SU847461A1

SU847461A1 - Converter of dc voltage of predetermined shape

Info

Publication number: SU847461A1
Application number: SU792782848A
Authority: SU
Inventors: Владимир Алексеевич Алексеев; Александр Сергеевич Морозов; Александр Константинович Мусолин
Original assignee: Рязанский Радиотехнический Институт
Priority date: 1979-06-18
Filing date: 1979-06-18
Publication date: 1981-07-15

Description

Изобретение относится к преобразовательной технике и может быть использовано в качестве силовых модуляторов систем автоматики и радиотехнической аппаратуры.The invention relates to a conversion technique and can be used as power modulators of automation systems and radio equipment.

Известны преобразователи напряжения, в основе построения которых лежит широтно-импульсная модуляция [13 И [2].Known voltage converters, the basis of which is pulse-width modulation [13 AND [2].

Однако в таких устройствах для подавления значительной амплитуды импульсной составляющей выходного напряжения необходимы фильтры с большой установленной мощностью, что ведет к росту массы и объема формирователя и появлению заметных амплитудных и фазовых искажений выходного сигнала.However, in such devices, filters with a large installed power are required to suppress a significant amplitude of the pulse component of the output voltage, which leads to an increase in the mass and volume of the driver and the appearance of noticeable amplitude and phase distortions of the output signal.

Наиболее близким к изобретению является преобразователь постоянного напряжения заданной формы, содержащий задающий генератор, связанный с управляющими переходами ключевых транзисторов N широтно-импульсных преобразо-. вателей, по входу соединенных парал2 лельно, по выходу последовательно, причем выход последних через демодулятор и узел обратной связи подключен к одному из входов элемента сравнения, а также три нуль-органа, выходы которых подключены ко входам рас пределителя импульсов, выходы последних соединены с управляющими входами преобразователей [З3·Closest to the invention is a constant voltage converter of a given shape, containing a master oscillator connected to the control transitions of the key transistors N pulse-width converting. at the input connected in parallel, at the output in series, and the output of the latter through the demodulator and feedback node is connected to one of the inputs of the comparison element, as well as three zero-organs, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of the pulse distributor, the outputs of the latter are connected to the control the inputs of the transducers [Z3 ·

Однако известный преобразователь характеризуется недостаточной точностью стабилизации и ограниченными возможностями регулирования напряжения и частоты.However, the known converter is characterized by insufficient stabilization accuracy and limited voltage and frequency regulation capabilities.

Цель изобретения - расширение функциональных возможностей и повышение точности воспроизведения напряжения.The purpose of the invention is the expansion of functionality and increase the accuracy of voltage reproduction.

Цель достигается тем, что в известный преобразователь введен источник воспроизводимого канала, выход которого подключен ко второму входу элемента сравнения и входу первого нульоргана _fвторой нуль-орган выполнен двухпозиционным, первые входы второго з 84746 и третьего нуль-органа подключены к · выходу элемента сравнения, второй вход второго нуль-органа соединен с выходом логического элемента, а второй вход третьего нуль-органа - с одним из выходов указанного задающего ⁵генератора.The goal is achieved by the fact that the source of the reproduced channel is introduced into the known converter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the comparison element and the input of the first nullorgan _{f the} second null organ is on-off, the first inputs of the second s 84746 and the third null organ are connected to the output of the comparison element, the second input of the second zero-organ is connected to the output of the logic element, and the second input of the third zero-organ is connected to one of the outputs of the specified master ⁵ generator.

