SU865162A1

SU865162A1 - Seeding machine

Info

Publication number: SU865162A1
Application number: SU792853967A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Станисловас Антано Алияускас; Ромуальдас Казевич Гумбелевичюс; Юлюс-Чесловас Антано Недзинскас; Владимир Глебович Песков
Original assignee: Литовский научно-исследовательский институт гидротехники и мелиорации
Priority date: 1979-12-14
Filing date: 1979-12-14
Publication date: 1981-09-23

Description

Изобретение относится к сельскохозяйственному машиностроению, в част ности к сеялкам, которые могут быть использованы для засева откосов водоотводящих оросительных каналов, дамб обвалования, а также откосов автомобильных и железнодорожных дорог.The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to seeders that can be used for sowing slopes of drainage irrigation canals, ditching dams, as well as slopes of roads and railways.

Известны сеялки, содержащие центральную раму и шарнирно закрепленную на ней с возможностью поворота в горизонтальной и поперечно-вертикальной ¹плоскостях раму боковой секции с бункером для сеялки, в котором установлен вал с закрепленными на нем высевающими аппаратами, кинематически связанный механизмом привода с осью опорных колес [1 ].Known seeders containing a Central frame and pivotally mounted on it with the possibility of rotation in horizontal and transverse vertical ¹ planes frame the side section with a hopper for the seeder, in which a shaft is mounted with mounted metering devices, kinematically connected by a drive mechanism to the axis of the support wheels [ 1 ].

Недостатком указанных сеялок является то, что опорные колеса воспринимающие на себя вес боковой секции, предполагают возможность разрушения откосов каналов. При движении же опорных колес по дну водоотводящих каналов опорные колеса, как правило, утопают в почве под действием веса сеялки, не обеспечивая заданной величины сцепления опорных колес с почвой и нарушая тем самым заданную норму вщеева семян.The disadvantage of these seeders is that the support wheels that take on the weight of the side section, suggest the possibility of destruction of the slopes of the channels. When the support wheels move along the bottom of the drainage channels, the support wheels, as a rule, are buried in the soil under the influence of the seeder weight, not providing a predetermined amount of support wheel adhesion to the soil and thereby violating the predetermined rate of fresh seeds.

Цель изобретения - исключение повреждения откосов каналов.The purpose of the invention is the exclusion of damage to the slopes of the channels.

Цель достигается тем, что на раме боковой секции установлен промежуточный вал, который связан механизмом привода с валом высевающих аппаратов, а посредством двух соединенных между собой вертикально расположенным шарниром П-образных вилок соединен с осью опорных колес, причем ось последних и промежуточный вал кинематически связаны между робой гибкой приводной бесконечной передачей, а на соединенной с промежуточным валом П-образной вилке на уровне верхней и нижней ветвей, сбоку гибкой приводной бесконечной передачи, установлены направляющие ролики.The goal is achieved by the fact that an intermediate shaft is installed on the side section frame, which is connected by a drive mechanism to the metering device shaft, and by means of two vertically arranged hinges of U-shaped forks connected to the axis of the support wheels, the axis of the latter and the intermediate shaft kinematically connected between a flexible flexible drive endless transmission, and on the U-shaped plug connected to the intermediate shaft at the level of the upper and lower branches, on the side of the flexible drive endless transmission, screaming rollers.

На фиг. 1 изображена сеялка, вид сверху; на фиг. 2 - то же, вид сзади; на фиг. 3 - вид А на фиг. 2.In FIG. 1 shows a seeder, top view; in FIG. 2 - the same, rear view; in FIG. 3 is a view A in FIG. 2.

Сеялка содержит центральную раму 1 , которая посредством механизма задней 5 навески и гидроцилиндра 2 соединена с трактором 3. К центральной раме 1 посредством вертикального шарнира закреплена поворотная плита 4 с гидроцилиндром 5, который посредством тро- 10 сов 6 соединен с рамой 7 боковой секции сеялки, включающей бункер 8 для семян, в котором установлен вал 9 .с закрепленными на нем высевающими аппаратами 10. 55The seeder contains a central frame 1, which is connected to the tractor 3 through the rear linkage mechanism 5 and the hydraulic cylinder 2. A rotary plate 4 is mounted to the central frame 1 by means of a vertical hinge 4 with the hydraulic cylinder 5, which is connected via the cable 10 to the frame 7 of the seeder side section, including a hopper 8 for seeds, in which a shaft 9. is installed with mounted metering devices 10. 55

