SU860565A1 - Woven band for damping impact load and method for making the same - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the textile industry, and more specifically to the weaving industry, and relates to a woven tape for absorbing shock loads, which can be used for the manufacture of transport safety belts, insurance files for fitters, and any other energy-absorbing elements. , Known woven. Tape for absorbing shock loads used in seat belts. This tape consists of the first high-stretch yarn of the base of medium breaking strength, the second and third threads of the base of low breaking strength, a little stretchable base of medium breaking strength and medium-stretch base or base of high breaking strength and low stretch compared to the breaking strength and stretchability first warp thread. The weft thread has a medium tensile strength and high extensibility. All the warp threads are strong enough and do not tear until the applied initial load reaches 200-1000 kgf. The warp threads have sufficient breaking strength to not extend in proportion to the increase in load. With an increase, the load is above a certain value, the second and third warp threads are successively and repeatedly broken, but the shape of the fabric is maintained by the first thread of the USNO and weft until the stretch reaches a certain value after it reaches the specified initial load. Further, the fabric lengthens with no increase in applied load. After removal of the load, the fabric does not immediately acquire its original shape due to the impact of the first and second strands of the base, which gives the fabric a stepwise elasticity. Curve load - fabric deformation takes the form of a parallelogram. The main disadvantages of the known woven tapes are the need to select or special manufacture several groups of threads with specified breaking strength and elongation, since in the tape it is known to use different threads in its base. The use of threads with different properties to make a ribbon necessitates a high-precision adjustment of their tension in the process of fabrication, and the tension is different for each group. - The rupture of the second and third main thread systems does not completely absorb the impact energy, and the first warp threads receive a dynamic load significantly exceeding the breaking load. The load of the second and third systems. This leads to incomplete energy dissipation and the transfer of excessive power loads on the first main thread system, which is undesirable. In such a tape structure it is difficult to foresee, and even more so to calculate the number of multiple breaks in the second and third systems of the main threads, and therefore it is difficult to foresee and calculate their energy intensity. A belt for seat-belts, also known as a woven fabric, holds one or several individual indicator threads with shorter and shorter strands among the warp threads, which can be arranged in any shape. places along the belt, said yarns being torn when the remaining yarns are subjected to excessive loads corresponding to 1/5 to 1/3 of the breaking load of the tape. Due to their small number, indicator threads cannot provide a sufficiently high margin of safety, and therefore woven ribbons of this type cannot step by step extinguish significant shock loads 2. A similar fabric / 1Ta for safety belts with indicator yarns is also known from the USSR author's certificate SZ. . One of the original solutions of the woven tape for damping the shock to the tacks should be considered to be the tape that is used as a parachute system / subsystem. This tape consists of a combination of the first system of the warp yarns intended for breaking under the application of force, and the second system of the warp yarns, together forming a single woven layer. The second baseline system includes groups of threads that are interwoven with groups of weft threads and have a greater free length than the threads of the first base, the threads of the second system of the base should not break under the force, which is achieved by selecting the threads of a given breaking strength. Unbreakable - the basics have a wave-like, which reduces the overall length of the tape. When a load is applied to the tape, the threads of the first base begin to break off sequentially and thereby quench. impact load, while the tape is generally lengthened in steps. The design of the tape is such that when the first base is broken, the threads of the first base do not slip out, but are clamped inside the tape. As a result, when reloading, the threads of the first base will also break and the load will be cleared while the tape will be elongated as a whole 1.4). The disadvantage of this