SU855880A1

SU855880A1 - Synchronous electric motor

Info

Publication number: SU855880A1
Application number: SU792814432A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Александр Иванович Краснопевцев; Владимир Викторович Вуколов; Александр Давидович Усыскин; Валентин Наумович Дегтярев
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я А-3304
Priority date: 1979-08-30
Filing date: 1979-08-30
Publication date: 1981-08-15
Also published as: SU1138894A1

Description

Изобретение относится к электрическим машинам, а именно к микромашинам систем автоматики.The invention relates to electric machines, namely to micromachines of automation systems.

Известны синхронные электродвигатели, содержащие сосредоточенную обмотку, состоящую из четырех равномерно распределенных по окружности катушек, установленных между торцами дисков магнитопровода, снабженного вырезами, и постоянными магнитами, намаг-Known synchronous motors containing a concentrated winding, consisting of four coils uniformly distributed around the circumference, installed between the ends of the disks of the magnetic circuit, equipped with cutouts, and permanent magnets, magnet

I ниченными в направлении оси вращения ротора, образующего торцевой воздушный зазор с магнитопроводом [1]·» Основными недостатками известных двигателей являются-s неудовлетворительные динамические характеристики,, технологическая сложность и трудоемкость изготовления, а также невысокая надежность. Неудовлетворительные динамические характеристики обусловлены j большой массой ротора. В случае использования таких двигателей в качестве синхронно-импульсных приходится ограничиваться лишь самыми малыми габаритами при низкой частоте следования импульсов, так как при увеличении частоты следования импульсоц неизбежно возникновение сбоев в работе, поскольку массивный ротор не успева⁵ ет за малый промежуток времени между двумя импульсами занять устойчивое положение для готовности к совершению следующего шага из-за, слишком медленно затухающих колебаний вокруг положе16 ния равновесия, возникающих после отработки ^предыдущего шага. Следствием наличия множества магнитов на роторе является технологическая сложность. Подбор одинаковых по силе и размерам магнитов, установка их равномерно по окружности ротора, балансировка сложного ротора со значительной массой причина большой трудоемкости извест2Ф ного двигателя.I nitshennymi in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor, forming the end air gap with the magnetic circuit [1] · "The main disadvantages of the known engines are -s unsatisfieddynamic dynamics, technological complexity and laboriousness of manufacturing, as well as low reliability. Poor dynamic performance due to j large mass of the rotor. In the case of using such engines as synchronous-pulse ones, it is necessary to be limited to only the smallest dimensions at a low pulse repetition rate, since with an increase in the pulse repetition rate, malfunctions are inevitable, since the massive rotor did not have time⁵ in a short period of time between two pulses, it takes a stable position in order to be ready to take the next step due to oscillations too slowly damped around the equilibrium position that arise after practicing the previous step. The consequence of the presence of many magnets on the rotor is technological complexity. The selection of magnets with the same strength and size, their installation uniformly around the circumference of the rotor, the balancing of a complex rotor with significant mass is the reason for the great laboriousness of the well-known motor.

Наиболее близким к заявленному техническому решению по технической сущности и достигаемому эффекту является синхронный электродвигатель, со3 держащий статор с магнитопроводом в виде двух дисков, два явнополюсных ротора, оси вращения которых параллельны, а валы связаны кинематически и расположены между витками обмотки, выполненной в виде коаксиально расположенных катушек. У известного двигателя кольцевые постоянные магниты, имеющие по одной паре полюсов^ расположены на валах, которые установлены между двумя катушками обмотки. Такое исполнение оптимально при двухполюсных магнитах Г2].The closest to the claimed technical solution in terms of technical nature and the achieved effect is a synchronous electric motor containing a stator with a magnetic circuit in the form of two disks, two explicitly polar rotors whose rotation axes are parallel and the shafts are kinematically connected and are located between coils of the winding, made in the form of coaxially arranged coils. The known motor has permanent ring magnets having one pair of poles ^ located on the shafts that are installed between two winding coils. This design is optimal with bipolar magnets G2].

Однако, если требуется уменьшить шаг поворота, то в известном двигателе с ростом числа пар полюсов Mai— нита растет и количество катушек, которое для рационального использования машины целесообразно принимать равнымHowever, if it is necessary to reduce the turning step, then in the known engine with an increase in the number of pairs of Mai-pole poles, the number of coils also grows, which, for rational use of the machine, should be taken equal to

р. С ростом числа полюсов магнита у известного двигателя необходимо уменьшать кривизну катушек для избежания уменьшения КПД, а это связано с увеличением расстояния между магнитами и в конечном счете также приводит к снижению использования машины по величине синхронизирующего момента, приходящегося на единицу объема электродвигателя, снижению КПД.R. With an increase in the number of magnet poles of a known motor, it is necessary to reduce the curvature of the coils to avoid a decrease in efficiency, and this is due to an increase in the distance between the magnets and ultimately also leads to a decrease in the use of the machine in terms of the synchronizing moment per unit volume of the electric motor, and a decrease in efficiency.