В передней части рамы боковой секции сеялки установлен отвал 1 1 и зубьяIn the front of the frame of the side section of the seeder mounted blade 1 1 and the teeth

12. Рама 7 боковой сеялки соединена с трактором тросом 13 постоянной длины и тросом 14 регулируемой длины. ,12. The frame 7 of the side seeder is connected to the tractor with a cable 13 of constant length and a cable 14 of adjustable length. ,

В задней части рамы боковой секции,In the back of the side section frame,

в. цапфах 15 установлен промежуточный вал 16, который связан механизмом привода, в частности цепной передачей 17 с валом 9 высевающих аппаратов. ' ₂₅ in. the pins 15 have an intermediate shaft 16, which is connected by a drive mechanism, in particular a chain gear 17 with the shaft 9 of the sowing apparatus. _'25

На промежуточном валу свободно установлена П-образная вилка 18, которая вертикально расположенным шарниром 19 соединена с П-образной вилкой 20, свободно установленной на оси 21 ₃₀ опорных колес 22 сеялки. На промежуточном валу и оси опорных колес жестко закреплены звездочки 23 и 24, которые кинематически связаны между собой гибкой приводной бесконечной передачей, например круглозвенной цепью 25. На вилке 18 на уровне верхней и нижней ветвей, сбоку круглозвенной цепи 25, посредством оси 26 установлены два направляющих ролика 27. ⁴⁰ A U-shaped fork 18 is freely mounted on the intermediate shaft, which is connected vertically by a hinge 19 to a U-shaped fork 20, freely mounted on the axle 21 _{30 of the} support wheels 22 of the seeder. Asterisks 23 and 24 are rigidly fixed on the intermediate shaft and the axis of the support wheels, which are kinematically connected to each other by a flexible drive endless transmission, for example, a round link chain 25. Two guides are mounted on the fork 18 at the level of the upper and lower branches, on the side of the round link chain 25, by means of the axis 26 clip 27. ⁴⁰

В передней части трактора установлен отвал 28, на котором закреплены направляющие блоки 29 и гидромеханическая лебедка 20.A blade 28 is mounted in front of the tractor, on which guide blocks 29 and a hydromechanical winch 20 are fixed.

Сеялка работает следующим образом. **The seeder works as follows. **

Трактор 3 устанавливают на берме канала с возможностью перемещения его вдоль него. Раму 7 боковой секции переводят из транспортного в рабочее положение. Для этого выдвижением што-5® ка гидроцилиндра 2 поворачивают центральную раму 3 и поднимают передний конец рамы 7 боковой секции вверх от вала 9. Увеличением длины троса 14 на барабане лебедки 30 раму 7 поворачивают 55 обеспечивают опускание рамы 7 боковой секции на поверхность откоса канала.Tractor 3 is installed on the berm of the channel with the possibility of moving it along it. Frame 7 of the side section is transferred from the transport to the working position. To do this, by extending the cylinder 5® of the hydraulic cylinder 2, the central frame 3 is rotated and the front end of the side section frame 7 is lifted up from the shaft 9. By increasing the length of the cable 14 on the winch drum 30, the frame 7 is turned 55 to lower the side section frame 7 to the channel slope surface.

При движении трактора по берме канала рама 7 перемещается на отвале по откосу, а колеса 22 копируют рельеф почвы откоса, обеспечивая достаточное сцепление колес с грунтом и передачу крутящего момента к валу 9 высевающих аппаратов за счет звездочек 23 и 24 и цепных передач 25 и 17.When the tractor moves along the berm of the channel, the frame 7 moves on the dump along the slope, and the wheels 22 copy the topography of the slope, providing sufficient adhesion of the wheels to the ground and transmitting torque to the shaft 9 of the metering devices due to sprockets 23 and 24 and chain gears 25 and 17.

При угле установки рамы 7 боковой секции в плане, равном 90°, т.е. при максимальной ширине ее захвата, вращение от колес 22 к высевающим аппаратам передается через ось 21, звездочку 24, гибкую цепную передачу 25, звездочку 23, вал 16 и цепную передачу 17.When the angle of installation of the frame 7 of the side section in the plan equal to 90 °, i.e. at the maximum width of its capture, the rotation from the wheels 22 to the sowing devices is transmitted through the axis 21, the sprocket 24, the flexible chain gear 25, the sprocket 23, the shaft 16 and the chain gear 17.

