SU851094A1

SU851094A1 - Device for determination of deviation from the vertical

Info

Publication number: SU851094A1
Application number: SU792855803A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Константин Иванович Боков; Вильгельм Евгеньевич Кутузов; Сергей Захарович Сергеев
Original assignee: Предприятие П/Я Р-6877
Priority date: 1979-12-19
Filing date: 1979-12-19
Publication date: 1981-07-30

Description

Изобретение относится к измерительной технике, в частности к устройствам для измерения отклонения контролируемой плоскости горизонта, и предназначено для использования преимущественно в крупногабаритном машиностроении.The invention relates to measuring equipment, in particular to devices for measuring the deviation of the controlled horizon plane, and is intended for use mainly in large-scale mechanical engineering.

Известен электролитический уровень, содержащий герметичный корпус, частично заполненный электролитом, газовый пузырек, электроды и цепь обратной .связи, состоящую из усилителя, включенного между входом моста, с сопротивлениями плеч датчика и датчиком компенсационной силы, последний выполнен в виде двух электромагнитов, установленных вне герметичного корпуса, обмотки которых подключены к выходу усилителя демодулятора, двух поплавков с ферромагнитной массой со _астепенью свободы в направлении осей соответствующих электромагнитов, а корпус, электролит и газовый объем разделены герметичной перегородкой на две симметричные части с одним электродом и одним поплавком с ферромагнитной массой в каждой части £1].A known electrolytic level containing a sealed enclosure partially filled with electrolyte, a gas bubble, electrodes and a feedback circuit consisting of an amplifier connected between the bridge inlet with the resistance of the sensor arms and the compensation force sensor, the latter is made in the form of two electromagnets installed outside the sealed cases, the windings of which are connected to the output of the demodulator amplifier, two floats with a ferromagnetic mass with _a degree of freedom in the direction of the axes of the corresponding electromagnets, and the casing, the electrolyte and the gas volume are separated by a sealed partition into two symmetrical parts with one electrode and one float with a ferromagnetic mass in each part of £ 1].

Известно устройство для определения углов отклонения от вертикали, содержащее корпус, подвешенный в нем маятник, преобразователь и измерительный прибор [2].A device for determining angles of deviation from the vertical, comprising a housing, a pendulum suspended in it, a transducer and a measuring device [2].

Наиболее близким по технической сущности и достигаемому результату к предлагаемому является устройство для определения отклонения по вертикали, содержащее корпус, подвешенный в нем маятник, преобразователь и измерительный прибор. Преобразователь выполнен в виде закрепленного в верхней части маятника П-обраэного коромысла с вертикальными плечами, образованными пьезоэлектрическими брусками с системами электродов, к одной из которых подключен генератор электрических колебаний, к другой - измерительный прибор. Чувствительность устройства возрастает и появляется возможность, измерять углы наклона от вертикали в диапазоне от 0 до 1⁰ с меньшей постоянной времени [З].The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed one is a device for determining the vertical deviation, comprising a housing, a pendulum suspended in it, a transducer and a measuring device. The transducer is made in the form of a U-shaped rocker fixed in the upper part of the pendulum with vertical arms formed by piezoelectric bars with electrode systems, one of which is connected to an oscillation generator, and the other is a measuring device. The sensitivity of the device increases and there is the possibility to measure the angles of inclination from the vertical in the range from 0 to 1 to ⁰ at a time constant [W].

При производстве измерений часто приходится соединять визирную трубу и устройство, задающее горизонт или вертикаль. Полученная система увеличивается в размере. С другой стороны, уменьшение размеров маятника ведет к снижению чувствительности устройства jq поскольку сжимающие усилия снижаются, а соединение его, например, с нивелиром вызывает рост габарита всей системы в целом, , в связи с этим создаются определенные трудности при его эк- и сплуатации в производственных условиях. Повышение точности должно здесь идти по пути увеличения веса маятника, что является нежелательным.When making measurements, it is often necessary to connect the sight pipe and a device that sets the horizon or vertical. The resulting system is increasing in size. On the other hand, a decrease in the size of the pendulum leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the jq device, since the compressive forces are reduced, and its connection, for example, with the level causes an increase in the overall system’s overall size, and in this connection certain difficulties arise during its operation and production conditions. Improving accuracy should follow the path of increasing the weight of the pendulum, which is undesirable.

