SU863261A1

SU863261A1 - Arc-working apparatus

Info

Publication number: SU863261A1
Application number: SU792860297A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Святослав Петрович Поляков; Михаил Григорьевич Розенберг; Геннадий Дмитриевич Плешивенко; Анатолий Федорович Гаркуша; Вадим Михайлович Компанеец; Владимир Иванович Мишедченко
Original assignee: Днепропетровский Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Металлургический Институт
Priority date: 1979-12-28
Filing date: 1979-12-28
Publication date: 1981-09-15

Description

(54) УСТРОЙСТВО ДЛЯ ДУГОВОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ Изобретение относитс к плазменной технике и может быть использовано при плазменной резке черных и цветных металлов, а также дл подогрева зоны резани при мёхайической обработке. Известны плазмотроны дл резки со :табилизацией дугового разр да вод ным вихрем, имеющие графитовый элек трод и устройство его подачи. Вода подаетс в полость между графитовым электродом и соплом, закручиваетс завихрителем, испар етс в электрической дуге и выноситс через сопло (11 и 2. Подача электрода осуществл етс электродвигателем через редуктор, зажимным элементом вл етс цанга 3 и 4. Недостатком известных плазмотронов вл етс низкое теплосодержание струи плазмы и невысока продблжительность его включени . Наиболее близким по технической сущности к предлагаемому вл етс плазмотрон дл резки металлов со ст билизацией дугового разр да вод ным вихрем, содержащий головку со стаби зирукнцим каналом, соплом и пусковым анодом. В этом плазмотроне дл повышени теплосодержани струи плазмы выполнена кольцева щель между соплом , имеющим профилированную поверхность , и пусковым анодом. Эта щель служит дл удалени паровой фазы из внешней оболочки пламенной струи посредством зжекйионного эффекта под действием центробежных сил. Подача электрода осуществл етс посредством электрического двигател с редуктором , продольное перемещение электрода не превышает 200 мм. Одновременно с поступательным электроду сообщаетс вращательное движение со скоростью 30 об/мин от отдельного электродвигател с редуктором 5. В этом плазмотроне -не участвующа в плазмообразовании вода отсасываетс посредством эжекционного эффекта через специальную щель между соплом и промежуточным анодом, что требует точного профилировани дополнительно вводимого в конструкцию промежу-точного анода. Часть воды может не отсасыватьс за счет эжекционного эффекта, что ведет к уменьшению теплосодержани плазмы и ухудшению технологических свойств плазмотрона. Кроме того, ограничение длины хода механизма подачи требует после егорани электрода выключени плазмотрона и перемещени зажимного механизма в исходное положение,что значительно уменьшает продолжительность включени плазмотрона.(54) DEVICE FOR ARC PROCESSING The invention relates to a plasma technique and can be used for plasma cutting of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, as well as for heating the cutting zone during mekhayicheskoy processing. Plasma torches for cutting with: the arc discharge stabilization by a water vortex, having a graphite electrode and a feeder are known. Water is fed into the cavity between the graphite electrode and the nozzle, twisted by a swirler, evaporated in an electric arc and carried through the nozzle (11 and 2. The electrode is supplied by an electric motor through a reducer, the clamping element is a collet 3 and 4. A disadvantage of the known plasma torches is low the heat content of the plasma jet and the low continuity of its inclusion. The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a plasma torch for cutting metals with a stabilization of the arc discharge by a water vortex containing This plasma torch has an annular gap between the nozzle having a profiled surface and the starting anode to increase the heat content of the plasma jet. This gap serves to remove the vapor phase from the outer shell of the flame jet through the jog effect. by the action of centrifugal forces. The supply of the electrode is carried out by means of an electric motor with a reducer, the longitudinal movement of the electrode does not exceed 200 mm. Simultaneously with the translational electrode, rotational motion is connected at a speed of 30 rpm from a separate electric motor with a gearbox 5. In this plasma torch, the water not involved in the plasma formation is sucked out by means of an ejection effect through a special gap between the nozzle and the intermediate anode, which requires precise profiling that is additionally introduced into the design intermediate anode. Some of the water may not be sucked off due to the ejection effect, which leads to a decrease in the heat content of the plasma and the deterioration of the technological properties of the plasma torch. In addition, limiting the stroke length of the feed mechanism requires, after pick-up, of the plasmatron deactivation electrode and the movement of the clamping mechanism to the initial position, which significantly reduces the duration of the plasmatron activation.

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому эффекту к изобретению вл етс устройство дл дуговой обработки, содержащее механизм подачи электрода с электродвигателем , редуктором и кольцевым электромагнитом , выполненным ;с корпусом и сердечником в виде держател угольного электрода, установленного с возможностью поворота относительно оси 6.The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the invention is an arc treatment device comprising an electrode feed mechanism with an electric motor, a gearbox and an annular electromagnet, made with a housing and a core in the form of a carbon electrode holder rotatably mounted about axis 6.