При изменении ширины засеваемого откоса изменяют угол установки рамы 7 боковой секции сеялки в плане. Это осуществляют увеличением или уменьшением длины троса 14.When changing the width of the sowing slope, the installation angle of the frame 7 of the side section of the seeder is changed in plan. This is carried out by increasing or decreasing the length of the cable 14.

При угле установки рамы 7 боковой секции в плане менее 90°(как показано пунктиром на фиг. 1) колеса 22 за счет оси 26 перемещаются параллельно направлению движения трактора 3, а вращение от них к высевающим аппаратам 10 осуществляется также, как описано выше. Только в этом случае цепь 25 при повороте вилки 20 на шарнире 19 огибает направляющие ролики 27 и обеспечивает тем самым передачу крутящего момента от оси 21 промежуточному валу 16 при их непараллельноети, Шарнирное соединение между собой П-образных вилок 18 и 20 посредством оси 26 и возможность свободного вращения вилки 18 на промежуточном валу 16 и вилки 20 на оси 21 опорных колес 22 обеспечивают возможность копирования последними рельефа откоса и достижение заданной величины сцепления опорных колес с почвой.When the angle of installation of the frame 7 of the side section in the plan is less than 90 ° (as shown by the dotted line in Fig. 1), the wheels 22, due to the axis 26, move parallel to the direction of movement of the tractor 3, and the rotation from them to the sowing devices 10 is also carried out as described above. Only in this case, when turning the fork 20 on the hinge 19, the chain 25 bends around the guide rollers 27 and thereby transmits torque from the axis 21 to the intermediate shaft 16 when they are not parallel, the articulated connection of the U-shaped forks 18 and 20 through the axis 26 and the possibility free rotation of the forks 18 on the intermediate shaft 16 and forks 20 on the axis 21 of the support wheels 22 provide the ability to copy the slope relief by the latter and achieve a predetermined amount of adhesion of the support wheels to the soil.

Исключение^гже передачи веса рамы 7 боковой секции сеялки на опорные коlieca 22 исключает тем самым возможность повреждения последними откосов.Exception same transmission frame ^g weight 7 side section drills kolieca support 22 thereby eliminates the possibility of damaging the latter slopes.

Перевод сеялки из рабочего положения в транспортное производят в обратном порядке.The seeder is transferred from the working position to the transport one in the reverse order.

Claims

The invention relates to an agricultural machinery industry, in particular, to salons, which can be used for sowing slopes of drainage irrigation canals, embankment dams, as well as slopes of roads and railways. Seals are known that contain a central frame and a hinged frame on it that can rotate in the horizontal and transverse-vertical planes of the side section frame with a seed hopper in which the shaft is installed with seed devices attached to it, kinematically connected by a drive mechanism with axle support wheels l. The disadvantage of these forks is that the support wheels that perceive the weight of the side section assume the possibility of destroying the slopes of the channels. As the support wheels move along the bottom of the drainage channels, as a rule, the wheels are mounted. they are buried in the soil under the action of the weight of the crop, without providing a predetermined amount of adhesion of the support wheels to the soil and thus violating the given standard Bj iceBa seeds. The purpose of the invention is the elimination of damage to channel slopes. The goal is achieved by installing an intermediate shaft on the frame of the side section, which is connected by a drive mechanism to the shaft of the sowing apparatus, and through two U-shaped forks connected by a vertically arranged hinge, connected to the axis of the supporting wheels, the latter axis and the intermediate shaft between the flexible drive endless gear, and on the U-shaped fork connected to the intermediate shaft at the level of the upper and lower branches, on the side of the flexible endless drive gear, are installed ravl yusche rollers. FIG. 1 and the plant is planted above; in fig. 2 shows the same, rear view in FIG. 3 is a view A of FIG.

2. The crop contains a central frame which is connected to the tractor by means of a rear hitch mechanism and a hydraulic cylinder 2.