Расположение маятника в опоре соз-,20 дает дополнительную погрешность. Ее увеличивает выполнение приведенной длины маятника.The location of the pendulum in the support of the cos-, 20 gives an additional error. It increases the implementation of the reduced length of the pendulum.

Электрические колебания от генератора вызывают появление гистерезисной 25 петли деформации, хотя при этом ни чувствительность, ни постоянная времени >не уменьшаются, точность Измерения становится ниже и она недостаточна при контроле и задании плос- зо кости горизонта.Electrical vibrations from the generator cause the appearance of a hysteresis 25 strain loop, although neither sensitivity nor the time constant> decreases, the measurement accuracy becomes lower and it is insufficient when controlling and setting the horizontal plane.

Цель изобретения - расширение рабочего диапазона и повышение точности с сохранением высокой чувствительности и малой постоянной времени.The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the operating range and increased accuracy while maintaining high sensitivity and a small time constant.

Поставленная цель достигается тем^ что в устройстве для определения отклонения от вертикали, содержащем корпус„ маятник с грузом, преобразователь пере- ₄₀мещения маятника, выполненный в виде вертикально расположенного пьезоэлектрического бруска с электродами-токосъемниками, подключенными к генератору электрических колебаний и из- ₄$ мерительному прибору, пьезоэлектрический брусок жестко закреплен нижним, концом на основании корпуса посредством звукоизоляционной оправки, а с другим концом бруска соединен сбалансированный груз, расположенный в зоне действия введенной в устройство катушки индуктивности, подключенной к генератору электрических колебаний.The goal is achieved ^ a device for determining the deviation from the vertical, comprising a body "pendulum with a load converter ₄₀ transferred pendulum displacements made in the form of a vertical bar with piezoelectric electrodes, current collectors connected to the generator electrical fluctuations and ₄ $ iz a measuring instrument, the piezoelectric bar is rigidly fixed with its lower end on the base of the body through a soundproof mandrel, and a balanced load is connected to the other end of the bar, distributed decomposition in the zone of the inductor inserted into the device, connected to the generator electrical fluctuations.

С целью сохранения помехоустойчивости, в корпусе создан вакуум.In order to maintain noise immunity, a vacuum is created in the housing.

На чертеже представлено устройство, общий'вид.The drawing shows a device, a common view.

Устройство содержит преобразователь 1, например пьезоэлектрический брусок, который с верхнего торца нагружен сбалансированным грузом 2, консольно защемлен в оправе-щите 3, где установлены подвижные электроды-токосъемники 4 в колодцах 5. Контакт между электродами-токосъемниками 4 и пьезоэлектрическим бруском обеспечивается пружиной 6 и регулируется стопорными гайками 7.Груз 2 имеет сквозное отверстие под балансировочные винты 8. Вкладыш 9 выполняет функции изолятора. Электроды-токосъемники 4 соединены с усилителем 10, сигналы которого могут быть восприняты измерительным прибором 11. Для сохранения помехоустойчивости в корпусе 12 создан вакуум через ниппель 13. Катушка 14 индуктивности смонтирована в корпусе 12 и служит для создания необходимого магнитного поля в зоне груза и для устранения непропорциональности между действующим усилием и выходным напряжением. Катушка 14 индуктивности подключена к генератору электрических колебаний (не показан).The device comprises a transducer 1, for example, a piezoelectric bar, which is loaded with a balanced load 2 from the upper end, cantilevered in a frame 3, where movable current collector electrodes 4 are installed in wells 5. The contact between the current collector electrodes 4 and the piezoelectric bar is provided by a spring 6 and it is regulated by lock nuts 7. Cargo 2 has a through hole for balancing screws 8. Insert 9 serves as an insulator. The current collector electrodes 4 are connected to an amplifier 10, the signals of which can be sensed by the measuring device 11. To maintain noise immunity, a vacuum is created in the housing 12 through the nipple 13. The inductor 14 is mounted in the housing 12 and serves to create the necessary magnetic field in the load zone and to eliminate disproportionality between the acting force and the output voltage. An inductor 14 is connected to an electric oscillation generator (not shown).

