SU861208A1 - Substance transportation method - Google Patents

Description

(54) METHOD OF MOVING SUBSTANCES

one

 The invention relates to the field of transportation and can be widely used in various areas of national economy during transportation and handling operations with various bulk materials, such as when spraying mineral fertilizers from a helicopter, during transportation of building materials, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, food products etc.

There is a known method of transporting bulk substances and facilitating their unloading, based on the initiation of elastic deformations in the load-carrying surface using a vibration effect on it and a device for implementing this method, which contains electro-magnetic vibrators consisting of electromagnets producing an electromagnetic pulse and core. metal element mounted on the load-carrying surface 1.

The closest in technical essence is a method of moving substances, based on the excitation of elastic deformations of the load-carrying surface, which the main low-frequency oscillations continuously communicate, and at the moment of action on the load

the highest inertia forces are periodically reported by additional high-frequency oscillations whose amplitudes are less than the amplitudes of low-frequency oscillations 2.

This technical solution is somewhat more economical than the others, however, and in this case, the power expended in moving the load remains sufficiently high, in addition, during its realization and rapid wear of the structure occurs.

The aim of the invention is to reduce the power cost of moving

15 loads.

This is achieved in that the excitation of elastic deformations in the load-carrying surface is carried out by acting on it with single one20 compression pulses of a tooth-shaped form, with a duration of 0.001-0.25 of the period of natural oscillations of the structure with a pause between pulses greater than the pulse duration 100-10000 times,

Claims (2)

25 at the same time during pauses accumulate energy of the subsequent pulse. In addition, impulse action is created by pulses of an electromagnetic field in a grouped fashion, synchronously at several points of the load-carrying surface. The impact on the load-carrying surface with single pulses with a duration of at least 100 times the duration of the pulse makes it possible to reduce the power required for unloading, since in this case the power applied to the moving substance is equal to the power of the pulse energy source, as during pauses there is an accumulation of energy, the flow of which occurs during the pulse. The pulse power is determined by the formula4. t h pz-gustr-. where Nflj is the power of the energy source 1 N | c, Tp. Device efficiency; t is the pulse time; T - pause time. Since the pulse effect is economically advantageous at T / t .7 / 100, the pulse power is at least 100 times greater than the power of the energy source, while under the vibration effect the power applied to the moving substance cannot be greater than the power of the energy source and Thus, with the same power, when subjected to single pulses, the power of the energy source will be required many times less than with vibration impact. The effect of the effect increases with the choice of the optimal pulse shape, characterized by a steeper slope of its forward part (steeper forefront) and a flatter reverse part. The service life of a structure under impulse action is much longer than when it is vibrated, since in order to provide the desired effect of action, the number of cycles of action is less than when it is subjected to vibration. In the first case, the time of exposure to the surface and design of the device: F, T mbst, 1 4 and in the second. FIG. Figure 1 shows the characteristic shape of a mechanical compression pulse; in fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating the mechanism for separating particles of a transported substance from a load-carrying surface; Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for moving substances; in fig. 4 shows circuit options for group connection of inductors. The method is as follows. The load-carrying surface is reported by single impact pulses, mainly in the form of tooth-shaped compression pulses shown in FIG. 1: where C is the velocity of the pulse wave front; pulse / 1 pulse force (pulse pressure); imp pulse duration. Such a pulse shape is an op. optimum and gives a more effective effect on the transported substance. Upon reflection of a specified impulse from the free surface of a system of a structure — a free-flowing substance, it becomes a stretching impulse, which, moving from the free surface deep into the substance, causes it to detach from the load. its surface (fig. 2), where the normal compressive stress, caused by the pulse load; area of compression in the material; stretch area in the material; normal tensile stress caused by the reflection of a pressure pulse from a free surface; particle movement speed; the element of the load-carrying surface, the V element of the granular substance placed on the load-carrying surface; V, 1, I1 - successive phases of the process, separated by time (I - the beginning of the process). During pauses, energy is accumulated, which makes it possible to obtain a pulse power exceeding the power of the current source. The degree of power increase depends on the ratio of the values of the pulse time and the pause time. It is advisable that the pulse duration is 0.001-0.25 of the period of natural oscillations of the structure, and the pause duration is 100-10000 times longer than the pulse duration. The device for moving substances consists of electromagnetic inductors of eddy currents 1 (Fig. 3) located near the load-carrying surface 2 on which the moving substance 3 is located. Electromagnetic inductors of eddy currents 1 through thyristors 4 are connected to an electrical current source 5, containing the drive, electrical energy, such as a capacitor (not shown). The control electrodes of the thyristors 4 are connected to a program switch b. It is possible to connect several neighboring inductors to one thyristor. In case the load-carrying surface is made of non-metallic materials, it is necessary to embed metal elements into it. The operation of the device is as follows. When switching on the electric source 5 and the program switch 6, the thyristors 4 receive alternately control commands. When opening the thyristor 4, the current source 5 is discharged to the corresponding inductor (or group of inductors). The discharge pulse of a current, a hike on an inductor, creates in its immediate vicinity, a pulse of electromagnetically across it, causing an elastic deformation with large inertial forces in the load carrying surface 2. These forces discard substance 3 from the load-carrying surface, causing it to tear off and move. When falling back the substance moves horizontally for a certain distance and falls into the zone of action of the next inductor. It is thrown up and moved again. The periodicity of the on-line inductors located along the load-carrying surface will allow the substance to be transported for a considerable distance at very low power. The present invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the power required for moving and transporting substances, and to apply it in difficult conditions - sticking and freezing of substances, when other methods and devices for displacement are inefficient. Claim 1. Method of moving substances, mainly granular, based on the excitation of elastic deformations in the load-carrying surface, characterized in that, in order to reduce the power costs of moving the load, the excitation of elastic deformations in the load-carrying surface is carried out by acting on it by single impulses of compression, the toothlike Forms with a duration of 0.0010, 25 periods of natural oscillations of the structure with a pause between pulses more than a pulse duration 100-10000 times, while during the pauses they accumulate energy of the subsequent impulse. . 2. The method according to claim 1, which differs from the fact that the impulse action creates impulses of an elec: magnetic field in groups, synchronously at several points of the load bearing surface. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Toncharevich I.F. Vibrating screens and conveyors, Tosgortehizdat, M., 1960, p. 38.63. 2. USSR author's certificate number 416301, cl. B 65 G 27/12, 17.08.71. f tlHlt F R F1 / 9.2 w