Кроме того, распределитель импульсов содержит N однотипных каналов, каждый из которых выполнен на логичес-₁₀ких элементах 2И, 2-2И-2ИЛИ, 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ и RS-триггере, S-вход которого соединен с выходом логического элемента 2И, а R-вход - с выходом логического элемента 2-2И-2ИЛИ, входы первого ₁₅элемента 2И логического элемента 2И-2ИЛИ объединены и образуют первый вход распределителя импульсов, соединенного с выходом первого нуль-органа, один из входов второго элемента 2И логического элемента 2-2И-2ИЛИ образуют второй вход распределителя импульсов, соединенного со вторым выходом второго нуль-органа, второй вход этого элемента соединен с G-вы- ₂₅ходом триггера следующего канала, один из входов логического элемента 2И образует третий вход распределителя импульсов и соединен с первым выходом второго нуль-органа, четвертый вход распределителя импульсов, соединенный с выходом третьего нуль-органа, подключен к первому входу элемента ЗИ логического элемента 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ, выходы которых соединены со вторым входом логического элемента 2И и образуют выходные выводы распределителя импульсов, G-выходы триггеров каждого канала соединены вторыми входами элемента 2И логического элемента 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ, a G-выходы каждого канала - с третьими входами элемента ЗИ логического элемента 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ, причем вторые и третьи входы этого элемента, а также первые и вторые входы элемента 2И ₅логического элемента 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ в первом канале объединены, а первый вход , элемента 2И и второй вход элемента ЗИ последующих каналов объединены и соединены со вторым входом элемента 2И ₅θ аналогичного логического элемента предыдущего канала.Furthermore, the pulse distributor comprises N single-type channels, each of which is made on the FIR elements ₁₀ logiches- 2I, 2or-2-2I, 2-ZI-2or and RS-trigger, S-input coupled to the output of 2I, and R-input - with the output of the logical element 2-2I-2OR, the inputs of the first ₁₅ element 2I of the logical element 2I-2OR are combined and form the first input of the pulse distributor connected to the output of the first zero-organ, one of the inputs of the second element 2I of the logical element 2- 2I-2OR form the second input of the pulse distributor connected the second output of the second zero-body, the second input of this element is connected to the _G-25 You are a trigger stroke next channel, one of the inputs of NAND gate 2I forms a third pulse input distributor and connected to the first output of the second zero-body, the fourth input of the pulse distributor connected to the output of the third null organ is connected to the first input of the GI element of the 2-ZI-2OR logic element, the outputs of which are connected to the second input of the 2I logic element and form the output terminals of the pulse distributor, G-outputs of the trigger The ditch of each channel is connected by the second inputs of element 2I of the logic element 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ, and the G-outputs of each channel are connected to the third inputs of the element ЗИ of the logic element 2-ЗИ-2ИИ, with the second and third inputs of this element, as well as the first and second inputs element 2I _{5 of the} logic element 2-ZI-2OR in the first channel are combined, and the first input, element 2I and the second input of the element ZI of the subsequent channels are combined and connected to the second input of element 2I ₅ θ of the same logical element of the previous channel.

На фиг. 1 изображена принципиальная электрическая схема преобразователя напряжения; на фиг. 2 - диаграм- ₅₅мы, поясняющие принцип работы трехячейкового устройства.In FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a voltage converter; in FIG. 2 - diagram ₅₅ we are explaining the principle of operation of the three-cell device.

Преобразователь содержит N широтно-импульсных ячеек 1, каждая из ко ¹ . ⁴ тррых состоит из регулирующего тран-j зистора, двух коммутирующих транзисторов 2, 3 и трансформатора 4. Первичные обмотки трансформаторов соединены параллельно, а вторичные - последовательно и подключены к демодулятору 5, который через узел 6 обратней связи подключен.к элементу 7 сравнения. Источник 8 воспроизводимого сигнала соединен с первым нульорганом 9, а через элемент сравнения с двухпозиционным вторым нуль-органом 10 и третьим нуль-органом 11, к которому также подключен двухтактный задающий генератор 12. Распределитель 13 импульсов состоит из логического элемента 2-2И-2ИЛИ 14, логического элемента И 15, логического элемента 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ 16, триггера 17.The converter contains N pulse-width cells 1, each of ko ¹ . ⁴ three consists of a regulating trans-j transistor, two switching transistors 2, 3 and a transformer 4. The primary windings of the transformers are connected in parallel, and the secondary windings are connected in series and connected to the demodulator 5, which is connected through the feedback unit 6 to the comparison element 7. The source 8 of the reproduced signal is connected to the first nullorgan 9, and through the element of comparison with the on-off second null-organ 10 and the third null-organ 11, to which the push-pull master oscillator 12 is also connected. The pulse distributor 13 consists of a logic element 2-2I-2 OR 14 , logical element AND 15, logical element 2-ZI-2OR 16, trigger 17.

Преобразователь работает следующим образом.The converter operates as follows.

