SU851420A2 - Device for electric signal differentiation - Google Patents

Description

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The invention relates to specialized computational tools, can be used to hardware determine the characteristics of random processes and make recommendations for measuring or controlling these processes and is an improvement on the known device for measuring the correlation ratio of two random processes (according to copyright certificate No. 696488),

According to the main auth. No. 696488 discloses a device comprising a voltage input terminal for implementing a first random process fy (P centering filter, pulse amplitude modulators (YIM), a voltage input terminal for implementing a second random process t) a comparison unit, a source of constant voltage, a delay element and pulse impulses, pulse sequence averagers, electronic switch, voltage-time interval converter, time selector, accumulating pulse counter, quadrator, squared averager Nogo voltage converter voltage-period.

a pulse generator, a timesector, a lecturer, a frequency divider, a close contact with self-return, a unit for determining the expectation, a unit for determining the standard deviation, a computing unit, a dividing unit, a comparison unit and a display unit. The device makes it possible to determine the possibility of non-measurable or non-controlling one of two stochastically interdependent random processes with continuous measurement or control of another random process.

The disadvantage of this device is that. it cannot determine the possibility of unmeasured or non-controlling one of the two stochastically interrelated random)

20 processes for discrete measurement or control of another random process.

The purpose of the invention is to expand its functionality beyond

25, the calculation of the variance of the error of restoration, which makes it possible to formulate recommendations for not measuring or non-controlling the random process x (t) with the available

There is a 30 information about the behavior of not only the uncheckedly controlled or measured random process y (t), but also with its discrete measurement or control. The feasibility of solving tszschachi can be caused, firstly, by the slow nature of the change in random processes in the second / the fact that the number of measurement channels can be less than the number of sensors measuring analogs (controlled) random variables. In the known device, the reciprocal entropy error d xy is used to determine the values of the random process i (through the known continuous values of the random process y (t) is estimated by the formula () 42b5r (i) relative entropy-XY to the measurement error of the realization of the random process y (t); respectively, the mathematical expectation (MO) and the standard deviation (RMS) of the random process x (t); the correlation ratio of the random processes (t) and (t). The RMS error recovery of the random process x (t) due to the random process y (t) o The following expression is defined. The chc-e k is the entropy coefficient for the error, which varies from 1.73 (with a uniform distribution) to 2.07 (a normal distribution). The total variance of the restoration error with regard to the sampling error is determined by the following expression ( in this case, a well-founded assumption is made on the independence of the components b),., where djt is a parameter in the exponent of the autocorrelation function of the random process x (t); t g is the sampling interval of the random process y (t). The goal is achieved by introducing a correlator, quad, switch, summator and multi-input multiplication unit whose output is connected to the first input of the adder, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the quad, in the device for measuring the correlation ratio of the two case processes. The second output of which is connected to the first input of the multi-input multiplication unit, the second input of which is the fifth input of the device, and the third input is connected to the output of the correlator whose input is connected to the second input of the device The first output of the division unit is connected to the first input of the switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the adder, the output of the switch is connected to the input of the comparison unit, the second input of the quadrator is connected to the second output of the division unit. The squaring block squaring the b and 235 t values. A group of work blocks is needed to determine the first term of formula (3). The correlator serves to estimate the parameter dj of the autocorrelation function of a random process x (t). The adder estimates the value. The switch is required to connect to the comparison unit and the output of the device of either the adder or the division unit depending on how the random process y (t) is measured: discretely or continuously. The drawing shows a block diagram of the proposed device for measuring the correlation ratio of two random processes. The input terminal 1 is the voltage of the realization of the first random Process through the centering filter 2 connected to the signal inputs of the modulator (DIM) 3. The input terminal of the voltage of the implementation of the second. process 4 through the comparison node 5 is connected to the outputs of a constant voltage source 6. The outputs of the comparison node 5 are connected to the control inputs of the modulators 3 h through a delay and pulse shaping element 7 Through the averagers of pulse sequences 8 are connected to the inputs of commutating values of the electronic switch 9, the output of which is connected to the main input of the converter over a time interval 10 connected via the first input of the time selector 11 to the input of the accumulating pulse counter 12. The inputs of the modulators 3 through the quad 13 14, and the voltage converter 15 is connected to the second inputs of the time selector 11. The pulse generator output 16 is connected to the first the time selector 17, the output of which is connected in parallel with the input of frequency divider 18 and the control inputs of switch 8 and quadratic converter 10. Output of divider frequency 18 is connected to the single trigger input 19, to the zero input of the trigger 19 make contact with self-return 20 is connected to the generator output 16. A single trigger output is connected to the second input of the time selector 17. The input terminal 4 of the voltage for implementing the second random process is also connected to the inputs of the expectation 21 block Nor and the unit 22 for determining the standard deviation, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the second and first inputs of the computing unit 23. The third input of the unit 23 is the third input of the device, the fourth input is connected to the output of the accumulating pulse counter 12, and the output to the first input of the division unit 24 The second input is the fourth input of the device. The first output of the block 24 is connected to the first input of the switch 25, and the second output to the input of the squaring block 26 a second input of the block 26 is also connected to the output of the block 22 for determining the standard deviation, the first VYHF1 to the input of the first block of the group 27 of the work and the second to the first adder 28. One of the inputs of the second production unit of group 27 is the fifth input of the device, the other input is connected to the output of the first block of group 27, and the output is connected to the first input of the third block of group 27, the second input of which It is connected to the output of the correlator 29 and the output to the second input of the adder 28. The input of the correlator 29 is connected to the input terminal 4, and the output of the adder 28 to the second input of the switch 25. The output of the switch is connected to the output of the device, as well as through block 30 block 31 display.