tape is low reliability of operation, since it is impossible to guarantee successive clamping of the first base from the threads. After the first or any subsequent rupture, the possibility of the first warp slipping out and not the rupture is not excluded, and in this case, the effectiveness of damping the shock is reduced. The disadvantages of the known tape include the fact that the edge threads have a length equal to the threads of the first base. Consequently, they will collapse simultaneously with the threads of the first base, which can lead to a weakening of the force that holds the first system down, and to their slippage, and non-breaking. The presence of long main overlaps in the form of loops of non-destructive threads reduces their stability and abrasive loads and can lead to rapid loss of strength during operation, since these threads are not bonded with weft, long main overlaps are less energy-intensive than parts of the tape, where the main the threads are intertwined with weft, since in this case the threads do not have a job, and therefore they are less energy-intensive. In addition, the length of the second main thread system is achieved by filling the weft threads and by increasing the tension of the main threads of the first system, in the form of compensating for the greater stretch of the main threads of the first system after leaving the machine. Such a method has very limited possibilities in obtaining the length of the loops of the required dimensions, and also requires constant monitoring and adjustment of the tension of the main threads of the first and second systems, since it is known that as the main threads with the weaving act, the tension changes. Thus, the known tape has a relatively low reliability and low power consumption of the warp threads forming loops. The aim of the invention is to increase the load on the woven tapes to absorb the impact load by increasing the intensity of the structural elements. The task of the invention is to create a woven tape with controlled elongation characteristics used to absorb shock loads. When a given load is reached, the ability of the tape to elongate will return to a predetermined value, after the 1st, the elongation is strictly limited. After removing the load, the tape does not tend to restore the previous length by reducing; Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing the inventive woven tape. The aim is achieved in that in a woven tape for damping a shock load containing main threads that are torn when a load is applied and non-breaking main and weft threads forming an alternating load. along the length of the tape, frame sections, areas that are torn when a load is applied, and looped sections, which serve to perceive the load after breaking, each of the loop sections, is made of woven cloth breakable warp and weft yarns and covers the corresponding portion of the tape, when the rupture load is applied. The method of making this tape includes forming its sections from the main and weft threads, while maintaining the looped section, it keeps the accumulated frame section in the tissue-forming area, removes the torn main threads from it and weave the unbreakable main and weft threads, forming a looped section, after which the main yarns previously bred are broken into the tissue-forming area and, together with the main and weft threads, are woven into the next frame section, withdrawing from the ZONE-tissue-forming Vani previous frame portion. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the tape, the corresponding implementation of one of the variants of the present invention. To obtain the looped structure of the tape shown in FIG. 1, a part of the warp threads — unbreakable warp threads — have the weave shown in FIG. 2. These warp threads, interlaced with weft threads, form loops that serve to perceive the load after breaking. plots; The other part of the warp has an interlacing shown in figure 3. These warp threads in the place of the joints 1 (Fig. 1, 3) form sections 2 (Fig. 1, 3), torn when a load is applied. The manufacture of such tapes can be divided into the following stages. Stage 1 - made of inter-celled frame section 3 (Fig.1,2, -3b) This part of the tape is made in the usual way of weaving. In this case, all the warp threads are involved. Stage 11 is the manufacture of woven fabric Leites (Fig. 1.2.4, which serves to form a loop 4, which receives the load after the rupture breaks. Section 2 at the junction 1. Fig., 1,3). Moreover, the weaving is performed when the waste disposal device is disconnected and removed from the fabric forming filaments entering the sections torn when a load is applied (phi .4) .1.1-stage - formation of pet.li from