SU83210A1 - Kolovratna reversive steam machine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to rotary steam engines with an annular cylinder and with double rotatable shutters covering the working cavity of the cylinder.

Known steam engines have, in addition to their structural simplicity, and a number of drawbacks associated with the technological difficulties involved in their implementation, and the difficulties of creating durable and reliable seals for working cavities.

In the described steam engine, these shortcomings have not been completely eliminated, however, its individual components, such as: the device for closing the working cavity of the cylinder and the steam-inlets are original and allow increasing the efficiency such machines.

The proposed machine differs from that known for using double disk shutters in it, which rotate to the side at different speeds.

Such an embodiment of the shutters allows, with identical sizes with known double rotary o6j tugs, to more quickly overlap the annular working cavity of the machine and, thereby, to minimize the piston stroke without affecting it, and the use of steam inlet disk spools, made and working in the same way as the obturators will provide a sharp cut-off of steam into the cylinder of the machine.

FIG. 1 shows schematically a circulating reversible steam machine in section; in fig. 2 is the same; the section along A-A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 and 4 shows a diagram of the drive to the obturator disks; in fig. 5 - the same for double disc spools; in fig. 6 - diagram of the steam line of the machine; in fig. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 depict the location of the shutter discs; in fig. 13 - section body of the spool; in fig. 14, 15, and 16 is the location of the double disc spool.

On the frame / (fig. 1 and 2) of the machine there is an annular cylinder - in which the pistons 5 are located, attached to the rotor disk 4, are mounted on the shaft 3, which is installed in the bottom. Pistons 5 located on the rim of the disk 4 are diametrically opposed. In order to seal the pistons in the cylinder, they are provided with sealing rings.

On the inner surface of the annular cylinder there is an annular slot 6 in which the rim of the disk 4 is placed. The gap between the side planes of the rim and the walls of the slot has a corresponding seal. The annular cylinder 2 is divided into three equal parts I, II, and III by means of three pairs of obturator disks 7 and 8 connected to the respective mechanisms 9 (Fig. 3 and 4), which allow the cylinder to open the piston 5 and overlap it after passing through the shutter discs.

In order to quickly overlap the working cavity with dual obturator discs, which could not be achieved in well-known mainframes, both with single discs and dual, rotating with equal speeds in different directions, according to the invention, the discs were made rotating with different speeds into one same side.

The implementation of one-way rotation for both disks also contributes to a reduction in the relative speeds between them, and consequently, to a decrease in the wear of the disks.

Each pair of obturator discs 7 and 8 is housed in a U-case mounted on the cylinder of the machine.

The disks 7 and S are provided with cutouts // (Figs. 7 and 8) of the appropriate size for the passage of the piston 5. With respect to the cylinder 2, the obturator disks 7 and S are located eccentrically and so that the circumference of the cylinder touches the circumference of the obturator disks.

The axis of rotation of the otirators is located in the plane of the rotor disk 4 and, therefore, intersects with the axis of the shaft 3 (Fig, 1 and 2) of the shaft at a right angle.

The disk 8 is rigidly mounted on the shaft 12, (Fig. 8), and the disk 7 is also rigid, but paired with the hollow shaft 13. Both shafts are driven by the shaft 3 of the machine with the aid of mechanism 9 (Figs. 3 and 4).

When the piston moves along the arrow L and in its position indicated in FIG. 9, the obturator disks 7 and 8 are positioned so that their cuts And are identical, and the piston 5 has the ability to pass through the cuts in the disks. The piston first passes through the notch of disc 7 and goes to the edge of the disk 8; accordingly, the discs are indicated in FIG. 9, 10 and 11 position, i.e. the disk 7 did not reach the circumference of the cylinder by the edge of its cutout 7, and the disk 8 did not reach the circumference of the cylinder by the amount of X.

If the piston is moved to the right or left of the discs from the position indicated by pa of FIG. 9, then the arrangement of the discs will be as shown in FIG. 10 and 11.

The X-X and Y-Y values of the distances from the edges of the notches in the disks to the working iolost mirror during the passage of the piston mutually change, but in such a way that the necessary gap remains between the edge of the notch in the obturator disk and the working-cavity mirror.

According to the condition of the machine, the currently working cavity of the annular cylinder during the entire stroke of the piston must be separated from the remaining cavities, i.e. at this time it must be covered by two adjacent pairs of shutters.

To do this in combination with the rapid overlapping of the cavity by the discs while rotating them in different directions with equal speeds is not possible, since after the overlap the cavity will open again.

In order to prevent such unnecessary opening, and the overlapping of the cylinder was carried out quickly, the shutter drive was made so that the disk 8 rotates in the same direction as the disk 7, but several times slower than it. The rotation of the disk 8 is calculated so that during the stroke of the piston this disk makes only one turn. In this case, for the entire stroke of the piston, the cavity of the cylinder will be blocked. The speed of rotation of the disk 7 is set so that the cavity overlaps most quickly, and when the piston approaches the disks, the cutouts in them would simultaneously coincide with the circumference of the cylinder for the piston to pass.

With this implementation of the shutters after the piston disk 7 passes through them, although it will be in the next “open position, the disk will have time to shut off the cylinder and eliminate the possibility of steam from the working cavity to the non-working one.

When reversing the machine and moving the piston 5 in the direction opposite to that indicated by the arrow "/ ((Fig. 9, 10, 11 and 12)), the working cavity will also be disconnected from the cavity adjacent to it by the disk l but the first with the piston 5 will be there is a disk 8 rotating more slowly, however, the operation of the machine does not change significantly.

In addition to the obturator discs 7 and 8, which serve to close the cavity of the cylinder, according to the invention, the steam engine is equipped with double disc spools, which are intended to alternately admit steam into the working cavities of the annular cylinder 2 of the machine.

The housing 14 (FIGS. 13, 15) of the spool is a continuation of the cylinder body 2: its outer part has a cylindrical recess} 5, the inner end surface J6 of which is a spool mirror having a window 17 communicating with the windows of the machine cylinder.

The spool mirror mounted disk 18, rigidly mounted on the shaft 19 (Fig. 14 and 15). Next to the disk 18 is a disk 20 mounted on a hollow shaft 19. Both disks have the same cuts and are provided with windows 21.

In order to achieve a sharp cut-off of steam after its intake, the disk drive is designed in such a way that, during operation, they rotate in the same direction, but at different speeds, i.e., in the same way as the shutters covering the cavity of the cylinder 2. The drive of the discs is produced from the shaft of the machine through the mechanisms 22 (Fig. 5).

Providing different speeds of rotation of the disks 18 and 20 is achieved by applying gears to disks with different gear ratios.

Since one of the disks 18 rotates with a large number of revolutions, another disk 20, the width of the window on the disk 18 (Fig. 16) is made somewhat larger than the width of the window of the disk 20. The angle a, in connection with this, the disk 18 should be more angle than disk 20.

Steam inlets with disc valves, made according to the invention, make it possible to obtain a very fast steam cut-off after its inlet, with their relatively small dimensions.

Subject invention

1. A rotary reversible steam machine with an annular cylinder and double disc obturators, which serve to separate the annular working cavity, characterized in that, in order to achieve a quick overlap of the working cavity, the obturator disks are rotating in the same direction at different speeds. mi

- 3-.№83210

2. OopiMH execution of the machine io p. 1, which is the fact that, in order to carry out a sharp cut-off of steam after its intake, double disc spools rotated in the same direction are used as steam inlets. with different speeds.

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