Устройство работает следующим образом.The device operates as follows.

Датчик устанавливается на плоскости А элемента конструкции, подлежащего выставлению в горизонт. Подают от генератора электрических колебаний на катушку 14 индуктивности переменно© напряжение в зависимости от расположения плоскости элемента конструкции. Вектор силы тяжести груза 2 изменяет положение в пространстве, деформирует преобразователь 1, появляются устойчивые показания измерительного прибора 11, который регистрирует величину и знак электрического заряда.The sensor is mounted on the plane A of the structural element to be set horizontally. They supply from the generator of electrical vibrations to the inductor 14 alternating voltage depending on the location of the plane of the structural element. The gravity vector of the load 2 changes the position in space, deforms the transducer 1, there are stable readings of the measuring device 11, which registers the magnitude and sign of the electric charge.

Указанное размещение элементов датчика и, в частности, груза с преобразователем обеспечивает устойчивое состояние равновесия, которое характеризуется тем, что изменение положения груза, т.е. действующей силы на преобразователь, создающей незначительное отклонение из положения равновесия, может быть восстановлено.The indicated arrangement of the sensor elements and, in particular, the load with the transducer provides a steady state of equilibrium, which is characterized by the fact that the change in position of the load the force acting on the transducer, creating a slight deviation from the equilibrium position, can be restored.

Чувствительность и точность устройства возрастает. Исключение сред и нейтрализация элементов датчика, создани'е вакуума и установка звукоизоляционных материалов позволяет получить лучшее соотношение полезного сигнала к шуму.The sensitivity and accuracy of the device increases. The exclusion of media and the neutralization of sensor elements, the creation of a vacuum and the installation of soundproof materials allows you to get the best ratio of the useful signal to noise.

Диапазон работы датчика может быть расширен, но при этом следует увели-: чить положение закона Гука о микродеформации.The range of the sensor can be expanded, but at the same time it is necessary to: - increase the position of Hooke's law on microdeformation.

Пьезодатчики безынерционны,, поэто-5 му производительность работы с ними весьма высокая. Чувствительность их настолько большая, что допускает регистрацию звукового давления.Piezosensors are inertialess; therefore, the productivity with them is very high. Their sensitivity is so great that it allows registration of sound pressure.

Экономический эффект, который мо- 10 жет быть получен в результате внедрения, ориентировочно составляет 6,0-8,0 тыс.руб.The economic effect that can be obtained as a result of implementation is approximately 6.0-8.0 thousand rubles.