Цель изобретения - повышение синхро, низирующего момента на единицу объема· и КПД двигателя.The purpose of the invention is to increase the synchro, lowering moment per unit volume · and engine efficiency.

Указанная цель достигается тем, что катушки выполнены овальной формы и валы роторов размещены в отверстии внутренней катушки.This goal is achieved by the fact that the coils are oval and the rotor shafts are placed in the hole of the inner coil.

Роторы могут бВтть выполнены в виде многополюсных постоянных магнитов, намагниченных аксиально, а число катушек обмотки выполнено равным половине числа пар полюсов каждого из роторов.The rotors can be made in the form of multi-pole permanent magnets magnetized axially, and the number of winding coils is made equal to half the number of pole pairs of each of the rotors.

В одном из дисковых магнитопроводов могут быть выполнены отверстия с зубцами, роторы выполнены зубчатыми из ферромагнитного материала и размещены в отверстиях магнитопровода, а между магнитопроводами с внешней стороны обмотки установлены постоянные магниты, намагниченные аксиально в одинаковых направлениях.Holes with teeth can be made in one of the disk magnetic cores, the rotors are made of gears made of ferromagnetic material and placed in the holes of the magnetic circuit, and permanent magnets magnetically axially aligned in the same directions are installed between the magnetic circuits on the outside of the winding.

На фиг. 1 представлен двигатель, общий, вид; на фиг. 2 - то же, в плане; на фиг. 3 - модификация двигателя; на фиг. 4 - то же, в плане; на фиг.5 поясняется принцип работы двигателя на фиг. 1-2; на фиг. 6 - еще одна модификация двигателя.In FIG. 1 shows an engine, general view; in FIG. 2 - the same in plan; in FIG. 3 - engine modification; in FIG. 4 - the same in plan; figure 5 explains the principle of operation of the engine in fig. 1-2; in FIG. 6 - another modification of the engine.

Синхронный электродвигатель (фиг.1) содержит обмотку, состоящую из двух катушек ! и 2. Катушки 1 и 2 расположены коаксиально друг- другу. Они расположены между торцами двух постоянных магнитов 3, 4 и двух дисков маг₅ нитопровода 5 и 6. Восьмиполюспые кольцевые магниты 3 и 4 с.идят на валах 7 и 8 и являются роторами двигателя. Направление намагничивания магнитов 3 и 4 - вдоль осей валов 7 и 8.Synchronous electric motor (figure 1) contains a winding consisting of two coils! and 2. Coils 1 and 2 are coaxial to each other. They are located between the ends of two permanent magnets 3, 4 and two disks of magician _{5 of the} nitro line 5 and 6. Eight-half-ring annular magnets 3 and 4 c. Are mounted on shafts 7 and 8 and are rotors of the engine. The direction of magnetization of magnets 3 and 4 is along the axes of the shafts 7 and 8.

Валы 7 и 8 установлены между параллельными участками витков, принадлежащих внутренней катушке 2. Валы 7 и 8 параллельны друг другу и связаны между собою кинематически посредст- вом зубчатых колес 9, 10 и 11. Диски магнитопровода 5 и 6 запрессованы в немагнитное основание 12, которое соединено с немагнитным мостом 13 посредством колонок 14. Вращающий мо'₂₀ мент двигателя передается с помощью триба 15, сидящего на выходном валу 16. В модификации описываемого двигателя (фиг. 3) магниты 17 и 18 установлены между торцами дисков магнито₂₅ провода 5 и 6. Здесь обмотки 1 и 2 размещены между дисками магнитопровода 5 и 6. В отверстиях 19 магнитопровода 6 размещены ферромагнитные роторы 20 и 21, каждый из которых снабжен четырьмя зубцами 22. По окружнос³⁰ ти дисков магнитопровода 5 и 6 установлено немагнитное кольцо 23, служащее корпусом.The shafts 7 and 8 are installed between parallel sections of the turns belonging to the inner coil 2. The shafts 7 and 8 are parallel to each other and kinematically connected by means of gears 9, 10 and 11. The disks of the magnetic circuit 5 and 6 are pressed into a non-magnetic base 12, which is connected to the axle 13 by means of nonmagnetic columns 14. The rotating mo 'ment motor ₂₀ is transmitted via pinion 15, seated on the output shaft of the engine 16. In the modification described (FIG. 3) magnets 17 and 18 are mounted between the faces of magnetic disks _25, wires 5 and 6 Here is a winding 1 and 2 are arranged between the magnetic disks 5 and 6. The apertures 19 of the magnetic circuit 6 has ferromagnetic rotors 20 and 21, each of which is provided with four teeth 22. As the circles ³⁰ minute magnetic discs 5 and 6 is mounted a non-magnetic ring 23 which serves as the housing.