Недостатком данного устройства вл етс сложность и громоздкость конструкции , так как в механизм погГачи входит электродвигатель с редукторомThe disadvantage of this device is the complexity and bulkiness of the design, as the electric motor with a gearbox enters the gearbox.

Цель изобретени - упрощение конструкции устройства.The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design of the device.

Цель достигаетс -тем, что в устростве дуговой обработки, содержащем механизм подачи электрода с кольцевым электромагнитом, выполненным с корпусом и сердечником в виде держател угольного электрода, установленного с возможностью поворота относительно оси, на внутренней поверхности корпуса электромагнита выполнена винтова канавка с углом подъема 20-30, сердечник выполнен с выступами на наружной поверхности, вход щими Е винтовую канавку, и с полостью в виде усеченного конуса, меньшее основание которого расположено со стороны нерабочего торца электрода и равно 1,05-1,5 диаметра электрода, а в полости расположен кольцевой составной зажимной элемент по форме соответствующий полости, при этом сердечник подпружинен к корпусу электромагнита в осевом направлении .The goal is achieved by the fact that in an arc treatment device containing an electrode feed mechanism with an annular electromagnet made with a housing and a core in the form of a holder of a carbon electrode mounted rotatably about an axis, a screw groove with an elevation angle of 20 is made on the inner surface of the electromagnet housing. 30, the core is made with protrusions on the outer surface entering the E screw groove, and with a cavity in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is located on the non-operating side the first electrode tip and is equal to the diameter of 1,05-1,5 electrode and in the cavity is an annular component clamping member in form corresponding cavity, the core is spring biased to the housing of the electromagnet axially.

Диаметр меньшего основани конической полости сердечника электромагнита превышает диаметр электрода не менее, чем в 1,05 раз, так как в противном случае из-за отклонений в размерах электрода возможно его трение о сердечник , что приводит к нарушению работы подающего устройства. Однако внутренний диаметр меньшего основани конической полости сердечника не должен более, чем в 1,5 раза превьииать диаметр электрода,так как при большем превышении диаметра электрода уменьшаетс его поверхность контакта с эажимньв 1 элементом, что снижает надежность работы подающего устройства.The diameter of the smaller base of the conical cavity of the core of the electromagnet is no less than 1.05 times the diameter of the electrode, because otherwise, due to deviations in the dimensions of the electrode, its friction against the core is possible, which leads to disruption of the operation of the feeder. However, the inner diameter of the smaller base of the conical cavity of the core should not more than 1.5 times the diameter of the electrode, since with a larger excess of the diameter of the electrode, its contact surface with the first element decreases, which reduces the reliability of the feeder.

Виновата канавка служит дл придани сердечнику, зажимному элементу и электроду поступательно-вращательного движени . При значении угла подъема винтовой канавки меньше 20 при своем поступательном движении электрод поворачиваетс вокруг осиThe guilty groove serves to impart a translational-rotary motion to the core, the clamping element and the electrode. When the value of the elevation angle of the screw groove is less than 20, in its translational motion, the electrode rotates around the axis

Tia небольшой угол, что приводит к неравномерному выгоранию электрода, Если же угол наклона превышает 30 , то при поступательно-вращательном движении сердечника возникает больша сила трени между выступами сердечника и поверхностью канавки, что ведет к заеданию и нарушению режима работы подающего устройства. Tia is a small angle, which leads to an uneven burnout of the electrode. If the angle of inclination exceeds 30, then with the translational-rotational movement of the core, a large friction force occurs between the protrusions of the core and the surface of the groove, which leads to jamming and disruption of the operating mode of the feeder.

На фиг.1 изображен плазмотрон, общий вид, разрез; на фиг.2 - разрез плазмотрона по сечению А-А; на фиг.Звнутренн поверхность корпуса электромагнита .Figure 1 shows the plasma torch, General view, section; figure 2 - section of the plasma torch section aa; Fig. Internal surface of the body of the electromagnet.