the woven section of the tape produced in the TT-by-stage and the formation of a torn section, which is made up of the main threads that make up this section, which coincides with the beginning of the next interstitial section The fabrication of this section of the tape is carried out in the usual way by weaving, i.e., with the included delivery mechanism and all the warp threads participating in the work.The production of the woven section in the second stage and the formation of a loop from it in the third stage is ensured only if hen su.mmarroe tension warp yarns, the incoming portion in the rupture exceeds the total non-splittable tension warp yarns. In addition, the length of the inter-heel section 3 (Fig.1,2,3) or the number of repetitions of rapport in the first stage (Fig.4) should ensure a solid earnings of the main threads entering the section to be torn and exclude them from one loops into another when one of the torn sections is destroyed. The length of the interpetral area depends on the chosen interlacing (it can be any), as well as on the density of the yarns on the base and alternation in the parting on the heats of unbreakable main yarns and main yarns that enter the torn section . It is obvious, for example, that in order to get the minimum interlope area, it is more expedient to choose a plain-bound binding, 1/1 rather than satin, and the density of the yarns on the base should be maximal. The choice of interlacing of all the tape segments depends on the specified indicators of the breaking load of the breaking elements and loops, which take the load after the destruction of the breaking areas, the width of the tape, which is necessary for extinguishing a given impact kinetic energy. When such a load is applied to such a tape, exceeding the specified reading of the tearing areas, the breaking areas begin to tear one by one, ensuring a gradual elongation of the weight due to the unbreakable warp threads, 1 Uniform; loops. The total strength of the unbreakable cores should be greater than the total strength of the main threads entering the ruptured part. If the number of torn sections is sufficient to absorb shock kinetic energy, the load curve of the tape will look like that shown in Fig. 5. From figure 5, it is seen that the restoration of the original length due to elasticity is negligible. After all the tearing areas are destroyed, the ability of the tape to elongate will be determined in accordance with the load curve of the unbreakable warp threads. If the number of sections to be broken is not enough to absorb shock kinetic energy, then the load curve will look like that shown in FIG. 6. For comparison, in FIG. 7. The curve 1, loadings of a usual woven tape is resulted. A comparison of Figures 5, 6, 7 shows that the ability to absorb impact kinetic energy in ribbons made in accordance with the invention (Fig. 5. b) is significantly higher than the similar ability of ribbons made in the conventional weaving method (Fig. 7). The nature of the load curve shown in Fig. 5.b is close to the ideal load curve of tapes designed as absorbers. shock kinetic energy. This curve, apparently should have the form shown in Fig.8. In an ideal tape, the release of the load after the absorption of the entire impact kinetic energy should occur without the tape striving to reduce and restore its original length. Above, an example was given of the looped structure of the tape, made on the basis of a single-layer weave of 1/1. As already mentioned, there can be any interlacing of the interfix and loop. A large number of variants of tapes of a looped structure are monstrously obtained, for example, on the basis of multilayer weaves. Fig. Ea is a diagram of the structure of the tape on the basis of a two-layer weave with a binder base. In this structure, the role of torn areas 2 mo. For example, threading the warp threads of the warp, and unbreakable warp threads are interlaced with a usual bag weave. A filling pattern for such an interlacing is shown in Fig. 9 (b). The repetition is the necessary number of times a rapport in the first stage, making the interlope area. Then, by disconnecting the output mechanism in the second stage, the necessary length of the woven section of the tape of unbreakable main yarns is acquired, and the bridging main threads entering the ruptured section are removed from the fabrication zone. In the third stage, which coincides with the beginning of the manufacture of the next interlope area in the first flock, a loop is formed from the unbreakable main loops and a torn section. In order to create a loop better, it is sometimes advisable to turn on the delivery mechanism with a delay of several weft inserts, as shown in Fig. 9c.