Двигатель работает следующим образом.The engine operates as follows.

³⁵ п ³⁵ p

При подаче напряжения на катушки 1 и 2 витки обмоток создают магнитный поток, взаимодействующий с потоком магнитов 3 и 4. В зависимости от полярности тока результирующий магнитный поток усиливается или ослабляется. Магниты 3 и 4 стремятся занять такое положение, при котором их магнитные потоки и магнитные потоки, созданные катушками 1 и 2 совпадают по направлению, поворачиваясь при этом более, чем на полшага, т.е. более чем 7(/8. При отсутствии тока в катушках 1 и 2 под действием реактивного момента, обусловленного за счет специальных ⁵⁰ вырезов в нем (не показаны) асимметрией магнитопровода 5, роторы 3 и 4 доворачиваются до нового устойчивого положения, т.е. до шага, равного π 14. Далее процесс повторяется.When voltage is applied to coils 1 and 2, the turns of the windings create a magnetic flux interacting with the flux of magnets 3 and 4. Depending on the polarity of the current, the resulting magnetic flux is amplified or weakened. Magnets 3 and 4 tend to occupy a position in which their magnetic fluxes and magnetic fluxes created by coils 1 and 2 coincide in direction, while turning more than half a step, i.e. more than 7 (/ 8. In the absence of current in coils 1 and 2 under the action of a reactive moment, due to the special ⁵⁰ cuts in it (not shown) by the asymmetry of magnetic circuit 5, rotors 3 and 4 are turned to a new stable position, i.e. to the step equal to π 14. Then the process is repeated.

⁵⁵ В модификациях двигателя (фиг. 3 и 4) при отсутствии тока в катушках реактивный момент обусловлен зубчатостью роторов 20 и 21. ⁵⁵ In engine modifications (Figs. 3 and 4) in the absence of current in the coils, the reactive moment is due to the gearing of the rotors 20 and 21.

8585

Величина синхронизирующего момента зависит от отношения расстояния между роторами к диаметру роторов для данной конструкции двигателя. В двигателе по данному изобретению за счет овальной формы катушек i и 2 и размещения валов 7 и 8 внутри катушек 1 и 2 это соотношение может быть более благоприятным и позволяет повысить синхронизирующий момент и КПД двигателя .The magnitude of the synchronizing moment depends on the ratio of the distance between the rotors to the diameter of the rotors for a given engine design. In the engine according to this invention, due to the oval shape of the coils i and 2 and the placement of the shafts 7 and 8 inside the coils 1 and 2, this ratio can be more favorable and can increase the synchronizing moment and engine efficiency.