A device for measuring the correlation ratio of two random processes works as follows.

The implementation voltage (t) of the first random process is applied to terminal 1 and, after being centered by filter 2, is applied in parallel to the signal inputs of the amplitude-pulse modulators 3 of all channels. The implementation voltage x (t) of the second random process is applied to the input terminal 4 of the comparison node 5. The constant voltages x, x from the source 6 are applied to the inputs of this node. When x (t) is satisfied, the L – th output of the node Comparison 5, a pulse appears, which is delayed by time t by element 7. From the delayed pulse, a standard strobe signal is generated, a rectangular pulse with a certain duration and amplitude, which is brought to the control input of the 3rd modulator 3, on the koToporo signal input there is life 9 (t). At the moment t of supplying a gating signal to the control input of the modulator, at its output a

impulse with amplitude proportional to the voltage value y (ti). As the cases x (t) x are repeated many times, a series of square impulses is sent to the averager 8 of the 1st channel, which is averaged. After a certain time interval has elapsed, the voltage If.j at the output of the i-ro average is proportional to the estimate of BUT Su / x, i.e. the voltages of the centered realization y (t), parallel with the feed to the modulators 3, flow into the quadrant 13 and after quadration they are averaged by the averager 14. The output voltage Uti, the averager 14 after a certain interval has expired is proportional to the variance of the random process, y (t) those. , This voltage is converted by the transducer 15 into pulses with a follow-up period proportional to the voltage C: T., kj k D. They arrive at the second input of the time selector 11, but do not pass into the counter 12 as long as there is no signal at the first input.

. After a fixed time interval, after the device starts operating, the contact with the self-return 20 closes. The first pulse of the generator 16 arriving at the zero input of the trigger 19 transfers the trigger from the position O to the position 1, as a result of which the permitting voltage appears on the second input selector 17. This makes it possible for the interrogation pulses from the generator 16 to the first input 17 to pass to the frequency divider 18, to the control input of the electronic switch 9 and the control input of the converter 10. Pe vy pulses received on the control input of switch 9, connects to main input transducer averager output 10 8 of the first channel. Converter 10 converts the output voltage Ujj. the averager 8 into a rectangular impulse, the duration of which tc is proportional to kvastrata of the incoming voltage, i.e.

l A The received rectangular impulse is supplied to the first input of the time selector 11 and is filled with pulses arriving at the second input of the selector 11 from the converter 15. The pulse counter 12 records the number