3. A pivoting plate 4 is fixed to the central frame 1 by means of a vertical hinge, with a hydraulic cylinder 5, which is connected by cables 6 to a frame 7 of the lateral section of the cutting plant, including a seed bin 8, in which the shaft 9 is mounted. “Parameters 10. In the front part of the frame of the side section of the crop, a blade 1 1 and a tooth 12 are installed. The frame 7 of the side section is connected to the tractor with a cable 13 of constant length and a cable 14 of adjustable length. In the rear part of the frame of the side section, the intermediate shaft 16 is mounted in the trunnions 15, which is connected by a drive mechanism, in particular a chain drive 17 with a shaft 9 of the seed equipment. U-shaped fork 18 is freely mounted on the intermediate shaft; it is connected by a vertically located hinge 19 to U-shaped fork 20, which is freely mounted on the axis 21 of the OPO1ShH wheels 22 spacing. Sprockets 23 and 24 are rigidly fixed on the intermediate shaft and the axles of the support wheels, which are kinematically connected to each other by flexible endless transmission gear, for example, a round link chain 25. On the plug 18, at the level of the upper and lower branches, on the side of the round link chain 25, axis 26 is installed two guide rollers 27. In the front part of the tractor, a blade 28 is installed, on which the guide blocks 29 and the hydromechanical winch 20 are fixed. The machine works as follows: Tractor 3 is mounted on the berm of the channel with the possibility of moving and it along it. The frame 7 of the side section is moved from the transport to the working position. For this, pushing the rod of the hydraulic cylinder 2 rotates the central frame 3 and raises the front section 7 of the side section up to the shaft 9. By increasing the length of the cable 14 on the driver of the winch 30, I rotate the frame 7 in a horizontal plane around the vertical hinge. In the case of the hydraulic cylinder rod 5 and the release of the cable 6, provide the lowering of the frame 7 of the side section on the surface of the channel slope. When the tractor moves along the Oerme canal, the frame 7 moves on the blade along the slope, and the wheels 22 copy the topography of the slope soil, ensuring sufficient grip on the wheels and the transmission of torque to the shaft 9 of the metering units through sprockets 23 and 24 and chain drives 25 and 17 At an angle of installation of the frame 7 of the lateral section in the plan, equal to 50, i.e. at its maximum width, rotation from wheels 22 to sowing units is transmitted through axle 21, sprocket 24, flexure chain drive 25, sprocket 23, shaft 16 and chain gear 17. When changing the width of the sowing slope, the mounting angle of the frame 7 of the side section lk in the plan. This is accomplished by increasing or decreasing the length of the cable 14. At an angle of installation of the frame 7 of the side section in terms of less than 90 (as shown by the dotted line in Fig. O, the wheels 22 move parallel to the direction of travel of the tractor 3 due to the axis 26 and rotate from them to the seed horizons 10 It is also carried out as described above. Only in this case, the chain 25, when turning the fork 20 on the hinge 19, bends around the guide rollers 27 and thus ensures the transmission of torque from the axis 21 to the intermediate shaft 16 when they are not parallel, U-shaped forks 18 and 20 through the axis 2B and the possibility of free rotation of the fork 18 on the intermediate shaft 16 and the fork 20 on the axis 21 of the support wheels 22 provide the ability for the latter to copy the slope topography and to achieve the desired adhesion of the support wheels to the soil. The lateral section of the spruce on the supporting parts 22 eliminates the possibility of damage to the latter slopes. The transfer of the spit from the working position to the transport position is carried out in the reverse order. Claims of the invention - a sera containing - a central frame and hinged on it with the POSSIBILITY of turning in the horizontal transverse vertical planes 5-8 to the frame of the side section with a seed bin, in which the shaft with the seeding devices mounted on it is mounted, kinematically Driven by the drive mechanism with the axle of the support wheels, it is known that, in order to avoid damage to the slopes of the channels, an intermediate shaft is mounted on the frame of the side section, which is connected with the drive shaft by the drive mechanism by means of two vertically located hinges of U-shaped forks connected to each other, connected to the axis of the supporting wheels,. moreover, the axis of the latter and the intermediate shaft are kinematically connected with each other by a flexible drive endless transmission, and on the side of the U-shaped fork connected to the intermediate shaft, at the level of the upper and lower branches, on the side of the flexible drive endless gear, guide rollers are installed. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. US patent 3,738,181, cl. 74-13, 1973 (prototype).