Claims

The invention relates to a measuring technique, in particular, to devices for measuring the deviation of a controlled plane of the horizon, and is intended for use primarily in large-scale mechanical engineering. The electrolytic level is known, which contains a hermetic case, partially filled with electrolyte, a gas bubble, electrodes, and a reverse feedback circuit consisting of an amplifier connected between the bridge inlet, with resistances of the sensor arms and a compensating force sensor, outside the sealed enclosure, the windings of which are connected to the output of the demodulator amplifier, two floats with a ferromagnetic mass with a degree of freedom in the direction of the axes of the corresponding electromagnets, and the body, the electrolyte and the gas volume are divided by a hermetic partition into two symmetric parts with one electrode and one float with a ferromagnetic mass in each part l J. A device for determining the angles of inclination from the vertical is known, comprising a housing suspended in it, a converter and a measuring device 2}. The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed is a device for determining the vertical deviation, comprising a housing, a display hanging in it, a transducer and a measuring device. The converter is made in the form of a U-shaped rocker arm fixed in the upper part with a vertical arms formed by piezoelectric bars with electrode systems, one of which is connected to an electrical oscillation generator, to the other a measuring device. The sensitivity of the device increases and it becomes possible to measure the angles of inclination from the vertical in the range from 0 to 1 with less constant time. During the production of measurements, it is often necessary to connect the sighting tube and the device defining the horizon or vertical. The resulting system is increased in size. On the other hand, a decrease in the size of the tiller leads to a decrease in the sensitivity of the device, since compressive forces decrease and its connection, for example, with a level causes an increase in the size of the entire system as a whole, thus creating certain difficulties in its operation under production conditions. . Increasing the accuracy should be along the path of increasing the weight of the small person, which is undesirable. The location of the tomb in the support creates an additional error. It increases the implementation of the length of the tandem. The electrical oscillations from the generator cause the hysteresis strain loop to appear, although at the same time neither sensitivity nor time constant decreases, the measurement accuracy becomes lower and it is insufficient for monitoring and defining the horizon plane. The purpose of the invention is to expand the operating range and improve accuracy while maintaining high sensitivity and a small time constant. This goal is achieved by THAT in a device for determining deviations from the vertical, comprising a housing, a master with a load, a transmitter moving the transmitter, made in the form of a vertically positioned piezoelectric bar with current-collecting electrodes connected to an oscillator and a measuring piezoelectric meter, piezoelectric The cue bar is rigidly fixed to the lower, with a bucket on the base of the body by means of a sound insulating mandrel, and a balanced load is connected to the other end of the bar, ny in-range device inserted into the coil connected to the generator of electrical oscillations in order to preserve the noise immunity in a vacuum enclosure. The drawing shows the general view of the device. A4 The device contains a converter I, for example, a piezoelectric bar, which is loaded from the upper end with a balanced load 2, is cantilevered in the frame-shield 3 where it is installed. movable electrodes of current collectors 4 in faces 5. The contact between the electrodes of current collectors 4 and the piezoelectric bar is provided by a spring 6 and is regulated by lock nuts 7. The load 2 has a through hole for the balancing screws 8. The insert 9 serves as an insulator. The current collector electrodes 4 are connected to an amplifier 10, the signals of which can be perceived by the measuring instrument I1. To maintain noise immunity in the housing 12, a vacuum is created through the nipple 13. The inductor 14 is mounted in the housing 12 and serves to create the necessary magnetic field in the zone and to eliminate the disproportion between the operating force and the output voltage. The inductor 14 is connected to an electrical oscillator. (Not shown). The device works as follows,. The sensor is staggered on the plane A of the structural element to be set to the horizon. An oscillator is supplied from the generator of electrical oscillations to the inductor 14 by alternating voltage depending on the position of the plane of the structural member. The force vector tk; cargo load 2 changes its position in space, deforms the transducer 1, stable readings of the measuring device 11 appear, which records the magnitude and sign of the electric charge. This arrangement of the sensor elements and, in particular, the load with the transducer ensures a stable equilibrium state, which is characterized by the fact that the change in the position of the load, i.e. acting force on the transducer, creating a slight deviation from the equilibrium position, can be restored. The sensitivity and accuracy of the device increases. The exclusion of media and the neutralization of sensor elements, the creation of a vacuum and the installation of sound-proof materials allows us to obtain the best ratio of useful signal to noise. The range of the sensor can be extended, but it should increase the position of the Hooke's law on microstrain. Piezosensors are non-inertial, therefore the productivity of working with them is very high. Their sensitivity is so great that it allows for the registration of sound pressure. The economic effect that can be obtained as a result of implementation is approximately 6.0-8.0 thousand rubles. Apparatus of the Invention A device for determining a deviation from a vertical, comprising a housing, a tandem with a load, a transducer for moving a tandem, made in the form of a vertically positioned piez electric bar with electric pick-ups connected to an electrical oscillator and measuring device, characterized in that a chain of expansion of the working range and accuracy, the piezoelectric bar is rigidly fixed to the bottom end on the base of the body by means of a sound insulating mandrel and a balanced load is connected to the other end of the bar, which is located in the zone of action of an inductance coil inserted into the device and connected to an electrical oscillator. 2. The device according to claim 1, wherein this, in order to preserve noise immunity, a vacuum is created in the housing. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. The author's certificate of the USSR. No. 646198, Cl, G 01 C 9/18, 14.03.77.

2. US patent 3143719, cl. 33630, published. 08.08.64.

3. USSR author's certificate number 558148, cl. G 01 C 9/02, 12.11.75 (prototype)