., m (° / U.) 3

where kg

"5-wj

The second pulse arriving at the control input of the switch 9 from the selector 17 connects the output of the averager 8 of the second channel to the main input of the converter 10, and a right impulse of duration & tj, which is proportional to the square of the output voltage of the second averager 8. Counter 12 is replenished with the number .y -. In the end of one cycle, which assumes the supply of pulses to the control input of the switch 9, the number 12 is recorded in the counter 12 - 1: s. (/ X) Ji-c) To improve the measurement accuracy, q measurement cycles are provided after which The number counted by the counter is 12, Then the estimate of the correlation ratio, .-) D is determined from the expression ht. The total number of pulses given by the control input of the switch 9 is equal to the recalculation coefficient C of the frequency division 18 (after the supply of C pulses to the input of the splitter on his way out It is a pulse vozvraadagaschy trigger 9 in position O, whereby 11 is locked with the lecturer). If this coefficient is chosen so that С 10Р / К (Р is an integer that is changed by a switch that is not shown in the diagram), then Uv Thus, the number B, counted by the counter, gives a non-average estimate of the measured correlation ratio specifies the position of the comma). This completes the measurement at this delay. The measured value of the correlation ratio is fed to the fourth input of the computing unit 23, to the FIRST AND Secondary Yokodez whose post values are the MSE and MO values of the random process x (t), determined respectively by the unit 22 for determining the standard deviation and the unit 21 for determining the mathematical expectation the basis of information about the random process x (t data from the input terminal 4 to the implementation of this process. To the third input of the computing unit 23, the value of the relative entropy Measuring the implementation of a random process (t). In block 23, the mutual entropy error & xy is calculated, the value of which goes to the first input of the dividing unit 24. The second input of the block 24 sends the value of the entropy measurement error k to dividing unit 24 The MSE of the implementation recovery error, the random process and (t) fc. If the random process implementation y (t) is measured (monitored) continuously, the switch 25 is set to a and the value of b is simultaneously occurring. It is connected to the output of the device for visual control and to the input of the comparison unit 30. Block 30 compares the calculated recovery error with the allowable, oi. and, if .j, then block 30 sends a command to display block 31 to issue a Yes signal (the implementation of the random process y (t) should be measured or monitored), in the case when b4: b d comparison block 30 gives a command to the block 31 indications for outputting a No signal (implementation of a random process x (t) measuring Measure or monitoring impractical). In this case, if there are measured values of the implementation of a random process (t), you can restore the implementation values of a random process 5 (t), for example regression equations with an error not exceeding Tsey is permissible. With such a measurement, y (t) blocks 26-29 in the operation of the device of fate do not take away. In discrete measurement (control) of the random process y (t), the switch 25 is set to position b. The magnitude of the SHOW goes not only to the computing unit 23, but also to the input of the squaring block 26, from the first output of which O $ is sent to the input of the first product of group 27 of the product blocks. Here, the value O, 33fee, transmitted to the second input of the unit 27, The value of the sampling interval of the random process measurement y (t) is sent to the other input of this block from the device input. From the output of this block, the value of 0.33bjtY is applied to the first input of the third block of group 27. The value of the parameters dy is fed to the other input of the third block from the output of the correlator 29. autocorrelation function. The values of the random process x (t) are fed to the input of the correlator 29 co. input terminal 4. At the output of the third block, and, consequently, at the output of block 27, a value of 0.3355 cixtk is formed) corresponding to the variance of the interpolation error in the discretization. This value is fed to the second input of the adder 29, the first input of which is fed from the division unit 24 through the squaring unit 26 to the value L%. The adder 28 is used to determine the total variance of the recovery error f.

Claims (1)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION A device for measuring the correlation ratio of two random processes according to Ivt.sv. No. 696488, characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality by calculating the variance of the recovery error, a correlator, quad-. a rotator, a switch, an adder and a multi-input multiplication unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the adder, the second input of which is connected to the first output of the quadrator ^ the second output of which is connected to the first input of the multi-input unit '5 of multiplication, the second input of which is the fifth input of the device, and the third is connected to the output of the correlator, the input of which is connected to the second input of the device, the first output 20 of the division unit is connected to the first input of the switch, the second input of which is connected to the output of the adder, the output of the switch ator connected to the input of the comparator, the second input 25 of the squarer is connected to the second output of division unit.