Claims

(54) SYNCHRONOUS ELECTRIC MOTOR The invention relates to electric machines, namely micromachinery automation systems. Synchronous electric motors are known that contain a concentrated winding consisting of four uniformly distributed circumferentially coils installed between the ends of the magnetic core disks provided with notches and permanent magnets magnetized in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotor forming the end air gap with the magnetic core j. The main disadvantages of the known engines are -; unsatisfactory dynamic characteristics, technological complexity and laboriousness of manufacture, as well as low reliability. The unsatisfactory dynamic characteristics are due to the large mass of the rotor. If such motors are used as synchronous-pulsed, they should be limited only by the smallest dimensions with a low pulse frequency, since an increase in the pulse frequency leads to the inevitable occurrence of malfunctions, since the massive rotor does not have time for a short time between two pulses. position to be ready to commit the next step due to, too slowly decaying oscillations around the equilibrium position arising after working out / 1predy his step. The consequence of the presence of many magnets on the rotor is technological complexity. Selection of magnets of the same strength and size, installing them evenly around the circumference of the rotor, balancing a complex rotor with a significant mass is the cause of the great laboriousness of a known engine. The closest to the claimed technical solution to the technical essence and the achieved effect is a synchronous electric motor containing a stator with a magnetic circuit in the form of two disks, two opposite-pole rotors, the axes of rotation of which are parallel, and the shafts are connected kinematically and are located between the turns of the winding made in the form coaxially arranged coils. In a known motor, ring permanent magnets having one pair of poles are located on shafts that are installed between two winding coils. This design is optimal for bipolar magnets 2J. However, if it is required to reduce the pitch of a turn, then in a known engine with an increase in the number of pole pairs max, the number of coils also grows, which for rational use of the machine is advisable to be equal to p. As the number of poles of the magnet increases, a well-known engine needs to reduce the curvature to avoid decreasing efficiency, and this is due to the increase in the distance between the magnets and in the Final Account also leads to a decrease in the use of the machine by the amount of non-synchronizing moment that comes in a unit volume of the electric motor. , decrease in efficiency. The purpose of the invention is to increase the sync torque per unit volume and engine efficiency. This goal is achieved by the fact that the coils are oval-shaped and the rotor shafts are placed in the hole of the inner coil. The rotors can be made into multipole permanent magnets, magnetically axial, and the number of winding coils is equal to equal to half the number of pole pairs of each of the rotors. The holes with teeth can be made into one of the disk magnetic circuits, the rotors are made of ferromagnetic material and the teeth are made of ferromagnetic material. In the openings of the magnetic circuit, and between the magnetic cores on the outer side of the coils, permanent magnets magnetized axially in identical directions are installed. FIG. 1 shows the engine, general, view; in fig. 2 - the same in terms of; in fig. 3 shows a modification of the engine in FIG. 4 - the same in terms of; FIG. 5 shows the principle of operation of the engine in FIG. 1-2; in fig. 6 - another engine modification. Synchronous electric motor (Fig. Contains a winding consisting of two 04 coils t and 2 coils. Coils 2 are located coaxially to each other. They are located between the ends of the two permanent magnets 3 and 4 and two disks of the magnetic circuit 5 and 6. Eight-pole annular The magnets 3 and 4 are mounted on the shafts 7 and 8 and are the rotors of the engine.The magnetization direction of the magnets 3 and 4 is along the axes of the shafts 7 and 8. The shafts 7 and 8 are mounted between parallel sections of turns belonging to the inner coil 2. Shafts 7 and 8 parallel to each other and connected to each other by kinematic and by means of Gears 9, 0, and 11. The disks of magnetic circuit 5 and 6 are pressed into a nonmagnetic base 12, which is connected to a nonmagnetic bridge 13. By means of columns 14. The engine torque is transmitted through tribe 15 sitting on the output shaft 16. In a modification of the described The motor (Fig. 3) magnets 17 and 18 are installed between the ends of the disks of the magnetic circuit 5 and 6. Here, windings 1 and 2 are placed between the disks of the magnetic circuit 5 and 6. In the holes 19 of the magnetic circuit 6 there are ferromagnet / rotor rotors 20 and 21, each of which supplied with four prongs and 22. According to the magnetic disk circumference 5 and 6 is arranged non-magnetic ring 23 which serves as the housing. The engine works as follows. When voltage is applied to coils 1 and 2, the turns of the windings create a magnetic flux interacting with the flux of magnets 3 and 4. Depending on the polarity of the current, the resulting magnetic flux is amplified or attenuated. Magnets 3 and 4 tend to occupy a position in which the magnetic fluxes and magnetic fluxes created by the coils 1 and 2 coincide in direction, turning more than half a step, i.e. more than 8. In the absence of current in coils 1 and 2 under the action of the reactive moment due to special cuts in it (not shown) by the asymmetry of the magnetic circuit 5, the rotors 3 and 4 turn to a new stable position, i.e. to step equal to / 4. The process then repeats. In engine modifications (Figs. 3 and 4), in the absence of current in the coils, the reactive torque is due to the serration of the rotors 20 and 21. The amount of synchronizing torque depends on the ratio of the distance between the rotors and the diameter of the rotors for a given engine design. In the engine of the present invention, due to the oval shape of the coils 1 and 2 and the placement of the shafts 7 and 8 inside the coils 1 and 2, this ratio may be more favorable and allows for an increase in the synchronizing torque and engine efficiency. Claim 1. Synchronous motor containing a stator with a magnetic circuit in the form of two disks, two --- pole-pole rotors, the rotation axes of which are parallel, and the shafts are connected kinematically and are located between coils of the winding, made in the form of coaxially arranged coils, characterized in that In order to increase the synchronizing moment per unit volume of the engine and its efficiency, the coils are made oval in shape and the halls of the rotors are placed in the hole of the ugly coil. 2. An electric motor as claimed in claim 1, that is, that the rotors are made in the form of multi-pole constant {magnet, magnetized axially, and the number of windings is equal to {half the number of poles of each of the rotors. 3. The electric motor according to claim 1, 1, and 4, and with the fact that in one of the disk magnetic cores there are holes with teeth, the rotors are made of gears made of ferromagnetic material and placed in the holes of the magnetic magnet, and between the magnetic cores with external storok; windings are mounted permanent magnets magnetized axially in the same directions. Information sources taken into account during the examination 1.Patent of France S-- 2149673, cl. H 02 K 21/08, 1973.

2. USSR author's certificate K-60731, cl. H 02 K 21/24, 1978.

/ J