Claims

The device comprises a nozzle 1, fixed through insulator 2 on the housing 3. In the nozzle 1, there is a cooling cavity 4, a connection with a nozzle 5 with a water supply system valve (not shown). The cooling cavity 4 of the nozzle 1 is connected by a channel 6, made in the insulator 2, with a swirl chamber 7 made in the housing 3. On the inner surface of the housing 3 there is a multiple-channel groove 8 connecting the swirl chamber 7 with the discharge chamber E. The device has a carbon electrode 10, as well as an electrode feed mechanism, made with an annular electromagnet 11 mounted in the housing 12 and having a cover 13. The electromagnet 11 has a core 14 that simultaneously acts as a holder of a carbon electrode 10. The core 14 is installed with the possibility of rotation about the axis and is made with a cavity in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is located on the side of the non-working end of the electrode 10 and is equal to 1.051, 5 the diameter of the electrode 10. In the said cavity there is an annular composite clamping element 15, made in the form of several (three or four) congruent segment parts, the inner surface of which corresponds to the shape of the surface of the electrode 10, while the surface can be smooth or corrugated. On the inner surface of the housing 12 of the electromagnet 11, there is a screw groove 16 having an elevation angle of 20-30 and on the outer surface of the core 14 protrusions 17 are provided, which enter the groove 16. The core 14 of the electromagnet is spring-loaded in the axial direction by spring 18 to the damper 19, and therefore and to the housing 12, the clamping member 15 is spring-loaded by the spring 20. - The stiffness coefficient of the spring 18 is somewhat larger than that of the spring 20. In the upper part of the housing 12 of the electromagnet 11, the electromagnet travel stop 21 is screwed, which is a hollow cylinder hub bushing. The stroke stop is prevented from turning by a nut 22. The device includes a current collector consisting of a sleeve 23 and a preloaded spring 24 to the sleeve 23 of a split copper-graphite brush 25 consisting of several (three or four) congruent segment parts. The device works as follows. Through pipe 5, water flows from the water supply system through a valve adjusted for water flow (35) 10 mg / s, to the cooling cavity 4 of the nozzle 1. From the cavity 4, the water heated by heat flows in the nozzle 1 to a temperature of 50-70 ° C, flows through channel 6 into the swirl chamber 7, and from there through the multiple entry groove B to the discharge chamber 9. The passage through the groove 8, the water cools the graphite electrode 10, and itself heats up to 95-100 C. The exit from the groove 8, the water evaporates and in the form of a steam-water vortex, it stabilizes the electric arc. Since during operation of the plasma torch the graphite electrode 10 erodes, it is necessary to supply it with a value of iosos. This purpose serves as a feeder. The device is acting impulsively, supplying the electrode 10 with each pulse for a certain length (pitch), the value of which can be adjusted by stroke limiter 21. When the electromagnet 11 is turned on, the core 14 draws inward, compressing the spring 18, and, crimping, moves the split clamping element 15. The clamping element 15 is compressed by the core 14, in turn compresses the electrode 10 and, during its movement, moves it by the amount of pitch, compression spring 20. After removing the voltage from the electromagnet 11, the core 14 returns to the initial position under the action of the spring 18 and stops crimping the clamping element 15, which in turn j returns to the initial position by the spring 20. Since at this moment the clamping lement 15 is not crimped onto the core 14, the moving Referring to the starting position, it does not move with elektEYud 10. Thereafter, the feeding device is in the initial position before the next voltage supply to the electromagnet .11. The electromagnet 11 is turned on when a voltage is applied to its winding. Since the wear of a graphite electrode is proportional to the arc current, the special device supplies voltage pulses to the windings of the electromagnet 11 in proportion to the arc current strength. The presence of a channel connecting the cooling cavity of the nozzle with the swirl chamber makes it possible to completely utilize the cooling water, which simplifies the design of the plasma torch and increases its thermal efficiency to 100%. A feeding device operating with electrodes of any length provides the plasmatron with a greater switching time than the known ones. At the same time, the latter is increased by 20% and reaches 95%. Apparatus of the Invention A device for arc processing, mainly for plasma cutting, comprising an electrode feed mechanism with an annular electromagnet made with a housing and a core in the form of a carbon electrode holder mounted to rotate from a separate axis, in order to simplify the device on the inner surface of the body of the electromagnet there is a screw groove with a lifting angle of 20-30, the core is made with protrusions on the outer surface entering the screw groove and with a cavity in the form of a truncated cone, the smaller base of which is located on the side of the non-working end of the electrode and about 1.05-1.5 diameters of the electrode, and in the cavity there is an annular composite clamping element, along the mold corresponding to the cavity, while the core is spring-loaded to the electromagnet body in axial direction. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR 270928, cl. B 23 K 9 / 16,12.02.68.

2. The patent Czechoslovakia 147806, cl. 21 G 61/00, 04/28/72.

3. Author's certificate of the USSR 274263, cl. At 23 K 9/16, 10.21.68.

4. USSR author's certificate No. 288186, cl. At 23 K 31/10, 30.11.65.

5. The author's certificate of the USSR 172419, cl. At 23 K 17/00, 03/13/63. 6. US patent number 1963869, cl. 219-123, 12.06.34.