В момент перехода напряжения источника 8 воспроизводимого сигнала (фиг.'2. Ug; через нуль коротким импульсом с первого нуль-органа 9 ‘ (фиг. 2,Ug) логический элемент 14 устанавливает триггеры каналов в нулевое состояние. Результат сравнения задающего сигнала (фиг. 2, Ид) и выходного напряжения преобразователя (фиг. 2, U₆)'' поступает на второй нуль-орган 10, где становится модулирующей функцией длительности прямоугольных импульсов (фиг. 2, Ц₂) задающего генератора 12. Широтно-модулированные импульсы Третьего нуль-органа 11 (фиг. 2, Ц») •поступают на входы логического элемента 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ 16, но так как разрешающий потенциал присутствует только в первом канале, на выходе его элемента создается ШИМ-сигнал (фиг. 2,U') , который включает первую ячейку 1, содержащую транзисторы 2, 3 и трансформатор 4 в работу. Это продолжается до тех пор, пока ячейка не исчерпает свои возможности в увеличении выходного напряжения преобразователя. В этот момент сигнал ошибки достигает порогового значения (фиг. 2, ΙΙγ), установленного в двухпозиционном нуль— органе 10, что приводит к появлению на одном из его выходов короткого импульса (фиг. 2, , который через логический элемент И 15 устанавливает триггер 17 первого канала в единичное состояние. Тем самым первая ячейка 1 переводится в режим полного ШИМа (фиг. 2, U' ) и включается в работу вторая ячейка 1 (фиг. 2, U¹¹), так как на входе логического элемента её канала распределителя 13 импульсов появляется разрешающий потенциал и широтно-модулированный сигнал поступает в базу ее регулирую- ₅щего транзистора. Дальнейший рост задающего напряжения приводит описанным путем к переводу второй ячейки 1 на полный ШИМ и подключению третьей ячейки, 1 (фиг. 2, U'). Так поочередным. ц включением в работу ШИМ-преобраэователей формируется возрастающая часть кривой выходного напряжения (фиг. 2, и₅).At the moment of transition of the voltage of the source 8 of the reproduced signal (Fig. '2. Ug; through zero a short pulse from the first zero-organ 9' (Fig. 2, Ug), the logic element 14 sets the channel triggers to the zero state. The result of comparing the reference signal (Fig. .2, Id) and the output voltage of the converter (Fig. 2, U ₆ ) '' arrives at the second zero-organ 10, where it becomes a modulating function of the duration of the rectangular pulses (Fig. 2, C ₂ ) of the master oscillator 12. The pulse-width modulated pulses Third null-organ 11 (Fig. 2, C ") • enter the inputs l of a 2-ZI-2OR OR 16 element, but since the resolving potential is present only in the first channel, a PWM signal is generated at the output of its element (Fig. 2, U '), which includes the first cell 1 containing transistors 2, 3 and a transformer 4. This continues until the cell has exhausted its ability to increase the output voltage of the converter, at which point the error signal reaches the threshold value (Fig. 2, ΙΙγ) installed in the two-position zero-organ 10, which leads to the appearance of a short pulse at one of its outputs (Fig. 2, which, through the AND 15 logic element, sets the trigger 17 of the first channel to a single state. Thus, the first cell 1 is transferred to the full PWM mode (Fig. 2, U ') and the second cell 1 is switched on (Fig. 2, U ¹¹ ), since a resolving potential appears at the input of the logical element of its channel of the pulse distributor 13 and the pulse-width modulated signal enters its base regulating transistor ₅ present. Dahl Further growth of the reference voltage leads in the described way to transfer the second cell 1 to full PWM and connect the third cell, 1 (Fig. 2, U '). Thus, by switching on the PWM converters, an increasing part of the output voltage curve is formed (Fig. 2 , and ₅ ).

Уменьшение задающего сигнала при- ,5 водит к отрицательной ошибке на выходе элемента 7 сравнения (фиг. 2, U₇). По этому сигналу на втором выходе двухпозиционного второго нульоргана 10 создается импульс (фиг. 2, эд ϋ’θ), который через логический элемент 2-2И-2ИЛИ 14 отключает канал, осуществляющий к этому времени широтно-импульсную модуляцию, к примеру, третий нуль-орган 11 (фиг. 2, U^{1 * *}), 25 при этом второй канал переводится в режим ШИМ. С поступлением каждого последующего импульса со второго нульоргана 10 поочередно отключатся и меняют режим модуляции ячейки пре- 30 образователя, формируя, тем самым, спадающую кривую задающего сигнала (фиг. 2, Ug).The reduction of the reference signal leads to, 5 leads to a negative error at the output of the comparison element 7 (Fig. 2, U ₇ ). According to this signal, a pulse is generated at the second output of the on-off second nullorgan 10 (Fig. 2, ed ϋ'θ), which, through the logic element 2-2I-2 OR 14, disconnects the channel that carries out pulse-width modulation, for example, the third zero -organ 11 (Fig. 2, U ^{1 * *} ), 25 while the second channel is switched to PWM mode. With the arrival of each subsequent pulse from the second nullorgan 10, they turn off one by one and change the modulation mode of the transformer cell 30, thereby forming a decaying curve of the driving signal (Fig. 2, Ug).