The location of the loops may be the most diverse (FIG. UL. Their location depends on where the main threads in the ruptured section are located in the second stage. If they are removed from the fabric-forming area downwards, then a loop will form from above if they are outputted up, then the loop is formed from below. The sequence of forming loops depends on the pattern of the capabilities of the loom.

The length of the ruptured areas may vary. This can be achieved by activating the transport mechanism in the second stage. Moreover, the inclusion of the commodity removal mechanism can be made at any time and in any sequence. A schematic view of such a tape and options for a refueling pattern are shown in FIG. 11. The length of the torn section 1 (Fig. Na, c) will depend on the number of weft breaks in the second stage, made with it turned on. pickup mechanism {11, b

 d)

The length of the ruptured areas can also be adjusted by a combination of the tension of the unbreakable main and base yarns entering the ruptured area. While maintaining the general pattern of combination of the tension of these groups of threads, indicated above, an increase in the tension of the unbreakable main threads or the weakening of the tension of the torn main threads leads to an increase in the length of the broken sections.

For: increasing the energy of the tape, the tearing sections 2 can be fixed on certain sections 5,. as shown in the diagram of Fig. 14, so that, after the destruction of one of the tearing sections 2, the elongation of the tape occurred while pulling the threads entering the tearing section through the securing sections 5 of Fig. 14 ). the size of the fixing area, its interlacing should ensure the force of pulling the main threads entering the ruptured area, which does not reveal the strength of the ruptured area. It is natural that the number of securing sections, their location in the section being torn, can be any and depends on the pattern-forming possibilities of the loom.

Tensile strength can be different. On Fig shows the diagram and the refueling pattern of the tape, in which the tearing areas have different strengths. This is achieved by the fact that a part of the main threads entering the ruptured area in the loop

6 (Fig. 12. goes into the group of unbreakable warp threads, and in loops x

7 (Fig. 12j enters the section to be torn off. The number of sections to be torn having different strengths, and also

Their combination can be any n depends on the pattern-forming capabilities of the loom. The load curve of flax shown in Fig. 12 has the form shown in Fig. 13.

In order to improve the technological process of weaving and to provide adjustable weft density during the manufacture of the woven section of the BO strip of the 11th stage, you can use the method of gradual reduction of the Maha batana towards the edge of the fabric. In this case, the three stages described above — the making of the tape — will have the following form.

Stage 1 is the fabrication of the interlope area 3 (Figures 1, 2, 3v. This part of the tape is made in the usual way of weaving. In this case, all the warp threads are involved.

11a. Stage - fabrication of the woven section of the tape (Figs. 1, 2, 4J, which serves to form a flying 4, which receives the load after the breaking of the breaking section 2 at the junction 1 (Fig. 1.3). Weaving is carried out with a disconnection of goods The device is removed from the fabric-forming area of the threads included in the sections torn when the load is applied (Fig. 4) and decreases the mach of the batana in the direction of the tape onyiuk replacing the speed of withdrawing the accumulated tape by the wearer.

GI-stage - the formation of a loop from the woven section of the tape acquired in the 11th stage and the formation of the section to be broken, the section consisting of. .i of the main threads entering this area, coinciding with the beginning of the manufacture of the next interlope area. The manufacture of this section of the belt is carried out by the weaving method, i.e. with the included commodity mechanism, participation in the work of all the warp threads and the restoration of the full Maha baht.

The technical and economic efficiency of an iopoleEan invention is as follows

In safety devices of type VM for oil workers with an insurance file made of. tapes LTKkr-36-2000

the tape is made by the usual weaving method, the tape width is 36 mm, strength 2000 kgf). The dynamic load per c is required when dummy weighing 85 kg from a height of two meters is 800 kgf. The use of the proposed looped structure as an insurance file will reduce the dynamic load by 2-3 times.

A tape of the type LKR-65 is being produced at the present time; it is working on tearing at a load of 65 kgs,

has an elongation of 100%. In order to obtain a force for breaking 250 kgf, the LCR-65 tape is mixed in four folds. The weight of one meter of such a composition is 148 g. As the calculations show, using the invention will make it possible to obtain a tape with an effort to tear (tear) the ruptured elements of 250 kgf, an elongation of the tape at a break of 100% with a weight of one meter not exceeding 40 g, which is 3.7 times lighter than the composition tape LKR-65.

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Claims (2)

1. A woven tape for absorbing shock loading, containing the warp threads that are torn apart when the load is applied, and warp and weft threads that are unbreakable when the load is applied, forming frame sections alternating along the length of the tape, sections that are torn when the load is applied. and loop sections serving to absorb the load after rupture, characterized in that, in order to increase the reliability of its operation, each of the loop sections is woven from indissoluble warp and weft threads and covers the corresponding portion of the tape that is torn when the load is applied. 2. A method of manufacturing a tape according to claim 1, by forming its sections from the main and weft threads, about l and h and yu. and s. I: by the fact that during the formation of the loop section, the accumulated frame section is held in the fabric formation zone, jg the tearable warp threads are removed from it and the indissoluble warp and weft threads are intertwined, forming a ι loop region, after which previously removed tearable warp threads are introduced into the tissue formation zone and together with indissoluble warp and weft yarns, the next frame section is woven, diverting the previous frame section from the tissue formation zone.