphasis 8, an upper 9 and a lower 10 holders, a breakable element 11, a bracket 19. The stop 8 has groove 20 for crosshead 17, groove 14 for; 5 knife 7, axis 21. The device operates as follows. The device is clamped with flanges 1 and 4 and ring 2, membrane 3 and knife 7. A support 8 is supplied to the membrane 3, in which the knife 7 is positioned in the grooves 14. Fixed on the bracket 19 of the yoke 17 is fixed by the axis 21 in the groove 20 of the support 8. In free alignment the yoke 17 can be rotated relative to the hinge 18. When exceeding the permissible pressure value, the rupture element is broken, the yoke with the support moves, allowing the membrane 3 to be slammed, which is cut on the knife 7. The medium from the device is removed Unlike the device (Fig. / 1) this device It has the advantage that the upper 9 and lower 10 can be moved along the traverse 1 and the bracket 19. This allows, in the presence of a ruptured element calculated for any one pressure, to ensure the operation of the device under various requirements, t. e. expands the possibilities of application. The proposed device options enjoy a number of advantages over the known ones. Difficulties associated with the need for rigid attachment of the membrane and the element to be torn are eliminated. The operation of the device is practically independent of the temperature and properties of the medium in the apparatus, all the elements of the device are outside the apparatus. In addition, the presence of interacting elements (membrane - stop) allows the use of materials for the manufacture of membranes that were previously unsuitable for such devices due to the operation of membranes of these materials at too low compared to the required pressures. For example, if, with a nominal diameter of 80 mm, a 0.2 mm thick polyethylene film is used as a membrane, then it will be closed at a pressure of about 0.1 kg s / cm. If the diaphragm movement is limited to an abutment, the pressure can be increased by several tens or even hundreds of times by the operation of the device. This makes it possible to use cheap materials such as polymeric materials as membranes, which makes the entire safety device cheaper. If necessary, preserve the tightness of the system after the safety device trips, it is advisable to use the first option as more compact. The second option is recommended to be used in conditions where the removal of the medium after operation is safe, as well as for installation on equipment where it is possible to change to different pressures. Claim 1. Safety device, in the case of which a clapping rupture membrane is placed, interacting with a fixedly mounted knife, provided with an additional breakable element with a calibrated cross-section, installed with the help of a holder, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and expand operational capabilities, The device is equipped with a movable stop, one end of which is made along the membrane lorma and is adjacent to its concave surface, and the second one loads the element to be destroyed. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a movable stop, one end of which is shaped according to the shape of the membrane and is adjacent to its concave surface, and the second is rigidly connected by means of a holder with a rupture element made, for example, a rod, with grooves in the support for mounting knife blades in them with the possibility of free movement of the stack. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a fixed bracket and a crosshead, pivotally connected with it, the other end of which is movably connected to the abutment, and the rupture element is movably mounted with the help of a holder between the crosshead and the bracket. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR 140647, cl. F 16 K 17/40, 1961.

2. Patent of Great Britain No. 1273358, cl. F 2 V, 1972.