Таким образом, предлагаемый преобразователь напряжения воспроизво- 35 дит сигнал любой формы и частоты. Он может выполнять функции стабилизатора постоянного и переменного напряжений, преобразователя постоянного напряжения в переменное сину- ⁴0 соидальное регулируемой частоты, усилителя мощности, модулятора и активного фильтра.Thus, the proposed voltage converter reproduces a signal of any shape and frequency. It can perform the functions of a stabilizer of constant and alternating voltage, a converter of direct voltage to alternating syn- ⁴ 0 soidal adjustable frequency, power amplifier, modulator and active filter.

Claims

The invention relates to converter equipment and can be used as power modulators of automation systems and radio equipment. Voltage converters are known, based on the construction of pulse-width modulation Ij and G23. However, in such devices, to suppress a significant amplitude of a pulsed component of output voltage, filters with a high installed power are needed, which leads to an increase in the mass and volume of the driver and the appearance of noticeable amplitude and phase distortions of the output signal. The closest to the invention is a constant voltage converter of a predetermined for "1" containing a master oscillator associated with control transitions of key transistors N pulse width transducers, connected in parallel across the input, output sequentially, and the output of the latter through The demodulator and feedback unit are connected to one of the inputs of the comparison element, as well as three null-organs, whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the pulse distributor, the outputs of the latter are connected to the control inputs mi converters ZZ. However, the known converter is characterized by insufficient accuracy of stabilization and limited possibilities of voltage and frequency control. The purpose of the invention is to extend the functionality and improve the accuracy of voltage reproduction. The goal is achieved by introducing a source of the reproduced channel into a known converter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the comparison element and the input of the first zero of the organ. The second zero-organ is made two-position, the first inputs of the second 384 and the third zero organ are connected to the output of the comparison element, the second input The second zero-organ is connected to the output of the logic element, and the second input of the third zero-organ is connected to one of the outputs of the specified master oscillator. In addition, the pulse distributor contains N channels of the same type, each of which is made on logic elements 2I, 2-2I-2ILI, 2-ZI-2IL and RS-flip-flop, the S input of which is connected to the output of logic element 2I, and R -input - with the output of the logic element 2-2I-2ILI, the inputs of the first .element 2I of the logic element 2I-2ILI are combined and form the first input of the pulse distributor connected to the output of the first zero-organ one of the inputs of the second element 2I of the logic element 2-2I- 2ILs form the second input of the pulse distributor, connected with the second output of the second zero-organ, the second input of this element is connected to the G-output of the trigger of the next channel, one of the inputs of logic element 2I forms the third input of the pulse distributor and is connected to the first output of the second zero-organ, the fourth input of the pulse distributor connected to the output the third zero-organ connected to the first input of the element ZI of the logic element 2-ZI-2IL or the outputs of which are connected to the second input of the logic element 2I and form the output terminals of the pulse distributor, G-outputs trigger Each channel is connected to the second inputs of element 2I of the logical element 2-ZI-2ILI, and the G-OUTPUTS of each channel to the third inputs of the element ZI of the logical element 2-ZI-2ILI, the second and third inputs of this element, as well as the first and second inputs element 2I of the logical element 2-ЗИ-2ИЛИ in the first channel are combined, and the first input of the element 2И and the second input of the element З. the subsequent channels are combined and connected to the second input of element 2I of the same logical element of the previous channel. FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a voltage converter; in fig. 2 - diagrams, which explain the principle of operation of the three-cell device. The Converter contains N pulse-width cells 1, Katkda from ko. three of them consist of a control transistor, two switching transistors 2, 3 and a transformer 4. The primary windings of the transformers are connected in parallel, and the secondary windings are connected in series to the demodulator 5, which is connected through the feedback node 6 to the comparison element 7. The source 8 of the reproduced signal is connected to the first nullorgan 9, and through the comparison element to the on-off second null-organ 10 and the third null-organ II to which the push-pull master oscillator 12 is also connected. The distributor 13 pulses consists of logic element 2-2И-2ИЛ 14 , a logical element And 15, a logical element, 2-ZI-2ILI 16, trigger 17. The converter works as follows. When the voltage of the source 8 of the reproduced signal (Fig. 2, Ug; through a short pulse from the first zero body 9 (Fig. 2, Ug)), the logic element 14 sets the channel triggers to the zero state. The result of the comparison of the driving signal (Fig 2, Ug) and the output voltage of the converter (Fig. 2, U) goes to the second null-organ 10, where it becomes the modulating function of the duration of the rectangular pulses (Fig. 2, C) of the master oscillator 12. Latitude-modulated pulses of the third zero -organ I1 (Fig. 2, C,) -receive the inputs of the logical element 2-ЗИ-2ШШ 16, but since the resolving potential is present only in the first channel, a PWM signal is created at the output of its element (FIG. 2, U), which includes the first cell 1 containing transistors 2, 3 and transformer 4 This is continued until the cell has exhausted its possibilities in increasing the output voltage of the converter. At this point, the error signal reaches the threshold value (Fig. 2, Uy) installed in the two-position null-organ 10, which results in the appearance of a short pulse at one of its outputs (Fig. 2, IC, which sets the I7 trigger of the first channel to the one state via the AND 15 logic element. Thus, the first cell 1 is switched to full PWM mode (Fig. 2, i) and the second cell 1 is switched on (Fig. 2, U), since the input potential and pulse width signal appear at the input of the logical terminal of its pulse distributor 13. enters the base of its regulating transistor. The subsequent increase in the supply voltage leads the way described by transferring the second cell 1 to full PWM and connecting the third cell, 1 (Fig. 2, i). So alternately, the increasing part of the output voltage curve is formed by switching on the PWM converter. Fig. 2 A decrease in the driving signal leads to a negative error at the output of the comparison element 7 (Fig. 2, and.) A pulse is generated at the second output of the on-off second nullorgan 10 (Fig. 2), which through the logic element 2-2I-2ILI 14 shuts off the channel, which carries out a pulse-width modulation by this time, for example, the third null-organ 11 (Fig. 2, U), while the second channel is translated in PWM mode. With the arrival of each successive pulse from the second nullorgan 10, they alternately disconnect and change the modulation mode of the converter cell, thereby forming a falling curve of the driving signal (Fig. 2, Ug). Thus, the proposed voltage converter reproduces a signal of any shape and frequency. It can perform the functions of a dc and ac voltage stabilizer, a dc-to-sine converter with adjustable frequency, a power amplifier, a modulator and an active filter. Claim 1. A constant-to-voltage converter of a predetermined shape containing a master oscillator associated with the control transitions of key transistors of N pulse-width converters connected in parallel in fuzz through the input, the output of the latter through a demodulator and a reverse node connection is connected to one of the inputs of the comparison element, - and also three zero-organs, whose outputs are connected to the inputs of the pulse distributor, the outputs of the latter are connected to the control inputs of the converter It is characterized in that, in order to expand the functionality and improve the accuracy of the voltage reproduction, a source of the reproduced channel is introduced, the output of which is connected to the second input of the comparison element and the input of the first null organ, the second null organ is two-position, the first inputs of the second and The third null-organ is connected to the output of the comparison element, the second input of the second null-organ is connected to the output of the logic element, and the second input of the third null-organ is connected to one of the outputs of the specified master gene Ator. 2. The converter according to claim 1, characterized in that said pulse distributor contains N channels of the same type, each of which is made on logic elements 2I, 2-2I-2ILI, 2-ZI-2ILI and RS-flip-flop, S-input of which connected to the output of the logic element 2I, and the R input to the output of the logic element 2-2I-2ILI, the inputs of the first element 2I of the logic element 2I-2ILI are combined and form the first input of the pulse distributor connected to the output of the first zero-organ, one of the inputs the second Element 2I logical element 2-2I-2IL or form a second The second input of the pulse distributor connected to the second output of the second zero-organ, the second. The input of this element is connected to the G output of the next channel trigger, one of the inputs of logic element 2I forms the third input of the pulse distributor and is connected to the first output of the second zero-organ, the fourth the input of the pulse distributor connected to the output of the third nullorgan is connected to the first input of the element ZI of the logic element 2-ZI2IL, the outputs of which are connected to the second input of the logic element 2I form the output outputs the pulse distributor, Q-outputs of the triggers of each channel are connected by the second inputs of element 2I of the logical element 2-ZI-2ILI, a6-outputs of each channel by the third inputs of the element ZI of the logical element 2-ZI-2ShTI, the second 184 and the third inputs of this element, and the first and second inputs of element 2I of the logical element 2-ZI-2IL in the first channel are also combined, and the first input of element 2I and the second input of the element ZI of the subsequent channels are combined and connected to the second input of element 2I of the same logical element of the previous channel. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. Authors, USSR certificate № 148116, cl. G 05F 1/64, I960.

2. US patent number 3566308, 1971,

3. USSR author's certificate for software No. 2564961 / 24-07, cl. H 02 M 3/335, 05.01.78.

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